No it doesn't. If you believe it does, then its no wonder that you have your doubts about evolution.
For starters, not all populations are able to adapt to their environment in a timely manner. This is why species go extinct every day.
Yes it does. The macro theory states that species arise from gradual (or not-so-gradual) changes due to mutations in predecessor species, that are selected-for by environmental pressures. As such, the theory of evolution leaves open the possibility that a fruit fly could evolve into something like a whale. Indeed, that is essentially what the theory of evolution does claim.
For starters, not all populations are able to adapt to their environment in a timely manner. This is why species go extinct every day.
That's not "for starters." It is merely an observation that some species go extinct: but the theory of evolution has force precisely because not all species go extinct, but are instead theorized to adapt and diversify. Although we have never observed a fruit fly transition to something beyond another fruit fly, there is nothing about "extinctions" that says the fruit fly could not speciate (over time) into something like a whale.