[curiosity]

Poland was an exception.

Jews prospered in Poland for most of their history there, actually.

Portugal was an exception.

Ruled by the same people ruling Spain.

The Papal States were an exception.

I'm not aware of any massacres of Jews in the Papal states.

Prague was an exception.

Not aware of this one, either.

[Right Wing Professor]

Jews prospered in Poland for most of their history there, actually. Finishing up with pogroms.

Portugal was an exception.

Ruled by the same people ruling Spain.

No, it wasn't. Portugal was an indepedent state, and had its own Inquisition.

I'm not aware of any massacres of Jews in the Papal states.

They were expelled, as they were from Prague, and Spain.