China Blacks Out YouTube After Tibetan Riot Videos Appear

As Tibetans -- led by Buddhist monks -- rioted in the capital city of Lhasa, burning Chinese-owned businesses and attacking Chinese, Beijing clamped down on YouTube and other media outlets depicting the violence.

The trouble began a week ago, when Buddhist monks demonstrated peacefully March 10 on the anniversary of a failed uprising against Chinese rule in 1959 that culminated in the Dalai Lama and most of the leading Buddhist monks in Tibet fleeing into exile. Friday, things went sour, with anti-Chinese violence erupting.

Access to YouTube was blocked after about 20 videos of the violence in Tibet were shown on the site. These were mainly of foreign news reports and montages of photos taken at the scene in Lhasa and of protests overseas.

China-based video Web sites such as 56.com, Youku.com and Tudou.com did not post any protest scenes, and it's believed the Chinese government warned them against doing so.

Protests Widespread on Monday, China denounced attacks on its embassies by pro-Tibetan activists and called on other countries to protect its diplomatic personnel.

Anti-Chinese rallies were held in several cities abroad. The Chinese embassy in San Francisco, for example, was besieged all day by raucous pro-Tibetan activists under the watchful eye of the city's police officers.

Meanwhile, about 40 students staged a sit-down protest at the Central University for Nationalities, an elite school for ethnic minorities in Beijing, as police kept watch.

In Gansu Province's Maqu County, thousands of monks and Tibetan civilians clashed with police in various locations, injuring several police officers, who said they were unarmed. In neighboring Sichuan Province, clashes between monks and police erupted Sunday.

In Nepal, police forcibly dispersed about 100 Tibetan protesters and Buddhist monks near the main UN offices in Katmandu, and arrested more than 40 people.

Stomping the Media In the wake of the riots, officials expelled foreign reporters from Tibetan enclaves in Qinghai and Gansu provinces.

Meanwhile, police booted out reporters from three Hong Kong TV stations -- Cable TV, TVB and ATV -- and made TVB cameramen delete their footage of the violence that erupted Friday, according to the station.

YouTube's reaction was, to put it mildly, restrained: "We understand there are reports of users being unable to access YouTube within the People's Republic of China," the company said. "We are looking into the matter, and working to ensure that the service is restored as soon as possible."

Not-So-Big Brother Beijing's blocking of the Web sites was not 100 percent effective: Tests by researchers at UC Davis and the University of New Mexico showed that banned words reached their destinations on about 28 percent of the paths they tested. Filtering was least effective during periods of heavy Internet traffic.

"It's a cat-and-mouse game," Micah Sifry, editor of Personal Democracy Forum, told TechNewsWorld. "The technology seems to get adapted for all kinds of unexpected uses by people once they get their hands on it, and governments seem to constantly be playing catch-up to try to prevent its spread."

In Cuba, for example, where the government has "really clamped down on Internet access" and there is an "infinitesimal" number of Internet cafes, people download information onto a memory chip then lend the chip to their friends who plug it into their cell phones, Sifry said.

"Even if you don't have ubiquitous wireless and other forms of connectivity, when you try and suppress information, people will find a way around it," he added.

The Ramifications Beijing accuses the Dalai Lama and Tibetan nationalists of stirring up trouble before the 2008 Olympics in the hopes of getting people to boycott the Games. That, however, is not likely.

While condemning the violence, the EU has ruled out boycotting the Olympics. Russia expressed its hope that China would do what was necessary to curtail unlawful actions in Tibet.

What the protests do highlight, however, is the power of the Internet and citizen journalism.

"Technology is shifting power away from centralized institutions into the hands of decentralized networked groups, and this is going to play out across our societies," Sifry said. "We're all learning how to adapt to that changed world and it's going to have great benefits and great pitfalls."

March 17, 2008 12:12 PM PDT

YouTube ban only erodes China's image

Protests break out in some nation around the globe and one of the first things a media-shy government does--just after sending in riot police--is pull the plug on YouTube.

The latest example is China's handling of protests in Tibet. The Chinese government has blocked access to YouTube in that country after scores of clips showing violence between police and protesters were posted to the site, according to hundreds of reports found on Google News.

On a trip to China in 2007, News.com reporter Michael Kanellos visited the offices of KU6.com, a rapidly growing video-sharing site in China. Here, KU6 workers review videos for "inappropriate" content before they can be posted.

(Credit: Michael Kanellos/CNET News.com)

Scores of other media outlets have been blocked or partially blacked out in China, including broadcasts of CNN, the BBC World, and Google News. But it's YouTube that gets all the ink.

In an example of YouTube's influence, blocking access to the video-sharing site is now a sort of scarlet letter for governments. The site, which allows individuals to communicate with mass audiences, has become a symbol of free speech to many, and governments that forbid it are immediately branded around the world as repressive.

This kind of image can't be welcomed by China as it prepares to host this summer's Olympic Games in Beijing.

In its report on China's YouTube ban, The New York Times asks whether the Internet and its ability to enable individuals to communicate with large audiences can stand up to a "ruthless government."

The Web publication for British newspaper The Times wrote Monday: "YouTube has been blocked in the past, and the so-called Great Firewall of China prevents discussion of and searches for many sensitive topics, such as the Tiananmen Square protests."

The ban was reported in newspapers in a host of other countries including Russia, Turkey, Canada, and Ireland.

China is obviously no fan of user-generated content. In January, the Chinese government tried to impose a rule whereby only state-run companies could post videos to the Web. The measure was quickly altered after people began raising questions about freedom of speech.

The country's authorities routinely block sites such as Wikipedia, the BBC, and even live TV transmissions to hinder publication of stories on the Dalai Lama, Falun Gong, or even stories critical of leaders or governments that China is trying to build better relationships with. Last May, while reporter Michael Kanellos watched a CNN story on Myannmar from a hotel in Beijing, the screen went blank. CNN only returned when a the news station was broadcasting a different story.

The Great Firewall of China isn't perfect, and it will alternate between blocking particular sites and allowing particular sites, but it does make it more difficult for Chinese citizens to get full information or news stories, according to some analysts. In January, the government initiated a new crackdown on video-sharing sites.

The Firewall also seems to allow Westerners to view objectionable material in China, while blocking it for Chinese readers. Conceivably, this could be a technique to blunt criticism from the West.

On an Internet connection from a room in a Western-owned hotel, censorship is fairly light. Hundreds of images of the Tiananmen Massacre of 1989 pop up on Google Images, particularly images of "Tank Man." News stories, or at least headlines, on controversial subjects come up as well. In an Internet cafe, far fewer images of "Tank Man" come up, but they can still be found. A few videos of the riots can also be seen on second-tier video sites like Veoh Networks.

But those results come when the search is conducted in English. Searching for Tiananmen Square on Google's Chinese Image site with Chinese characters reveals no pictures of the riots in 14 pages of images. The only one--on 14 pages of results--that relates to the 1989 riots is a picture of the Goddess of Liberty. On Baidu, the more popular Chinese Web search site, not even that comes up.

In the latest controversy, the Chinese government may have been spooked by what happened in Myanmar last year. Clips of troops clashing with protesters were widely videotaped and posted to YouTube before the site was blacked out in Myanmar. By then it was too late. World condemnation of the crackdown was only spurred on by the YouTube ban.

Perhaps the poster child for bans gone wrong is Pakistan. The government there was angered over videos it found disrespectful to Islam and demanded YouTube be blocked. An ISP in Pakistan goofed and erroneously shut down access to YouTube around the world. The government lifted the ban soon after.

The other important issue in all this is how Google will respond to China's ban. A representative said that the company is "looking into the matter," and trying to "ensure that the service is restored as soon as possible."

But what happens if China wants Google to begin self censoring videos or wants to know the names of the people who posted the clips of the Tibet violence?

Yahoo can be used as a model of what can go wrong when negotiating with the Chinese government. The portal handed over information about a journalist who was sentenced to an eight-year prison sentence for posting comments critical of the government online. Yahoo's action has been widely condemned for the action ever since.

CNET News.com staff writer Michael Kanellos contributed to this report.

http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9895796-7.html?tag=newsmap

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

"Mr. Bush, you found it in your heart to save Kosovo, please extend your mercies to my beloved land of Tibet"