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Why is Africa so poor while Europe and North America are so wealthy?
The Washington Post ^ | April 24, 2016 | Andrew Gelman

Posted on 04/24/2016 9:05:52 AM PDT by MinorityRepublican

A few years ago, two economics professors, Quamrul Ashraf and Oded Galor, published a paper, “The Out of Africa Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development,” that drew inferences about poverty and genetics based on a statistical pattern.

The world’s most genetically diverse countries (using their measure of what counts as genetically diverse) are in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the world’s poorest region. The least genetically diverse countries are in places like Bolivia, which have low incomes but not as low as in that region of Africa. There’s an intermediate level of genetic diversity among the residents of the middle-income and rich countries in Asia, Europe and North America.

Genetic diversity arises from migratory distance of populations from East Africa. Countries in east Africa have the highest genetic diversity because this is where humans evolved. Populations that settled in other parts of the world descend from various subgroups of people who left Africa at different times. Thus, these groups are less varied in their genetic profiles.

Ashraf and Galor put this together and argued that this is “reflecting the trade-off between the beneficial and the detrimental effects of diversity on productivity.” Their argument was that a little bit of genetic diversity is a good thing because “a wider spectrum of traits is more likely to be complementary to the development and successful implementation of advanced technological paradigms,” but if a country is too genetically diverse, its economy will suffer from “reduced cooperation and efficiency.” Thus, they wrote, “the high degree of diversity among African populations and the low degree of diversity among Native American populations have been a detrimental force in the development of those regions.”

(Excerpt) Read more at washingtonpost.com ...


TOPICS: News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: christianity
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To: going hot
Walks over to a rock and places hand over it, says "see my hand? I want you to make a fist and smash my hand, as hard as you can"

The version I heard goes like this:

Black African complaining to White European "Why do you run the businesses here?"

European says "Let me show you that we're smarter. Here, see my hand? Hit it as hard as you can!", as the European places his hand on a tree trunk.

African goes to punch it as hard as he can, and the European pulls his hand away at the last second and the African smashes his fist into the tree and yells out in pain. Says "Okay, I understand."

Later, a second African asks the first African what happened to his messed up hand? First one says European was explaining why they're smarter. Second asks him to explain.

So the first African puts his hand over his face and says "Here, see my hand? Hit it as hard as you can!"

141 posted on 04/24/2016 12:05:01 PM PDT by roadcat
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To: RegulatorCountry

No offense to Jamaicans, but anyone who picks fruit off a tree and doesn’t do anything else is really not much more than a monkey. LOL.


142 posted on 04/24/2016 12:05:11 PM PDT by Alberta's Child ("Sometimes I feel like I've been tied to the whipping post.")
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To: Alberta's Child

>I also wonder how much of Africa even has written languages. A civilization without a written language is basically aboriginal, no matter how much that important fact is masked by the modern amenities that were brought by colonial powers.

Written language is a later development than civilization and most civilizations adopted writing from other near by civilizations that developed it first. The hall mark of an uncivilized people is the lack of cities with Stone or Brick buildings. Africa reached larger mud hut type buildings(not brick) before Europeans showed up.


143 posted on 04/24/2016 12:07:26 PM PDT by RedWulf ((Trump supporter))
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To: Alberta's Child

Well, if the climate is warm and mild, and there is food in relative abundance without having to labor for it, then to many if not most there appears to be no pressing need to do what others in less forgiving climates have to do just to survive.


144 posted on 04/24/2016 12:10:28 PM PDT by RegulatorCountry
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To: sphinx

Well said.


145 posted on 04/24/2016 12:15:15 PM PDT by Bigg Red (Keep calm and Pray on.)
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To: MinorityRepublican

Amazing how the genetic diversity in Venezuela changed (apparently) in less than one generation.


146 posted on 04/24/2016 12:18:34 PM PDT by Stosh
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To: Sooth2222

I think Israel is at the top of the charts? No?


147 posted on 04/24/2016 12:23:07 PM PDT by castlegreyskull
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To: MinorityRepublican

But they’ve had enough generations of consanguinity due to Islamic mores that they’re not particularly well off any more.


148 posted on 04/24/2016 12:28:20 PM PDT by FreedomPoster (Islam delenda est)
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To: MinorityRepublican

What a ridiculous premise. The reason why some countries are more prosperous is called Social and cultural evolution. A society that undergoes this process learns lessons, skills, values and attributes that help it create a healthy, prosperous and modern society.


149 posted on 04/24/2016 12:28:21 PM PDT by amnestynone (We are asked by people who do not tolerate us to tolerate the intolerable in the name of tolerance.)
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To: roadcat
At my age we usually only present the intro, and the rest is understood.

Most times we simply call out the number, and everybody laughs, except if someone doesn't know how to call out the number.

:-)

150 posted on 04/24/2016 12:36:12 PM PDT by going hot
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To: castlegreyskull

Lots of muslims live there...


151 posted on 04/24/2016 12:39:34 PM PDT by null and void ("when authority began inspiring contempt, it had stopped being authority" ~ H. Beam Piper)
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To: RedWulf
...t took 1000 years from the point where the Germans encountered the Romans to become fully civilized...

Perceptive observation. It took the acceptance of Christianity to transform European tribal culture.

Africa actually degenerated with the spread of Islam.

152 posted on 04/24/2016 12:44:17 PM PDT by jjotto ("Ya could look it up!")
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To: Aria

It was warm in Carthage and Babylonia and Syracuse and much of Persia

I agree on the surface it looks better


153 posted on 04/24/2016 12:44:25 PM PDT by wardaddy (gonna need a lot of rope and lamposts and gibbets after this primary season.....)
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To: Roman_War_Criminal

Yes we really do need to express the obvious
It would be a huge step

Some groups are smarter and more logical on average than others

And some of the defining characteristics are racial

They are not less smart on average due to their skin color

Nor are there not exceptions that exceed the mean of tropical Africans and all other racially defined groups and sub groups and hybrids

And at the bottom is geographic and culture influenced evolution

Blacks are on average lagging everywhere they exist

Amerindians same thing

Arabs too....largely ...distinct racial sub group....also stunted by a raider religion

You can easily look within any racial group and find who excels and who doesn’t and it does carry forth genetically as does lack of intelligence

I see it all around me even in my own kids


154 posted on 04/24/2016 12:52:59 PM PDT by wardaddy (gonna need a lot of rope and lamposts and gibbets after this primary season.....)
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To: MinorityRepublican

Years ago I saw a cartoon that showed a black guy standing in front of a barb-wire fence that had a sign labeled “Apartheid” - he had just tunneled out of that compound.

Ahead of him was a much higher wall of solid stone with the sign “Tribalism”.

That’s it in a nutshell.


155 posted on 04/24/2016 1:02:29 PM PDT by Oatka (Beware of an old man in a profession where men usually die young.)
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To: MinorityRepublican

Diversity is not what’s important. What’s important is the average IQ of the population in question, and whether they have a culture which stresses honesty and fair dealing.


156 posted on 04/24/2016 1:03:00 PM PDT by PapaBear3625 (Big government is attractive to those who think that THEY will be in control of it.)
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To: Mears

To even examine this subject is inherently racist.

</s>


157 posted on 04/24/2016 1:06:14 PM PDT by The Antiyuppie ("When small men cast long shadows, then it is very late in the day".)
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To: MinorityRepublican

Because African tyrants’ greed suck the incentive out of any economic enterprise. Like what’s happening here.


158 posted on 04/24/2016 1:10:07 PM PDT by Spok ("What're you going to believe-me or your own eyes?" -Marx (Groucho))
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To: SpaceBar
The elephant in the room is race and genetics. No one wants to be called a nazi, which has already happened on this thread, but everyone secretly knows it. If you somehow magically transposed the populations of 19’th century Europe and Africa, in a few decades Africa would be transformed into a modern first world region, and Europe would descend into apocalyptic barbarism, much like what Africa is today.

If it's genetics, why do Americans from the West Indies (Africans) do better economically than whites?

Why were literacy rates higher for blacks than whites in America 100+ years ago?

In the days of segregation, some of the highest achieving high schools in the country were poor, black, inner-city schools.

A lot of people around here who think they're conservative actually have the same view of liberty as Bernie Sanders. Africa has been plagued by socialist despotism since the colonial powers left. That is gradually changing. There is no reason why they can't do what Hong Kong did.

159 posted on 04/24/2016 1:14:05 PM PDT by Forgotten Amendments (Nessie ... Sasquatch ... The Free Syrian Army ...)
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To: MinorityRepublican
a wider spectrum of traits is more likely to be complementary to the development and successful implementation of advanced technological paradigms,

That's an assumption that correlates to the statistical evidence, but cannot be linked causally. In fact, genetically homogenous cultures like Japan belie that thesis.

It is just as likely that Europe, being largely settled by Judeo-Christian peoples, have adopted that religious framework's philosophy of hard work, honorable behavior, and familial responsibility. Whereas the animistic religions of Africa impose fewer restraints on behavior. It is a certainty that islime discourages innovation and creativity, two efforts largely responsible for the increased productivity -- and profitability -- of European civilizations.

Then there are geographic and weather considerations. Where lush tropical growth occurs unabated, and the weather is balmy all year round, you are less inclined to anticipate cyclical shortages of food and forage. In harsher climates, one must work hard during the productive seasons to lay up supplies that will carry you through the winter months.

Or, an un-PC as it might be, maybe there are differences in intelligence among the prevalent races in Africa, Europe, and Asia.

160 posted on 04/24/2016 1:19:06 PM PDT by IronJack
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