Posted on 07/03/2015 4:55:30 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson
Winston S. Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy
http://www.etherit.co.uk/month/6/03.htm
July 3rd, 1945 (TUESDAY)
GERMANY: US occupation troops arrive in Berlin. (Pat Holscher)
BORNEO: Sepinggan airfield falls to the 7th Australian Division. Thirteenth Air Force B-24s plus carrier-based Navy and Marine aircraft continue to support the Australian forces around Balikpapan, Borneo. Headquarters of the Royal Australian Air Force’s (RAAF’s) First Tactical Air Force lands and they assume operational control of all air support missions.
JAPAN: The USAAF’s XXI Bomber Command of the Twentieth Air Force in the Mariana Islands, dispatches 509 B-29s to participate in 1 mining and 4 incendiary missions during the night of 3/4 July; 3 B-29s are lost:
Mission 246: 26 B-29s mine Shimonoseki Strait and waters at Funakawa and Maizuru during the predawn hours of the 4th; 2 other B-29s mine alternate targets. This is the last mine laying mission of Phase IV of Operation STARVATION, the mining campaign carried out by B-29s.
Mission 247: 116 B-29s attack the Takamatsu urban area destroying 1.4 sq mi (4.6 sq km), 78% of the city; 3 other hit alternate targets; 2 B-29s are lost.
Mission 248: 125 B-29s hit the Kochi urban area destroying 0.92 sq mi (3.0 sq km), 48% of the city; 1 B-29 is lost.
Mission 249: 106 B-29s attack Himeji urban area destroying 1.216 sq mi (3.99 sq km), 63.3% of the city.
Mission 250: 129 B-29s hit the Tokushima urban area destroying 1.7 sq mi (5.6 sq km), 74% of the city; 2 B-29s attack alternate targets.
CANADA: Corvette HMCS Dunvegan paid off Sydney Nova Scotia.
Corvette HMCS Quesnel paid off Sorel, Province of Quebec.
Frigate HMCS Antigonish commenced tropicalization refit Pictou Nova Scotia.
Corp. James P. Newman: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=44436099
That Harold Stassen guy sounds like he might be a good presidential candidate one day.
He also seems pretty good at predicting the future.
pneumatic breakwaters
Here is the info from HyperWar
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Logistics1/USA-E-Logistics1-7.html
One of the more novel solutions suggested was the creation of an “air breakwater.” By the use of pipes on the ocean floor this scheme proposed to maintain a curtain of air bubbles which theoretically would interrupt the wave action and thus provide smooth waters inshore of the pipe.10 This idea was actually not new either. Studies along this line had been carried out in the United States forty years before, and both Russian and U.S. engineers had conducted model experiments since 1933, although without conclusive results. The bubble breakwater would have required such large power and compressor installations that it was impractical for breakwaters on the scale envisaged, and the idea was discarded as infeasible early in September 1943.11
Meanwhile experimentation was carried on with several other schemes. One of the earliest to receive attention was a device called the “lilo,” or “bombardon.” Li-lo was the trade name for an inflated rubber mattress used on the bathing beaches in England. A British Navy lieutenant had casually observed at a swimming pool one day that the Li-lo had the effect of breaking up wavelets formed on its windward side, creating calm water in its lee, and conceived the idea of constructing mammoth lilos for use as a floating breakwater. The idea was believed to have possibilities, and experimentation began in the summer of 1943. As first conceived the lilo—or BOMBARDON, the code name by which it was better known—had two basic components: a keel consisting of a hollow concrete tube 11 feet in diameter; and a canvas air bag above, about 12 feet in diameter and extending the entire length of the unit. The keel could be flooded and submerged while the air bag extended above water. The BOMBARDONS were 200 feet long and had a 12-foot beam and a 13-foot draft, the concrete keel alone weighing about 750 tons. The first designs called for a rubberized canvas air bag, and a few units of this type were constructed. Since they were vulnerable to puncture by small arms fire, however, later designs provided for a steel cruciform superstructure, about 25 feet in width.12
In essence the BOMBARDON breakwater would consist of a string of huge, air-filled, cylindrical floats, moored at each end, but laced together to form a thin screen of air which was intended to break up wave action and thus provide sheltered water. The BOMBARDONS were believed to have an advantage over sunken blockships since they could be moored in comparatively deep water and thus provide sheltered water for the deeper-draft Liberties.13 Nevertheless, from the very beginning there were doubts about their effectiveness and feasibility, and they were never expected to do more than dampen wave action and provide anchorage supplementary to the main harbor for deep-draft ships.
Meanwhile experimentation had gone forward on another solution to the problem— the caisson, or POENIX, which eventually was to constitute the main element in the breakwater forming the harbor. The PHOENIXES were huge, rectangular, concrete, cellular barges designed to perform much the same function as sunken blockships. Their main specification was that they have sufficient weight and strength to withstand summer Channel weather; at the same time they had to be towable, easily sinkable, and of simple enough design to be constructed with a
—273—
League of Nations.
April 18, 1946, finally gone?
Page 15—the story about Cpl. James E. Newman of Ft. Worth TX, brought home to die in his room at home after being a Jap POW for years:
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Newman&GSmid=46565786&GRid=44436099&;
Here is he rest of the story.
JAPANESE LEAVE AUSTRIA
33 From Berlin Embassy will be Exchanged for U.S. Captives
Departed with this message from Pfc Michael Cipkowski, “You won’t recognize your country when you get back.”
US women flying planes wearing “mickey mouse outfits”.
Mickey mouse outfit was common slang when I was growing up but it appears to have been scrubbed from the internet...........
Did find this though: http://www.opsecprofessionals.org/lockheed.html
And here it is again, but it appears so old, it has to be explained.......................
http://hfboards.hockeysfuture.com/showthread.php?t=725151
The rest of the story regarding women pilots wearing clothes designed by Disney?
The answer may be here regarding Toyko Rose: http://www.oldradioshows.org/2012/11/the-japanese-propaganda-machine-of-world-war-ii-and-tokyo-rose/
Taking a job with Nippon Hoso Kyoka (NHK) radio, Iva would make her first foray into the world of Tokyo Rose. Introduced to the captured Australian officer, Major Charles Hughes Cousens, Toguri soon learned that authorities were interested in her English speaking skills. Cousens had been coerced into developing a propaganda program called Zero Hour. Not understanding the nuances of American culture, Cousens was able to circumvent Japanese authority and create a program that was heavy on entertainment.
Major Cousens is the one who actually recruited Toguri for the program. He was looking for someone who would understand the sarcasm he built into the propaganda. Two other fellow prisoners of war were in on the act. After complaining about grammar, Japanese authorities allowed them to write their own material. Iva took the name of Orphan Ann for her fifteen-minute broadcasts. The Allied plan was to sabotage the propaganda. Later, after her trial, former prisoners came forward to tell how Toguri was a model American and she did her best to sneak food and supplies to fellow prisoners.
a little more on the rest of the story. Note the time line. She is back broadcasting july and august of 1945. She was pardoned later in life. In hindsight, they did what they could do under the circumstances. The humor was subtle and I think todays article is an example.
http://www.oldradioshows.org/2012/11/the-japanese-propaganda-machine-of-world-war-ii-and-tokyo-rose/
The Zero Hour
In March 1943, the Japanese conscripted captured Australian radio personality Major Charles Hughes Cousens to start the Zero Hour program on Radio Tokyo. Broadcast in English from 6pm to 7:15pm everyday but Sunday, the Japanese intended it as a propaganda tool to undermine the morale of allied troops in the Pacific. However, Major Cousens planned to subvert the Zero Hour by using the program as a way to boost allied troop morale under the noses of the Japanese.
Prisoners of war U.S. Army Captain Wallace Ince and Filipino Lieutenant Norman Reyes, were also conscripted to work on the Zero Hour with Cousens. The three were able to take over writing the show’s scripts by feigning difficulty understanding the copy written by Radio Tokyo’s writers. Once they began writing their broadcasts, Cousens, Ince and Reyes were able to slip double-entendres, innuendos and sarcastic references past censors into their broadcasts.
Iva gained the trust of the Zero Hour broadcast crew by smuggling food and medicine to them and other POWs. She was also the only Japanese-American working at Radio Tokyo who had not renounced her U.S. citizenship. Several months after the Zero Hour went on the air Cousens’ Japanese bosses told him to add a woman broadcaster. Suspecting all the English speaking women at Radio Tokyo were Kempeitai spies except for Iva, Cousens suggested Iva for the job and his Japanese superior agreed. Iva reluctantly joined the Zero Hour crew after Cousen’s assured her she would only have to read scripts prepared by him and she would not have to say anything against American servicemen. Working for 150 yen a month (about $7), Iva’s first broadcast was in November 1943. 9
Iva Joins The Zero Hour
When she first started broadcasting Iva used the radio name of “Ann,” and it was later expanded to “Orphan Ann.” That name was appropriate given her situation in Japan and that she grew up a fan of “Little Orphan Annie.” Cousens was able to make the Zero Hour into a news and entertainment program that reduced the Japanese’s desired propaganda into being harmless rhetoric and spirit lifting music. The four members of the Zero Hour audaciously used the Japanese’s flagship radio station to wage war on them from behind enemy lines. 10 If the Japanese had known what the four were doing, they all could have been shot.
Iva tongue-in-cheek warned listeners during her 20 minute segment that it had “dangerous and wicked propaganda, so beware!” 11 An example of her program’s innocuous tongue-in-cheek dialogue is:
“Hello there, Enemies! How’s tricks? This is Ann of Radio Tokyo, and we’re just going to begin our regular program of music, news and the Zero Hour for our friends – I mean, our enemies! - in Australia and the South Pacific. So be on your guard, and mind the children don’t hear! All set? OK. Here’s the first blow to your morale – the Boston Pops playing “Strike Up The Band!” (music)” 12
U.S. military personnel also credited Iva with slipping serious things into her broadcasts like air raid warnings in the guise of bragging about Japanese military superiority. After the war a member of a B-24 Squadron wrote that she made comments such as:
“Hi, boys, this is your old friend, Orphan Annie. I’ve got some swell records just in from the states. You’d better listen to them while you can, because late tonight our flyers are coming over to bomb the 43rd group when you are all asleep. So listen while you are still alive.” 13
In describing the warnings he credited Iva with broadcasting on her program, that same serviceman wrote: “Almost without fail, the Jap bombers would come over. She was a better air raid system than our own.” 14 Other pilots acknowledged the help they thought she provided by letting them know Tokyo’s weather conditions. 15
Iva broadcasting her Orphan Ann program from Radio Tokyo’s studio
As the war dragged on, the Zero Hour underwent many changes. In June 1944 Cousens had a heart attack, Ince was fired from the program for insubordination, and Reyes was looked upon as a “friendly alien” after Japan annexed The Philippines.
Iva had continued working at Domei after she started at Radio Tokyo, but she was fired from that job in the summer of 1944 for her openly pro-American views. When she found a replacement job at the Danish legation she attempted to resign from the Zero Hour, but her Japanese bosses refused to let her go.
After Cousens left the Zero Hour, Iva began writing her own scripts, modeling them after those he had written for her. In April 1945 Iva married Felipe d’Aquino, and she began to only sporadically show up to do her radio shift. The women that filled in for Iva during her frequent absences read the propaganda laden scripts written by Japanese personnel at Radio Tokyo.
In May 1945 the Kempeitai visited Iva and ordered her back to work at Radio Tokyo. She regularly hosted the “Orphan Ann” program from then until Japan’s surrender three months later in August 1945. During her 21 months on the Zero Hour, Iva broadcast a total of 340 programs. 16
Iva had every reason to expect she would be able to return to the U.S. soon after the war ended. After all, she was an American citizen refused passage to the U.S. before the war began; her requests to be interned with other trapped foreign nationals was rebuffed by Japanese authorities; although kept under scrutiny by the Kempetai she carried on a one woman war effort behind enemy lines by scavenging food and medicine for allied POWs; and she did everything possible to ensure her “Orphan Ann” radio program always boosted the spirits of allied servicemen.
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