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Climate Change: As scientists confirm the earth has not warmed at all in the past decade, others wonder how this could be and what it means for Copenhagen. Maybe Al Gore can Photoshop something before December. It will be a very cold winter of discontent for the warm-mongers. The climate show-and-tell in Copenhagen next month will be nothing more than a meaningless carbon-emitting jaunt, unable to decide just whom to blame or how to divvy up the profitable spoils of climate change hysteria. The collapse of the talks coupled with the decision by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to put...

Have you heard that the world is now cooling instead of warming? You may have seen some news reports on the Internet or heard about it from a provocative new book. Only one problem: It's not true, according to an analysis of the numbers done by several independent statisticians for The Associated Press. The case that the Earth might be cooling partly stems from recent weather. Last year was cooler than previous years. It's been a while since the super-hot years of 1998 and 2005. So is this a longer climate trend or just weather's normal ups and downs? In...

El Niño in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is expected to be a dominant climate factor that will influence the December through February winter weather in the United States, according to the 2009 Winter Outlook released today by NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center. Such seasonal outlooks are part of NOAA’s suite of climate services. “We expect El Niño to strengthen and persist through the winter months, providing clues as to what the weather will be like during the period,” says Mike Halpert, deputy director of the Climate Prediction Center – a division of the National Weather Service. “Warmer ocean...

MIAMI – It may be tempting the weather gods just to point this out, but this has been a dud of a hurricane season so far. Only two hurricanes have formed in the Atlantic over the past three months, and neither hit the U.S. — a somewhat unusual lull. "I'm glad that I didn't have to go out and get anything — yet," said Lissette Galiana, who was shopping at a Wal-Mart in suburban Miami on Friday, around what is usually the very peak of the Atlantic hurricane season. "There's always a chance." Forecasters attribute the calm to a weak...

A new peer-reviewed study calls into question the so-called ‘consensus’ on the causes of global warming by saying that “Nature, not man, responsible for recent global warming.” The new study authored by three Australian scientists and published in the Journal of Geophysical Research says that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) accounts for the vast majority of temperature variability. Authored by Chris de Freitas (University of Auckland in New Zealand), John McLean (Melbourne) and Bob Carter (James Cook University), the new study is sure to cause waves among those debating the causes of global warming. Completely contrary to the mainstream media’s...

NOAA scientists today announced the arrival of El Niño, a climate phenomenon with a significant influence on global weather, ocean conditions and marine fisheries. El Niño, the periodic warming of central and eastern tropical Pacific waters, occurs on average every two to five years and typically lasts about 12 months. (snip) Contrary to popular belief, not all effects are negative. On the positive side, El Niño can help to suppress Atlantic hurricane activity. In the United States, it typically brings beneficial winter precipitation to the arid Southwest, less wintry weather across the North, and a reduced risk of Florida wildfires.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association officially announced that we will experience the El Nino phenomenon this year through to 2010. El Nino has arrived. With a 1 degree Celsius increase in a band of the eastern Pacific Ocean, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association made the announcement yesterday. The climate phenomenon, El Nino-Southern Oscillation or ENSO, that warms the eastern Pacific waters, decreases trade winds, and shows up every three to seven years, last came in 2006. It’s known to cause droughts in Southeastern Asia and floods in Central and South America, as well as bring damaging storms to...

Enlarge ImageTrouble brewing. Trouble brewing. Satellite observations show telltale signs of an El Niño returning (red and dark-blue zones).Credit: TOPEX/Poseidon Team/CNES/NASA (APOD) Batten down the hatches! The disruptive weather pattern known as El Niño has developed once again in the central Pacific Ocean, the first time since 2006, scientists announced today. Satellite instruments have recorded a band of telltale warming in surface waters of about 1°C. That could mean damaging storms this winter in California and across the southern half of the United States, as well as heavy rains in Central and South America, drought in Southeast Asia and...

El Nino bad news for winter sports outlookStory Published: Jul 9, 2009 at 3:35 PM PDT By Scott Sistek It's official. El Nino is here. Pardon us while we blow our party horn. Toot. It's news snow fans and skiers probably do not want to hear -- climate forecasters say El Nino conditions have developed in the Pacific Ocean. El Nino is a warming of ocean temperatures in the tropical region of the Pacific -- part of a typical 3-5 year cycle where the temperatures drift from warm (El Nino) to normal (neutral) to cold (La Nina) then back again....

In early September, I began noticing a string of news stories about scientists rejecting the orthodoxy on global warming. Actually, it was more like a string of guest columns and long letters to the editor since it is hard for skeptical scientists to get published in the cabal of climate journals now controlled by the Great Sanhedrin of the environmental movement. "An analytical chemist who works in spectroscopy and atmospheric sensing, Michael J. Myers of Hilton Head, S. C., declared, "Man-made global warming is junk science," explaining that worldwide manmade CO2 emission each year "equals about 0.0168% of the atmosphere's...

Larger Pacific Climate Event Helps Current La Nina LingerThis La Niña is indicated by the blue area in the center of the image along the equator. Blue indicates lower than normal sea level (cold water). (Credit: NASA/JPL) ScienceDaily (Apr. 22, 2008) — Boosted by the influence of a larger climate event in the Pacific, one of the strongest La Niñas in many years is slowly weakening but continues to blanket the Pacific Ocean near the equator, as shown by new sea-level height data collected by the U.S.-French Jason oceanographic satellite. This La Niña, which has persisted for the past year,...

How El Niño slows the Earth's spin 21 October 2007 NewScientist.com news service El Niño has an immense impact on the weather, so great in fact that the ocean warming phenomenon actually makes the planet spin more slowly. Until now, though, no one knew why. It was also a mystery why the effect did not kick in for several weeks after ocean temperatures reached their peak. Now, Jean Dickey and her colleagues at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena says that the answer is blowing in the wind. El Niño events warm Pacific surface waters in the tropics, resulting...

WASHINGTON – It may be cold comfort during a frigid February, but last month was by far the hottest January ever. The broken record was fueled by a waning El Niño and a gradually warming world, according to U.S. scientists who reported the data Thursday. Records on the planet's temperature have been kept since 1880. Spurred on by unusually warm Siberia, Canada, northern Asia and Europe, the world's land areas were 3.4 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than a normal January, according to the U.S. National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. That didn't just nudge past the old record set in...

Editorial: Strange weather is situation normal December 29, 2006 Summer snow is no tipping point for climate change CSIRO research fellow Barrie Hunt has done everyone a service by blowing the whistle on the pessimistic hand-wringing that accompanies too much of the discussion on climate change and its relationship to the drought now gripping southeast Australia. As the retired head of the CSIRO's climate modelling program, Mr Hunt says there is nothing historically unusual about Australia's predicament, contrary to much of today's political blather. According to the CSIRO's model of 10,000 years of natural climate variability, the drought can be...

First: WASHINGTON, DC, December 1, 2006 (ENS) - As the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season closed Thursday, NOAA scientists said seasonal activity was lower than expected due to the rapid development of El Niño, a periodic warming of the ocean in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, which influences pressure and wind patterns across the tropical Atlantic. The 2006 Atlantic hurricane season is considered the quietest in a decade. Only nine tropical storms formed, the last one in early October, and not a single hurricane hit the U.S. mainland. "The development of El Niño conditions by September helps explain why this...

A study warns that the Earth's temperature is approaching a level not seen in a million years, implying that we are getting close to "dangerous" levels of human pollution. The study finds that, while the world warmed slowly during the century to 1975, it has warmed at a more rapid rate of about 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade thereafter. The researchers say the global mean temperature is now within one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) of the maximum mean temperature of the past million years. Based on a 0.2-degree-Celsius increase per decade, that high point could be...

NEW YORK - An important wind circulation pattern over the Pacific Ocean has begun to weaken because of global warming caused by human activity, something that could alter climate and the marine food chain in the region, new research suggests. It's not clear what climate changes might arise in the area or possibly beyond, but the long-term effect might resemble some aspects of an El Nino event, a study author said. El Ninos boost rainfall in the southern United States and western South America and bring dry weather or even drought to Indonesia, Malaysia and elsewhere in the western Pacific....

The History of Global Precipitation from 1979 to 2004Reference Smith, T.M., Yin, X. and Gruber, A. 2006. Variations in annual global precipitation (1979-2004), based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project 2.5° analysis. Geophysical Research Letters 33: 10.1029/2005GL025393. What was done Noting that "the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) has produced merged satellite and in situ global precipitation estimates, with a record length now over 26 years beginning 1979 (Huffman et al., 1997; Adler et al., 2003)," the authors used empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to study annual GPCP-derived precipitation variations over the period of record. What was learned The...

One of the country's leading climate scientists says there is "a good chance" for a "super El Niño" next winter, a powerful warming in the Pacific Ocean linked to wet winters in the Southwest. In a draft paper circulated to colleagues, NASA climate researcher James Hansen blames global warming for increasing the chance of extreme El Niños. When they happen, such extreme El Niños can wreak weather havoc worldwide, from deep drought in Australia to flooding in California. Hansen's new paper drew a flurry of attention among scientists because of his standing as one of the nation's most prominent climate...

Absent any climate policy, scientists have found a 70 percent chance of shutting down the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean over the next 200 years, with a 45 percent probability of this occurring in this century. The likelihood decreases with mitigation, but even the most rigorous immediate climate policy would still leave a 25 percent chance of a thermohaline collapse. "This is a dangerous, human-induced climate change," said Michael Schlesinger, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "The shutdown of the thermohaline circulation has been characterized as a high-consequence, low-probability event. Our analysis,...

Patrick J. Michaels is senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute and research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia. The best way to garner headlines in the global warming game is to generate scary scenarios. While many people view climate change as some esoteric concern of environmentalists, they still raise their eyebrows when they hear a phrase like "global warming deaths." It's little surprise then that a recent article in Nature magazine has caught so much attention. Written by Jonathan Patz, an associate professor of environmental studies and population health sciences at the University of...

According to David Rind from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), 2005 is going to set the all-time record for global warmth. He told Juliet Eilperin of the Washington Post (October 13, 2005) only a major volcanic eruption could intervene. But Eilperin also interviewed Oregon State Climatologist George Taylor, who told her that Goddard's findings were "mighty preliminary." That's because there's more than one history of global temperature. Three receive the most citations. NASA's record begins in 1880, as does another history from the U.S. Department of Commerce, developed at the Department's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). But the...

4. WEATHER FORECASTERS DISCUSS NORTHWEST WINTER PREDICTIONS Posted on Friday, October 29, 2004 (PST) By Barry Espenson Do El Nino conditions -- which tend to tip nature's scale toward drier, warm winter conditions in much of the Pacific Northwest -- exist this year? That question prompted yes, no and maybe answers Thursday during the 11th annual "What will the winter be like?" gathering of the Oregon Chapter of the American Meteorological Society at Portland's Oregon Museum of Science and Industry. Their forecasts, predictably, were just as diverse, though all were within relatively close range of average temperature and precipitation totals....

Climate researchers are warning that wide areas of Northern Europe can get much colder winters if a strong, new 'El Niño' effect takes root in the Pacific Ocean. Norway can end up with Siberian conditions. Swiss researchers, backed by Norwegian colleagues, were due to unveil their findings this week. They based their work on research done on the period 1940-42, when Northern Europe experienced bitterly cold winters. During those winters, snow fell heavily in England, ships froze in ice along the usually ice-free coast of Norway and it was so cold in Oslo that schools were forced to close. "The...

Sept. 10, 2004 — NOAA declared today that El Niño is back but this time around in a weaker state. "El Niño conditions have developed in the tropical Pacific and are expected to last through early 2005," said Jim Laver, director of the NOAA Climate Prediction Center. "At this time it is not clear what, if any, impacts this event will have on ocean temperatures in the classical El Niño region along the west coast of South America and on temperature and precipitation in the United States." Impacts depend on a variety of factors, such as the intensity and extent...

WASHINGTON (AP) -- A mild El Nino is developing in the Pacific Ocean, climate experts said Friday. El Ninos can affect weather in other areas, sometimes worldwide. "El Nino conditions have developed in the central tropical Pacific and are expected to last through early 2005," Jim Laver, director of the federal Climate Prediction Center, said in a statement. These conditions occur when ocean waters become warmer than normal for the area, causing an increase in cloudiness and affecting air pressure and winds as well. The classic area for El Nino conditions is farther east, near the coast of Central and...

Warning El Nino back soon Aug 8, 2004 El Nino, a warm current that regularly appears in the Pacific Ocean often producing catastrophic climate and weather changes, is likely to develop in the next three months, forecasters say.The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said it has recorded an increasing warming of sea-surface temperatures and an eastward expansion of the anomalies in the central Pacific."Approximately half of the statistical and coupled model forecasts indicate near neutral conditions in the tropical Pacific through the end of 2004; the remaining forecasts indicate El Nino conditions will develop within the next three to six...

WASHINGTON – Warming water temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific last month may indicate the start of a new El Niño. El Niño, which can affect weather conditions around the world, is often first seen as increased sea surface temperatures in the Pacific along with changes in wind patterns. Sea surface temperatures rose nearly 1 degree Fahrenheit above normal in July, with even higher readings to the east, the National Weather Service's Climate Prediction Center said on Thursday. The temperature increases, the agency said, "indicate the possible early stages of a warm episode." The report noted that the normal easterly...

FINDINGS Fourteen percent of American mothers exclusively breast-feed their babies for the recommended minimum of six months, according to government data released yesterday. New state-by-state statistics show that Oregon has the highest rate of mothers meeting the minimum standard, but even there just 25 percent are able to give their babies breast milk and nothing else for six months, the report shows. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the World Health Organization and most other experts recommend that mothers give their babies breast milk only -- no formula, juice or solid food -- until they are 6 months old. Studies have...

The Denver Post perspective Drought's a tricky phenomenon By Klaus Wolter Sunday, May 02, 2004 - In much of Colorado, the 1980s and '90s were years of benign climate conditions. Dry years were rare, and some of the wettest years on record were observed along the Front Range. If you moved into our state during this period, you might have gotten a misleading impression about typical conditions here. Beginning in September 1999, Colorado experienced severe drought conditions, part of a global drought pattern that covered a large fraction of the United States, the Mediterranean, and southwest Asia. (It led to...

It has been a summer like those we experienced in the middle part of the last century. In fact the summers over the last 5 years have been very "1950's-like". In the last few years, winters have also been reminiscent of that same era. In a number of stories during the last few years and most recently in “Is Global Cooling About to Kick In?”, we showed how changes in both the Pacific and Atlantic and on the sun were suggesting a return to the climate of half a century ago. The decades of the 1940s to 1960s were characterized...

Tablets that may reveal El Niño secrets are feared lost in Iraq By Ben Russell, Political Correspondent 09 June 2003 The secrets of El Niño, one of the most mysterious and destructive weather systems, could be unlocked by hundreds of thousands of ancient clay tablets now feared lost or damaged in the chaos of Iraq. Researchers believe the tablets, written using a cuneiform text, one of the earliest types of writing, form the world's oldest records of climate change and could give vital clues to understanding El Niño and global warming. Academics are demanding that ministers act to protect the...

N E W Y O R K, March 1 — It's been brutal, the worst winter in seven years for 80 million people in the East. It's quite a change from a year ago. Last winter was so mild that New York City had only 4 inches of snow. This winter, the city has gotten 42 inches — and it may not be over yet. "We got kind of softened to the idea that warm weather is what we're supposed to get in winter. Now we have a reality check this year with real winter conditions," said Vernon Kousky, a...

Ancient Climate May Augur Future Effects Of Global Warming Ancient lake sediments and modern computers both indicate that El Nino might react differently to global warming than current theory claims, according to a Purdue research report. Purdue University's Matt Huber has simulated the "hothouse" climate of the distant past with a computer model to study the reaction of the tropical Pacific Ocean, a key player in removing heat from the atmosphere. While it cannot absorb an unlimited amount of atmospheric heat, Huber has found that even when the climate warms, the tropical Pacific Ocean maintains its ability to remove...

For education and discussion only. Not for commercial use. In the late 1930s, California's sardines supported the biggest fishery in the western hemisphere, with more than half a million tons of fish caught each year. By the mid-1950s, the sardines had virtually disappeared. Although fishing pressure may have played a part in this process, new research published in the current issue of Science indicates that the sardines' demise was part of a 50-year cycle that affects not just California, but the entire Pacific Ocean. Francisco Chavez, a biological oceanographer at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute at Moss Landing and...

<p>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The global weather anomaly El Nino has strengthened and is expected to worsen the drought in the U.S. Plains states while drenching California and the Southeast through the spring, the government said Thursday.</p> <p>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said El Nino, which is blamed for vicious droughts and floods worldwide, had entered its ``mature stage'' and would linger through April.</p>

<p>In the northern Sierra Nevada, forest service officials worried Friday of possible avalanches as up to 2 feet of snow were expected to pile onto peaks already burdened with several feet of snow in the past several days.</p> <p>In San Francisco Bay area, persistent rain Thursday flooded streets, knocked out power to thousands of residents and kicked up surf. Further north, the storm caused rivers and creeks to rise, and left parts of the Napa Valley wine region with a dusting of snow.</p>

Special weather statement National Weather Service San Francisco ca 530 AM PST Thu Dec 12 2002 ...Wet stormy weather on the way... A Major rain event is expected to hit the district over the next several days. There will be a series of Pacific storms rolling into the California coast...With the first rains expected to Reach mainly the North Bay region this evening. Rains will continue in the North on Friday...And will be spreading South over the entire san Francisco and Monterey bay region. The strongest in the storm series is likely to occur Saturday and Saturday night...With very...

NOAA: El Nino to Bring Warmer Winter to Northern US 19 minutes ago Add Science - Reuters to My Yahoo! By Christopher Doering WASHINGTON (Reuters) - El Nino will bring milder temperatures this winter to the northern half of the United States, government forecasters said Thursday. The weather phenomenon will extend through spring, pounding the U.S. from southern California to the Carolinas with more storms, which will help replenish low water levels after several years of below-normal precipitation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said. But at the same time, EL Nino will worsen the drought in the Rockies...

For education and discussion only. Not for commercial use. Project would only work in areas that can produce clouds Scientists in Britain are designing a machine that could help to produce rain in areas where it is needed. The plan involves forcing seawater through nozzles so that it becomes a fine spray, which can then gradually form into clouds. The research is being carried out at Edinburgh University by Professor Stephen Salter, who designed a way of producing electricity from waves 30 years ago with a system of floats known as "Salter's duck". His rainmaking idea has just been awarded...

EL NINO Pacific Ocean Temperature Changes Point To Natural Climate Variability College Station - Nov 18, 2002 Analysis of long-term changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures may provide additional data with which to evaluate global warming hypotheses. "Abrupt changes in water temperatures occurring over intervals of up to 25 years suggest that global warming may result as much from natural cyclical climate variations as from human activity," said Benjamin Giese, oceanography professor in the College of Geosciences. "Climate models constructed here at Texas A&M University were used to analyze ocean surface temperature records in the tropical Pacific since 1950. The results...

Source: Syracuse University Date: 11/14/2002 New Evidence That El Niño Influences Global Climate Conditions On A 2,000-Year Cycle El Niño, the pattern that can wreak havoc on climate conditions around the world, is like a beacon, pulsating through time on a 2,000 year cycle, according to a new study by scientists from Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.; Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., and from the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, Colo., that is being published in the Nov. 14 issue of Nature. The study, which resulted from a detailed analysis of a continuous 10,000-year record of El Niño events from a lake in...

EL NIÑO EXPECTED TO IMPACT ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON, NOAA REPORTS August 8, 2002 — As the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season nears its peak period, NOAA’s hurricane forecasters today said they expect seven to ten tropical storms, of which four to six could develop into hurricanes, with one to three classified as major—Category 3 or higher on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale. The total expected activity falls in the normal, to below-normal range, and indicates a low probability of an above-average season. (Click NOAA satellite image for larger view of Hurricane Andrew as it approached Florida on August 23, 1992....

El Nino hits Australia, SE Asia braces for drought SYDNEY - El Nino, the weather villain blamed for a deadly drought in Southeast Asia five years ago, is back with a vengeance in Australia and is threatening other countries. Australia is the first victim, with an existing drought made worse by the recurring weather condition, which authorities say set in in July as Pacific sea temperatures warmed. The 2002/03 wheat crop forecast in Australia - bread-basket for Asia and much of the Middle East - has shrunk to 17 million tonnes from March estimates of 24 million tonnes. The...

EL NIÑO MAKES ITS OFFICIAL RETURN, NOAA REPORTS July 11, 2002 — It's now official: El Niño is back. It's not the powerful, climatic juggernaut of 1997-98, but a milder, weaker version that may begin affecting weather in the United States by Fall 2002, according to NOAA's National Weather Service. (Click NOAA satellite image for larger view of sea surface temperatures taken July 8, 2002. Click here for the NOAA image without grids. Click here to see the latest sea surface temperatures.) The agency's climate experts today said mature El Niño conditions likely will develop in a few months....

El Niño Could Rescue Parched Southwest BOULDER, Colorado, May 1, 2002 (ENS) - The El Niño weather pattern now developing in the tropical Pacific Ocean may reduce the severity of drought conditions in the Southwest United States this summer. The announcement was made this week by researchers at the Climate Diagnostics Center, run by researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. CIRES is headquartered on the CU-Boulder campus. El Niño is the periodic warming of water in the tropical Pacific Ocean...

U.S. Could Soon Feel Impacts of El Niño WASHINGTON, DC, April 12, 2002 (ENS) - Warmer than normal sea temperatures mean that the United States could start feeling the impacts of a developing El Niño weather system as early as mid-summer, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said this week. The scientists cautioned that the strength of the expected El Niño is still unknown. Depending on its strength, the El Niño impacts could range between fewer Atlantic hurricanes and a drier than normal summer monsoon season in the southwest, to more Nor'easters next winter. "This El Niño is...

<p>CAMP SPRINGS, Maryland (CNN) -- A developing El Niño could show its first impact on worldwide weather by mid-summer, but how extensive that impact will be remains uncertain, NOAA scientists said Thursday.</p> <p>"This El Niño is still forming, and it's unclear now at what level of intensity it will be once it's fully developed," said NOAA Administrator Vice Adm. Conrad C. Lautenbacher. In past El Niño episodes, April and May were critical months in determining how severe the weather phenomenon's impacts would be, he said.</p>

Oceans swell towards new El Niño 13:09 12 April 02 A new El Niño is building in the waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean, US government scientists warned on Thursday. Sea temperatures continue to rise and are now up to 3°C above normal off the shore of Ecuador and Peru, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Huge shoals of cold-water anchovies - one of the world's great fish stocks - have disappeared from the waters of Peru. This is a classic indication of the onset of the climatic aberration, which can bring chaos across the world. NOAA's Climate Prediction...

RECORD WARM WINTER IN MUCH OF MIDWEST AND NORTHEAST; DROUGHT WORSENS ALONG EASTERN SEABOARD, NOAA REPORTS March 14, 2002 — Many areas of the Midwest and Northeast experienced record warmth during the December 2001 through February 2002 winter season, said scientists at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C., today. The December-February temperature for the contiguous United States was the fifth warmest, and the global temperature was the second warmest since records began in the late 1800s. Precipitation since September 2001 was the lowest on record in the eastern seaboard region from Florida to Maine, leading to severe...