I do.
As a nation, we decided long ago that it was in the best interest of society (and the nation) to set up a system whereby a minimum standard of education would be made available to all citizens; it is far better to have an educated citizenship than an uneducated one.
This minimum standard, supported by parental involvement at the home can turn out an individual who is able to function within today's society; and no matter how many horror stories you may throw out about the public school system, it turns out a far greater number of basically educated individuals, than completely uneducated ones.
So paying your taxes is not about sending YOUR kids to school...people who have no children pay school taxes as well.
We all have choices above and beyond the public school system, homeschooling being one, private schools being another. Private schools are a luxury item, and like any luxury item, they cost more.
So yes, you, just like people who have no children (and who by the way, are paying for your kids to go to school just like you are), have an obligation to help maintain this public school system.
But, it is not a necessity for me to participate, imho.
Over my protests, it is a necessity for me to pay for the defense of the nation, but it is not a necessity for me to pay for kids to be educated in ways I don't believe in.
There's a difference between needs and wants.
Doing a quick google search showed that literacy rates were close to 90% at the time of the Revolutionary War, well before the public school system was established. I believe that it is more than it is today and if what I saw in college when I went back is any indication, it isn't that high these days. If that represents what we call literate enough to get into college, this country is in deep doo-doo.