Microscopy image of OLM cells. Scale bar – 20 µm.
Schematic diagram of a conceptual SWR model, including pyramidal cells (PC), basket cells (BC), bistratified cells (BS), axo-axonic cells (AAC)
and oriens-lacunosum moleculare cells (OLM). Thin lines represent dendritic arborizations and thick lines are axonal ones. Dashed lines represent
inputs arriving from CA3 through the Schaffer collaterals (blue) or the medial septum (MS, purple). The representative spiking activity of BS, BC
and PC cells during SWRs is shown above the corresponding cells. In the model, the BS cells will respond to the CA3 input by fast spiking which
abolishes dendritic electrogenesis and somatic bursting in the PCs. BC cells also spike fast and due to their recurrent inhibition, synchronize their
firing in ripple frequencies, imposing this rhythm on the BS population as well (red and green ripple-frequency spikes). Hence, PCs receive
synchronous ripple-frequency inhibitory inputs in their dendritic and perisomatic areas (green and red ripples) along with excitatory input in their
apical dendrites (blue, sharp-wave), yielding ripple-frequency intracellular oscillations and ripple phase-locked sparse firing (black trace). A schematic SWR LFP that would result from this activity is shown on left. AA cells also received the CA3 excitation, but respond only during the
initial stages of SWRs as MS inhibition later dominates (cyan trace). Finally, the OLM cell remains silent throughout the main SWR event, due to
the MS inhibition and the lack of any CA3 excitation, only being able to spike at later stages of SWRs when the excitation from CA1 cells has
built up (brown trace). Top timescale corresponds to LFPs; bottom one to all spiking and synaptic traces. All traces are conceptual and start at the
same timepoint.
And there are brain cells that react to every other stimulus. So then, what is your point?
The study done in mice is said to have far reaching implications for possible new drug treatments for people with anxiety disorders, uncontrollable emotion and most democrats. Scientists are working hard to ensure there will be enough treatment available by 2020, hoping to avoid another leftist meltdown when Trump wins again.
Hippocampus. Rosie O’Donnell’s alma mater?
I thought they might be there, but I was afraid to look.
I thought they might be there, but I was afraid to look.
Does the consumption of alcohol stimulate OLM cells?
Cocaine?
Meth?
Other drugs?
Oh great.
Here comes a Fear Ray.
Well, part of the secret’s in the amygdala: overactive amygdala - anxiety, paranoia; underactive - apathy, depression. It’s all connected somehow, some day it may all be clear.....
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Can we buy a few on EBay and get them injected into some of the senate and house leadership’s hippopotamuses??