[CarolinaGuitarman]

"Deductive reasoning without a fact of reality results in philosophy."

It can still be useful. I don't agree with you that philosophy is not helpful (unless I am misreading you); epistemology is after all a part of philosophy (metaphysics, to be precise). You are correct though that without a basis in empirical observations, deduction has no way of checking itself against reality.

[jec41]

It can still be useful. I don't agree with you that philosophy is not helpful (unless I am misreading you);

Philosophy has most helpful in establishing faith and belief in moral and ethical concepts by argument. Few societies would exist without them. However one should not forget none are proved, absolute, or fact. Some societies fail because of their philosophy and its inability to change. Their (concepts) strength is that most of a society believes the philosophy. Philosophy provides little or no new knowledge and resists change of any faith and belief that has appeared to work in the past.

[Conservative Texan Mom]

ID may be a philosophical premise, but philosophy has it's own methods for weeding out the well reasoned from the "not so much". If ID is based on irrational epistemology, metaphysical justice shall have it's way. I