Posted on 02/16/2022 11:58:02 AM PST by Kevmo
Experimental Status of LENR
David J. Nagel George Washington University
NUCAT Energy LLC
LENRIA Corporation
ARPA-E Workshop on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions
21-22 October 2021
Goals & Outline of this Presentation:
Provide background on LENR Experiments
Give a few examples of promising approaches to repeatable LENR experiments that could be understandable and acceptable to the broader scientific community
Provide a brief summary of the entire LENR field.
Fundamental Considerations for any LENR Experiments:
What was done? Equipment, Materials and Protocols
What was found in the original & subsequent experiments ?
Experimental Approaches to LENR: The Reactants, How to Join Them and What to Measure
Materials Methods Measurements
Pd & Alloys Ni & Alloys Other Materials Sources of H or D Excess Nuclear Prompt Low Energy D (or P) P (or D) P or D Means of Loading: Heat Products Radiations Emissions
The two most common combinations of reactants are Pd with D and Ni with H. The two most common ways to get the Protons or Deuterons are electrolysis of water and dissociation of hot H2 or D2 gases.
Materials change during LENR experiments due to loading. 3 LENR experiments require bringing together hydrogen isotopes and materials.
Adequate concentrations are needed for sufficient reactions for measurements. Reaction mechanisms require interactions of reactants, which require motions.
Challenges to Highlighting Particular Experiments: What factors are most important in identifying “repeatable LENR experiments that could be understandable and acceptable to the broader scientific community”
Multiple factors are important, including:
The complexity of experiments is a factor.
The types of measurements play a major role.
The magnitude of produced LENR thermal power is important both scientifically and practically.
The types of nuclear products that are measured provide important information on reactions.
Particular Experiments Worth Detailed Attention: Arata and Zhang: “Double Structure Cathode” Electrochemical Experiments Measured both LENR heat and nuclear products
Swartz: Electrochemical Loading of Palladium Coil PHUSORTM Dry Loaded Two-Terminal NANORTM Careful Calibration and LENR heat measurements Storms: Electrochemical Loading of Compacted Powders. Temperature-dependent LENR heat measurements.
Transmutation Experiments. Helium, which is correlated with heat generation. Production of Other Elements There are MANY other worthwhile experiments to consider !
Methods for Calorimetry during LENR Experiments: Thermal Barrier: [Temperature] Heat Flow Calorimeters
No Thermal Barrier: Seebeck [Voltage] Water [Ordinary Temperatures]
Mass Flow Calorimeters Oil [Elevated Temperatures]
Calorimeters are NOT Sensitive: 1 mW is limit of good LENR calorimeters. 1 mW =3 x 108 24 MeV reactions/second
Noise limits the performance of LENR calorimeters
“Double Structure Cathode” from Arata and Zhang 30 kJ/hr = 8.4 W 100 days
High purity Deuterium gas at high pressures
Y. Arata and Y.-C. Zhang,
“Cold Fusion Reactions Driven by ‘Lattice Quake’” Proc. Japan Academy, 71, Ser. B (1995)
Replication of Arata Experiments at SRI International
M. C. H. McKubre, F. Tanzella, P. Tripodi1 and P. L. Hagelstein “The Emergence of a Coherent Explanation for Anomalies Observed in D/Pd and H/Pd System: Evidence for 4He and 3He Production” in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna (2000)
Swartz PHUSORTM Electrochemical Experiment M. Swartz and G. Verner, “Dual Ohmic Controls Improve Understanding of ‘Heat after Death’“ Transactions American Nuclear Society, vol. 93, pp. 891-892 (2005)
Swartz NANORTM Dry Mixture Experiment M. R. Swartz, “CF/LANR Excess Heat Activates Shape Memory Alloys” presented at ICCF-23 (June 2021)
Storms’ Electrochemical and Gas Experiments Production of LENR power by electrochemical and gas loading of solid and compacted powder samples of Palladium and Nickel.
Temperature variation experiments that give activation energies. E. Storms, “The Nature of the D+D Fusion Reaction in Palladium and Nickel”, ICCF-23, June 2021 Temperature Variations: Plots from Tsinghusa University
Methods for Measuring Reaction Products in LENR Experiments: new elements during and after an experiment
Need to measure elements present before the experiment
Many Analytical Methods are Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_analysis_methods https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_materials_analysis_methods
These web sites list over one hundred methods, many relevant to measurement of LENR products. Only about two dozen methods have been use for the study of LENR reaction products.
The detection limits of various analytical methods vary widely. They depend on the features of the method and the instruments. Composition (and Structure) of materials varies in space and time.
Noise limits the performance of Analytical Methods.
Helium Production in LENR Experiments In ordinary (hot) D-D fusion, one in ten million events produces a He-4 and a 23.8 MeV gamma ray. Helium is Produced in LENR Experiments AND Correlated with the Production of Energy in the Same Experiments:
Experiments by Compilation by McKubre and Colleagues
Storms Production of Other Elements in LENR Experiments G. H. Miley,
“Possible evidence of anomalous energy effects in H/D-loaded solids – Low energy nuclear reactions (LENR)”, Reaction Products Induced by Cathodic Electrolysis in Pd”,
T. Mizuno, T. Ohmori, and M. Enyo,
“Isotopic Changes of the Mass Number Journal of New Energy, Vol 2 (3-4), pp. 6-13 (1997) Journal of New Energy, vol. 1 (3), pp. 31-45 (1996)
E. Storms “The Science of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction” p. 96, World Scientific (2007).
Summary on Experimental Status of LENR
Diverse global experiments for one-third of a century have shown LENR occur and they do, indeed, involve nuclear reactions.
The experiments pose a challenging scientific problem, and indicate significant practical promise at the time when new clean energy sources are needed.
Past experiments have suffered from being uncoordinated, and from lack of funding for needed parametric studies and for the employment of available modern tools.
The results have suffered from ignore-ance by the broader scientific community due to the bad reputation of the field and lack of funding.
The single most important claim from one-third of a century of experimental research on LENR is:
Nuclear reactions can be caused by use of chemical energies.
Thermal energy is measured that cannot be explained by known chemical reactions:
2000 eV/atom and 50 kW/cm3
Products that cannot come from chemical reactions: Tritium, Helium and Many Other Nuclei.
Exciting New Science
Experimental Results Suggest Practical Promise:
Getting MeV by using eV enables high energy gains, and high energy gains portend low-cost power.
Experiments have shown that LENR have other promising features:
High power densities. Lack of dangerous radiation. Little radioactive waste. No greenhouse gas emission.
Potential Clean Energy
Potential LENR Advantages and Impacts
High Energy Gains User Friendly (like HVAC Systems)
Sustained (“Burning”) Reactions Adequately Low Capital Cost
Production of Heat and Low Operational Cost
Generation of Electricity Easy Operation and Refueling
Opportunities for Optimization Long Times Between Refueling
Potentially Safe Operation Long Operational Lifetime
Fail Safe Operation seems Possible Abundant Hydrogen Fuel
Likely Radiation Safety Abundant Nickel or Other Fuels
No Input Radioactive Materials Low Cost Power: 5 cents.…$100+
Adequately Safe Input Chemicals Distributed LENR Generators
Possibly Beneficial Waste Relief for the Power Grid
Negligible Radioactive Waste Fewer Large Power Stations
No Chemically Dangerous Waste Easy Disposal of LENR Generators
No Greenhouse Gas Emission Rapid Adoption Once on the Market
Less Environmental Degradation Many Potential Applications
Possible Silent Operation Proliferation of Electricity
High Energy Density Lifestyle Improvements
Lightweight Systems Better Connectivity and Education
Portable Energy Systems Production of Clean Water
Scalability (Diverse Power Levels) Historical Health Improvements
Information on LENR
The International Conferences on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science have been a primary global forum for the field over the decades since Fleischmann and Pons announced their ability to produce excess heat energy. The meetings were initially known as the International Conference on Cold Fusion, with the abbreviation of ICCF, which has been retained. The primary topic of the field came to be called Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), although there are about twenty other names for the subject
LINKS
www.lenr-canr.org
[1] http://www.infinite-energy.com/images/pdfs/NagelIE103.pdf
[2] http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.pdf
[3] https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/publications.htm.
[4] http://coldfusioncommunity.net/jcmns/
[5] http://jcfrs.org/newe.html
[6] https://iscmns.org/work14/index.htm
[7] https://iscmns.org/conferences/25thrussianconference/
[10] https://www.iscmns.org/library.htm.
[11] http://www.infinite-energy.com/whoarewe/whoarewe.html
[12] http://news.newenergytimes.net/.
[13] https://theworld.com/~mica/cft.html
[14] http://coldfusionnow.org/.
[15] http://coldfusioncommunity.net/portal/
[16] https://www.academia.edu/17964553/Condensed_Matter_Nuclear_Science_October_2015
[17] https://www.lenr-forum.com/
More Information on LENR
Several web sites are devoted to presenting information on LENR. One has a library with thousands of articles, many of which can be downloaded
[1]. Links to the proceedings of many of the ICCFs are on the web
[2]. Proceedings of the recent ICCF conferences are published by the Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
[3]. An index to the JCMNS volumes is available
[4]. Proceedings of the 21 annual meetings of the Japan Cold Fusion Research Society are on line
[5]. Information on many of the fourteen International Workshops on Anomalies in Hydrogen Loaded Metals is also on the internet
[6]. The 25th Russian Conference on Cold Nuclear Transmutations and Ball Lightning was held in October of 2018
[8] lenr.org = lenr-canr.org.
[9] J. Rothwell, “Tally of Cold Fusion Papers” (2009). Search “tally” at lenr.org.
[8]. There have been months when the average rate of downloading papers from that site was about one per minute. A 2009 tally of papers by Rothwell, the keeper of the web site, is available
[9]. There have been over four million downloads of LENR papers from that one web site. Many papers are available from the International Society for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
[10]. Other web sites are also useful resources on LENR, including the New Energy Foundation
[11], the New Energy Times
[12], Cold Fusion Times
[13], Cold Fusion Now
[14] and the ColdFusionCommunity
Note that some sites, and even current papers, continue to use the original name of the field, that is, “cold fusion”. Information on, and links to 48 refereed LENR papers from one laboratory since 1991, are on the web
[16]. There are also many books on LENR, two each by Storms & Kozima, & a 2020 book edited by Biberian.
Diverse information and commentary is available on the LENR Forum [17].
Infinite Energy magazine, Issue 113, pp. 9-21 (2014).
[8] lenr.org = www.lenr-canr.org
[9] J. Rothwell, “Tally of Cold Fusion Papers” (2009). Search “tally” at www.lenr-canr.org.
Wow! Thanks for the list!
DeepMind Has Trained an AI to Control Nuclear Fusion
https://www.wired.com/story/deepmind-ai-nuclear-fusion/
What is the status of Dr. Mizuno’s device?
Let’s make the Links section, links.
LINKS
[1] http://www.infinite-energy.com/images/pdfs/NagelIE103.pdf
[2] http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.pdf
[3] https://www.iscmns.org/CMNS/publications.htm.
[4] http://coldfusioncommunity.net/jcmns/
[5] http://jcfrs.org/newe.html
[6] https://iscmns.org/work14/index.htm
[7] https://iscmns.org/conferences/25thrussianconference/
[10] https://www.iscmns.org/library.htm.
[11] http://www.infinite-energy.com/whoarewe/whoarewe.html
[12] http://news.newenergytimes.net/.
[13] https://theworld.com/~mica/cft.html
[14] http://coldfusionnow.org/.
[15] http://coldfusioncommunity.net/portal/
[16] https://www.academia.edu/17964553/Condensed_Matter_Nuclear_Science_October_2015
[17] https://www.lenr-forum.com/
Cool. I presume you just reposted it as a post where auto-html is detected?
There were rumors a few years back when Google was looking into LENR. The rumor was that they had programmed their AI to look into fusion technology. It had downloaded all the experiments at www.lenr-canr.org and came up with dozens of reasons why LENR was the place to look for controlling Fusion — namely the low temperatures and 5 degrees of freedom of atoms in the lattice being severely restricted already.
Once you combine CMNS, Lattice-absorbed Hydrogen, and gigantic magnetic fields, the control of the fusion intersection probabilities become far greater.
Hmmm. Your #1?
Seagulling - meaning
Repeating the same thing over and over, especially in a large group, expecting the repetition to sway others or to have some added authority or power. Found especially in online debate communities when rules are cited repeatedly to silence an opposing viewpoint.
Progress of Reproducing the Mizuno’s Experiment in QiuRan Lab
12/6/2021, 1:36:10 AM · by Kevmo · 7 replies
ICCF-23, ^ | June 2021 | Hang Zhang and Si Chen
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/4018652/posts
Temperature Dependence of Maximum Excess Power in 3 New Experiments (Letts, Parkhomov, & Mizuno)
9/23/2021, 5:10:08 PM · by Kevmo · 5 replies
*Dept. of Engineering Physics & Dept. of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing CHINA ^ | June 2020 | S.X. Zheng* , G.S .Huang, Z.M. Dong, C.L .Liang, B. Liu, S. Chen, J. Tian, X.Z. Li
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3997620/posts
2 Peer Reviewed Replications of Mizuno’s Cold Fusion Experiments
4/5/2021, 11:12:52 AM · by Kevmo · 95 replies
Mizuno Tech ^ | 2020 | Centre for Energy Research, Bangalore
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3948054/posts
Method of controlling a chemically- induced nuclear reaction in metal nanoparticles
12/20/2013, 11:21:18 PM · by Kevmo · 18 replies
ICCF-18 Proceedings ^ | November 2013 preprint | Mizuno
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3103971/posts
You are being asked, once again, to leave these LENR threads alone. You are not welcome here. Start your own LENR thread. Best of luck.
We appreciate the information, formatting notwithstanding.
Strangely, the ping list post was removed by the moderator. I have FReepmailed JimRob and the sidebar mod asking why.
Correct. That doesn’t work in an OP, only in comments 2 and up.
That’s a lot easier than pasting all those links into an href = “ HTML phrase...
LOL, yes it is!
You mean this list ????
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That is the list of FReepers I ping the post TO. Check your FReepmail for the ping post itself.
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