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Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #40
Saturday, April 23, 2005


Africa
Stolen Obelisk is Returned to Sheba's Capital
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/20/2005 1:00:23 AM PDT· 6 replies · 207+ views


Times of London | April 20, 2005 | Andrew Heavens
AYALEW ASRESE was 14 when he heard that Benito Mussolini's invading Fascist troops had stolen an ancient granite obelisk from his homeland. Yesterday the 82-year-old Ethiopian watched a new generation of Italians bring home the first part of the 160-tonne monument, which dates from the 3rd century and is thought to be a grave marker for a king from the Axumite Empire. The bemedalled war veteran was one of hundreds of Ethiopians who crowded on to the tiny runway at Axum to greet the 1,700-year-old national symbol. They cheered, wept, chanted prayers and waved banners as a huge Antonov 124...
 

Anatolia
Layers of clustered apartments hide artifacts of ancient urban life
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/20/2005 9:26:57 AM PDT· 8 replies · 105+ views


San Francisco Chronicle | Monday, April 18, 2005 | David Perlman
But because of the spectacular female clay figures that the archaeologists have found in the excavated layers over the years, «atalhˆy¸k has become a draw for modern believers who hold to the idea that the neolithic people were ruled by a matriarchy whose central figure was a mother goddess... But to Ian Hodder of Stanford and Ruth Tringham of Berkeley, who will lead the expedition's 11th season at «atalhˆy¸k this summer, the evidence questions the notion of a mother goddess and a matriarchal society... Mellaart's mother goddess was found in a grain bin, and the Hodder team's 3-inch figurine was...
 

Was Troy a Metropolis? Homer Isn't Talking
  Posted by LostTribe
On News/Activism 10/21/2002 10:13:37 PM PDT· 17 replies · 89+ views


New York Times | October 22, 2002 | John Noble Wilford
Was Troy a Metropolis? Homer Isn't Talking By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD new Trojan War has broken out. In the warrior roles of Achilles and Hector are two respected professors on the same German university faculty who could not differ more fully and vehemently over what to make of the ruins at the presumed site in western Turkey of the legendary siege in the 13th century B.C. immortalized by Homer. One adversary, an archaeologist who has directed excavations there since 1988, contends that he has found telling evidence of Troy as a much larger and more important city than previously thought....
 

Ancient Egypt
7 corpses found in ancient Egyptian tomb
  Posted by SmithL
On News/Activism 04/21/2005 10:36:05 AM PDT· 25 replies · 594+ views


AP | 4/21/5
CAIRO, Egypt - Archaeologists digging in a 5,600-year-old funeral site in southern Egypt unearthed seven corpses believed to date to the era, as well as an intact figure of a cow's head carved from flint. The American-Egyptian excavation team made the discoveries in what they described as the largest funerary complex ever found that dates to the elusive 5-millenia-old Predynastic era, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said Wednesday. "This is a major discovery, and will add greatly to our knowledge of the period when Egypt was first becoming a nation," said Zahi Hawass, Egypt's chief archaeologist. The team working for...
 

Ancient Necropolis Found in Egypt (From earliest era of ancient Egypt, more than 5,000 years Old)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/21/2005 11:07:37 PM PDT· 6 replies · 280+ views


BBC | Thursday, 21 April, 2005
Archaeologists say they have found the largest funerary complex yet dating from the earliest era of ancient Egypt, more than 5,000 years ago. The necropolis was discovered by a joint US and Egyptian team in the Kom al-Ahmar region, around 600 km (370 miles) south of the capital, Cairo. Inside the tombs, the archaeologists found a cow's head carved from flint and the remains of seven people. They believe four of them were buried alive as human sacrifices. The remains survived despite the fact that the tombs were plundered in ancient times. Egypt's chief archaeologist, Zahi Hawass, said the discovery...
 

Egyptologists Find Tomb of Ancient Southern Ruler
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/20/2005 1:31:59 PM PDT· 16 replies · 597+ views


Reuters | Wed Apr 20, 2005
CAIRO (Reuters) - American archaeologists working in southern Egypt have found what they think is the tomb of a prehistoric ruler from the middle of the 4th millennium BC, the government's antiquities service said on Wednesday. A team led by Egyptologist Renee Friedman found the tomb at the site of ancient Hierakonpolis or Nekhen, close to the modern town of Edfu and one of the first places in the world identifiable as the capital of a significant political entity. The government's Supreme Council for Antiquities said in a statement that the rectangular tomb contained a wooden offering table and four...
 

Treasures of Tanis
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/22/2005 10:52:45 AM PDT· 9 replies · 115+ views


Archaeology | May/June 2005 | Bob Brier
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, an entire complex of royal tombs was found intact at Tanis, yielding four gold masks, solid silver coffins, and spectacular jewelry... The treasures are one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of all time... And while everyone knows Howard Carter's name, that of the excavator of Tanis is Egyptological trivia. It's Pierre Montet... Today, as Tutankhamun once again begins a royal procession through the United States, it is good to remember Tanis and its discoverer, Pierre Montet. The treasure of Tutankhamun may be more extensive, but Montet found three intact royal burials, an achievement...
 

Uncovering secret buried deep in past (Research into only Egyptian royal burial found outside Egypt)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/19/2005 1:21:38 AM PDT· 5 replies · 356+ views


Scotsman | JULIA HORTON
'Offering which the King gives to Osiris [God of the Dead]. He may give an offering of bread and beer, ox and fowl, for the soul of the estate manager Khnumhotep, son of Nebut." Dr Bill Manley reads out the mass of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics on the front of one of the ornate coffins on display at the Royal Museum as if he were reading words written in English. Peering at the jumble of symbols, it is possible to spot a bird for the fowl or buns for the bread and fool yourself that you too could translate hieroglyphics. But...
 

Ancient Greece
Albanian Temple Unearthed By UC Archeologists
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/19/2005 11:19:12 PM PDT· 7 replies · 89+ views


University of Cincinnati | April 12, 2005 | Carey Hoffman
A sculptural relief from Apollonia of the goddess Artemis.
 

Ancient Rome
`Impressive' villa mosaic unearthed near Caesarea
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/18/2005 6:35:32 PM PDT· 26 replies · 569+ views


Haaretz | April 17, 2005 | Amiram Barkat
A 500-square-meter mosaic depicting an intricate design of flamingos, peacocks, ducks and other animals that adorned the floor of a fifth-century C.E. villa, was unearthed recently on a hill overlooking the Mediterranean near Caesarea. Parts of the floor were first discovered in the 1950s by archaeologist Shmuel Yeivin. However, it was not fully excavated at the time due to budgetary constraints. This time, after an initial week-long excavation by Dr. Yosef Porat and Peter Gendelman of the Israel Antiquities Authority, the authority refused to continue the dig, citing a lack of funds. The Caesarea Development Corporation has agreed to pay...
 

Roman villas found under playing field
  Posted by LostTribe
On News/Activism 08/17/2002 10:13:48 PM PDT· 49 replies · 354+ views



Roman villas found under playing field By Catherine Milner, Arts Correspondent (Filed: 18/08/2002) The remains of two Roman villas have been found under a football pitch in Wiltshire in what is believed to be one of the most significant archaeological discoveries since the early 1960s. The houses, which were built for Roman aristocrats in about 350AD, have 40 rooms each and feature an extensive mosaic which is thought to be one of the biggest and best-preserved Roman examples ever found in Britain. Archaeologists from Bristol and Cardiff universities, who are carrying out the excavation, have also exhumed the body of...
 

Skeleton find could tell us more about the Roman way of death
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/16/2005 5:11:11 PM PDT· 19 replies · 903+ views


Yorkshire Post | 15 April 2005 | Paul Jeeves
ANOTHER headless skeleton discovered in York is among a series of gruesome archaeological finds which could hold the key to unlocking secrets behind Roman burial rituals. The latest discovery of human remains by archaeologists follows in the wake of another headless skeleton found shackled in a grave and a Roman mummy which was also unearthed in The Mount area of the city. A total of 57 bodies ñ 50 adults and seven children ñ and 14 sets of cremated remains have been found during excavations, most by the York Archaeological Trust at a site in Driffield Terrace. Archaeologists are now...
 

Asia
Genetic testing reveals awkward truth about Xinjiang's famous mummies (Caucasian)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/19/2005 9:08:48 PM PDT· 20 replies · 830+ views


Khaleej Times | 4-19-2005
Genetic testing reveals awkward truth about Xinjiang's famous mummiesM (AFP) 19 April 2005 URUMQI, China - After years of controversy and political intrigue, archaeologists using genetic testing have proven that Caucasians roamed China's Tarim Basin 1,000 years before East Asian people arrived. The research, which the Chinese government has appeared to have delayed making public out of concerns of fueling Uighur Muslim separatism in its western-most Xinjiang region, is based on a cache of ancient dried-out corpses that have been found around the Tarim Basin in recent decades. ìIt is unfortunate that the issue has been so politicized because it...
 

The Mysterious Tribe of Tuwa
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism 01/30/2004 6:35:04 AM PST· 11 replies · 252+ views


China Times | January 27, 2004 | by Chen Lin
The Mysterious Tribe of Tuwa-It's said that they originated from the old or wounded soldiers abandoned by Genghis Khan The Mysterious Tribe of Tuwa On the banks of the Kanas Lake, there live 2,000 Tuwas, a Mongolian tribe that have existed in this remote area of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for generations. They mainly inhabit the areas of Kanas, Hemu and Baihaba. Their primitive nomadic lifestyle seems to have been isolated from the modern civilization of the 21st century. They believe in Shamanism and Lamaism and keep the primitive worship of fire and other natural forces as their...
 

Nevada Scientists Are Working to Preserve Ancient Terra Cotta Warriors
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/18/2005 6:51:11 PM PDT· 15 replies · 454+ views


KLAS-TV | April 15, 2005 | George Knapp
One of the world's greatest archeological treasures is in serious trouble because of air pollution and scientists from Nevada are coming to the rescue. The terra cotta warriors were built on orders from the first emperor of China but were buried for more than 2,000 years. Scientists from Nevada's Desert Research Institute have been asked to join an international team looking for ways to keep the warriors from wasting away. The ruthless conqueror who became the first emperor of china wasn't a guy who thought small. Emperor Chin not only started the Great Wall of China, but also used hundreds...
 

Biology and Cryptobiology
Spectacular specimen: This bug's a big one - 8 feet long - and New Mexico scientists nabbed...
  Posted by demlosers
On News/Activism 04/22/2005 12:50:39 PM PDT· 91 replies · 2,136+ views


Albuquerque Tribune | April 14, 2005 | Sue Vorenberg
Spectacular specimen: This bug's a big one - 8 feet long - and New Mexico scientists nabbed some of its fossils Think mosquitoes and millipedes are nasty? Then don't look too deeply into New Mexico's past. Today, you can squish the tiny bugs, but 300 million years ago, 8-foot-long millipedes were in control of the landscape, and humans weren't even a gleam in evolution's eye. New Mexico is now a world record holder of such "exquisitely grotesque creatures," as one worker at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science calls them. Evidence of the largest arthropleura - its...
 

Catastrophism and Astronomy
Arizona Meteorite Crater Mystery Solved
  Posted by ZGuy
On News/Activism 03/09/2005 10:19:19 AM PST· 181 replies · 4,234+ views


AP via Yahoo | 3/9/05
It's a mystery that has puzzled scientists for years but researchers said Wednesday they have discovered why there isn't much melted rock at the famous Meteor Crater in northern Arizona. An iron meteorite traveling up to 12 miles per second was thought to have blasted out the huge hole measuring three-quarters of a mile across in the desert. The impact of an object at that speed should have left large volumes of melted rock at the site. But British and American scientists said the reason it didn't was because the meteorite was traveling slower than previously estimated. "We conclude that...
 

Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites
  Posted by uglybiker
On News/Activism 07/22/2004 10:25:27 PM PDT· 57 replies · 2,660+ views


European Space Agency | 7/21/04
Rare photo of a rogue wave Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites†21 July 2004Once dismissed as a nautical myth, freakish ocean waves that rise as tall as ten-storey apartment blocks have been accepted as a leading cause of large ship sinkings. Results from ESA's ERS satellites helped establish the widespread existence of these 'rogue' waves and are now being used to study their origins. † Severe weather has sunk more than 200 supertankers and container ships exceeding 200 metres in length during the last two decades. Rogue waves are believed to be the major cause in many such...
 

'Rogue waves' reported by mariners get scientific backing
  Posted by Rebelbase
On News/Activism 07/23/2004 1:25:25 AM PDT· 18 replies · 753+ views


yahoo news | 7/21/04 | unknown
PARIS (AFP) - European satellites have given confirmation to terrified mariners who describe seeing freak waves as tall as 10-storey buildings, the European Space Agency (ESA) said. "Rogue waves" have been the anecdotal cause behind scores of sinkings of vessels as large as container ships and supertankers over the past two decades. But evidence to support this has been sketchy, and many marine scientists have clung to statistical models that say monstrous deviations from the normal sea state only occur once every thousand years. Testing this promise, ESA tasked two of its Earth-scanning satellites, ERS-1 and ERS-2, to monitor the...
 

SHIP-SINKING MONSTER WAVES REVEALED BY ESA SATELLITES
  Posted by Yosemitest
On News/Activism 07/25/2004 12:36:29 AM PDT· 36 replies · 3,224+ views


European Space Agency.
| 21 July 2004

Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites † Rare photo of a rogue wave † † 21 July 2004 †Once dismissed as a nautical myth, freakish ocean waves that rise as tall as ten-storey apartment blocks have been accepted as a leading cause of large ship sinkings. Results from ESA's ERS satellites helped establish the widespread existence of these 'rogue' waves and are now being used to study their origins. †Severe weather has sunk more than 200 supertankers and container ships exceeding 200 metres in length during the last two decades. Rogue waves are believed to be the major...
 

Epigraphy and Language
Pompei Discovery For Swedish Archaeologists
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/17/2005 1:36:52 PM PDT· 46 replies · 870+ views


The Local | 4-17-2005
Published: 17th April 2005 11:48 BST+1 Pompei discovery for Swedish archeologists (AFP) Swedish archeologists have discovered a Stone Age settlement covered in ash under the ruins of the ancient city of Pompei, indicating that the volcano Vesuvius engulfed the area in lava more than 3,500 years before the famous 79 AD eruption. The archeologists recently found burnt wood and grains of corn in the earth under Pompei, Anne-Marie Leander Touati, a professor of archeology at Stockholm University who led the team, told AFP. "Carbon dating shows that the finds are from prehistoric times, that is, from 3,500 years BC," Leander...
 

WOW (Breakthrough in interpreting Oxyrhynchus Papyri)
  Posted by bitt
On Bloggers & Personal 04/17/2005 6:14:39 AM PDT· 47 replies · 1,784+ views


the Light of Reason | 4/17/05 | Arthur Silber?
For more than a century, it has caused excitement and frustration in equal measure ñ a collection of Greek and Roman writings so vast it could redraw the map of classical civilisation. If only it was legible. Now, in a breakthrough described as the classical equivalent of finding the holy grail, Oxford University scientists have employed infra-red technology to open up the hoard, known as the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, and with it the prospect that hundreds of lost Greek comedies, tragedies and epic poems will soon be revealed. In the past four days alone, Oxford's classicists have used it to make...
 

Decoded at last: the 'classical holy grail' that may rewrite the history of the world
  Posted by illbill
On Bloggers & Personal 04/17/2005 11:04:21 PM PDT· 9 replies · 234+ views


RealOpinion.com
For more than a century, it has caused excitement and frustration in equal measure - a collection of Greek and Roman writings so vast it could redraw the map of classical civilisation. If only it was legible. Now, in a breakthrough described as the classical equivalent of finding the holy grail, Oxford University scientists have employed infra-red technology to open up the hoard, known as the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, and with it the prospect that hundreds of lost Greek comedies, tragedies and epic poems will soon be revealed.
 

Infra-Red Brings Ancient Papyri to Light
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/20/2005 9:14:51 PM PDT· 9 replies · 322+ views


Sci-Tech Today | April 19, 2005
Oxyrhynchus, situated on a tributary of the Nile 100 miles south of Cairo, was a prosperous regional capital and the third city of Egypt, with 35,000 people. It was populated mainly by Greek immigrants, who left behind tons of papyri upon which slaves trained in Greek had documented the community's arts and goings-on. A vast array of previously unintelligible manuscripts from ancient Greece and Rome are being read for the first time thanks to infra-red light, in a breakthrough hailed as the classical equivalent of finding the holy grail. The technique could see the number of accounted-for ancient manuscripts increase...
 

India
Archaeological Gold Mine Unearthed In UP (Uttar Pradesh)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/20/2005 1:54:12 PM PDT· 28 replies · 552+ views


NDTV | 4-19-2005 | Aradhana Sharma
Archeological gold mine unearthed in UP Aradhana Sharma Tuesday, April 19, 2005 (Sanchankot): The residents of Sanchankot village in Uttar Pradesh on the banks on Sai river never knew they were sitting on an archeological goldmine. Excavations in the mounds here have revealed proof of civilizations of four different periods. The oldest being the Painted Grey Ware period dating from 1400 to 800 BC and the latest the Gupta period of the 4-6th century AD. A 10th century temple of the Pratihar dynasty has also been found during the excavations. ExcavationsThe archeological significance of the site has been known for...
 

Archeological gold mine unearthed in UP
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/20/2005 9:04:35 PM PDT· 9 replies · 326+ views


NDTV | Tuesday, April 19, 2005 | Aradhana Sharma
The residents of Sanchankot village in Uttar Pradesh on the banks on Sai river never knew they were sitting on an archeological goldmine. Excavations in the mounds here have revealed proof of civilizations of four different periods. The oldest being the Painted Grey Ware period dating from 1400 to 800 BC and the latest the Gupta period of the 4-6th century AD. A 10th century temple of the Pratihar dynasty has also been found during the excavations. Excavations on The archeological significance of the site has been known for almost 150 years now. And almost every one who has come...
 

Let's Have Jerusalem!
Squeezed Between Burma And Bangladesh, 'Descendents' Of Lost Tribe Of Israel Convert To Judaism
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/16/2005 9:11:40 PM PDT· 3 replies · 190+ views


The Telegraph (UK) | 4-17-2005 | David Orr
Squeezed between Burma and Bangladesh, 'descendants' of the Lost Tribes of Israel convert to Judaism By David Orr in Aizawl, Mizoram, NE India (Filed: 17/04/2005) Passover is around the corner and Arbi Khiangte is helping her aunt, Dovi, clean and redecorate her home for one of the most important feasts in the Jewish calendar. The house is next door to the Shalom Zion synagogue where Arbi's uncle, Eliezer, is the cantor. Like most buildings in Aizawl, the synagogue - a large, corrugated-iron structure - is perched precariously on a hillside with nothing but wooden stilts to stop it tumbling into...
 

Mesopotamia
Gilgamesh tomb believed found!
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism 04/29/2003 6:57:56 PM PDT· 60 replies · 633+ views


BBC | Published: 2003/04/29 07:57:11 | Editorial Staff
Gilgamesh tomb believed found Archaeologists in Iraq believe they may have found the lost tomb of King Gilgamesh - the subject of the oldest "book" in history. The Epic Of Gilgamesh - written by a Middle Eastern scholar 2,500 years before the birth of Christ - commemorated the life of the ruler of the city of Uruk, from which Iraq gets its name. Now, a German-led expedition has discovered what is thought to be the entire city of Uruk - including, where the Euphrates once flowed, the last resting place of its famous King. "I don't want to say...
 

Origins and Prehistory
Stone Age Cutups (Deathly Rituals Emerge at Neandertal Site)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/22/2005 11:36:48 PM PDT· 2 replies · 18+ views


RedNova News | Friday, 22 April 2005
After excavating a cache of Neandertal fossils about 100 years ago at Krapina Cave in what's now Croatia, researchers concluded that incisions on the ancient individuals' bones showed that they had been butchered and presumably eaten by their comrades. That claim has proved difficult to confirm. A new, high-tech analysis indicates that the Krapina Neandertals ritually dismembered corpses in ways that must have held symbolic meaning for the group-whether or not Neandertals ate those remains. Neandertals apparently possessed a facility for abstract thought that has often been regarded as unique to modern Homo sapiens, says study director Jill Cook of...
 

PreColumbian, Clovis, PreClovis
Clue To Earliest American May Lay In Suffolk Grave
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/21/2005 11:21:53 AM PDT· 14 replies · 449+ views


The Times (London) | 4-21-2005
April 21, 2005 Clue to earliest American may lie in Suffolk grave By David Sanderson A SAMPLE from the bones of a Suffolk woman buried 400 years ago is to be exhumed by scientists seeking to discover more about an English explorer who is the unsung founding father of America. Archaeologists are to crosscheck DNA from remains they believe belong to the explorer Bartholomew Gosnold with samples from his sister, who was thought to have been buried in a Suffolk churchyard in the 1600s. Church officials have given their backing to the project, which is thought to be the first...
 

Fig Island has remarkable examples of shell rings
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/19/2005 11:13:05 PM PDT· 3 replies · 119+ views


Associated Press | Sun, Apr. 17, 2005 | Joey Holleman
[V]egetation disguises one of the most important, and least appreciated, cultural history sites in the country, archaeologists say. Much of Fig Island was built by man, not nature. Three of the four separate pieces of high ground that make up the 40-acre island were constructed about 4,000 years ago. Oyster shells - with some conch-type shells, broken pottery and a few animal bones mixed in - were crafted into stadium-like rings and crescents for reasons that remain a mystery... The Fig Island complex features one ring with the largest open interior plaza (slightly more than an acre), another ring with...
 

Ancient Europe
Archaeologists unearth Celtic burial site
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/19/2005 10:54:50 PM PDT· 4 replies · 104+ views


Slovakia's English language newspaper | April 18 - April 24, 2005 | staff writer
Mari·n Samuel from the Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, told the SITA news agency that the most precious find on the early stone age, Neolithic settlement is a skeleton of what they believe was a 40-year-old woman buried in a squatting position. The site is believed to date back to between the 5th and 4th millennium BC.
 

The Goths and Later Germanic[CELTIC] Invaders
  Posted by LostTribe
On General/Chat 09/27/2002 7:07:12 PM PDT· 44 replies · 532+ views


University Web Site | Unk | Unknown
The Goths and Later Germanic Invaders Little is known about the early history of the Goths before they came into contact with the Romans. What little evidence we have indicates that they probably came from Scandinavia. In the first millennium B. C., they crossed the Baltic Sea and migrated into Northeastern Europe in the area occupied by Poland today. Later, they moved again and made their home in the area north of the Black Sea. Nobody knows for sure what caused these migrations but they became known as the Wanderings of the Peoples. Anthropologists speculate that changes in climate caused...
 

Neolithic France
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/21/2005 10:03:22 AM PDT· 5 replies · 119+ views


Archaeology | May/June 2005 | Jennifer Pinkowski
Recently, in one called PrissÈ-la-CharriËre (after the village it is near), archaeologists Roger Joussaume, Luc Laporte, and Chris Scarre found a communal sepulcher that no one had entered for 6,000 years, giving them a view of the burial practices of a people about whom little is known except that they were early farmers... Inside were the disarticulated remains of at least seven people, as well as two intact ceramic vessels. It was the third burial chamber they had found in the 300-foot-long mound. The other two held the partial remains of at least 11 more people... For the past 10...
 

Stonehenge 'King' Came from Central Europe
  Posted by CobaltBlue
On News/Activism 02/10/2003 12:47:31 PM PST· 26 replies · 81+ views


Science - Reuters | 2/10/03
LONDON (Reuters) - The construction of one of Britain's most famous ancient landmarks, the towering megaliths at Stonehenge in southern England, might have been supervised by the Swiss, or maybe even the Germans. Archaeologists studying the remains of a wealthy archer found in a 4,000-year-old grave exhumed near Stonehenge last year said Monday he was originally from the Alps region, probably modern-day Switzerland, Austria or Germany. "He would have been a very important person in the Stonehenge area and it is fascinating to think that someone from abroad -- probably modern-day Switzerland -- could have played an important part in...
 

Who Were The Celts?
  Posted by blam
On General/Chat 09/26/2002 8:29:44 AM PDT· 119 replies · 585+ views


Ibiblio.org | unknown
Who were the Celts? The Celts were a group of peoples that occupied lands stretching from the British Isles to Gallatia. The Celts had many dealings with other cultures that bordered the lands occupied by these peoples, and even though there is no written record of the Celts stemming from their own documents, we can piece together a fair picture of them from archeological evidence as well as historical accounts from other cultures. The first historical recorded encounter of a people displaying the cultural traits associated with the Celts comes from northern Italy around 400 BC, when a previously unkown...
 

Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Searching for Abbey's Hidden History
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/21/2005 11:20:16 PM PDT· 4 replies · 214+ views


This is Local ondon | Nic Brunetti
ARCHAEOLOGISTS are awaiting results of a geophysical survey carried out around Bisham Abbey last weekend which could reveal the long-lost history of the site. Bisham Abbey, off the A404 Marlow Bypass, is believed to date as far back as 1337, and a special survey hopes to reveal the original foundations of the ancient building. The modern abbey is currently the home of Sport England's National Sports Centre, and six volunteers took to the lawns of the tennis courts to try and detect the foundations. Using a resistivity meter, which sends an electrical current through the ground, the team searched for...
 

Thoroughly Modern Miscellany
Digging uncovers Shaker history(Archaeologists explore site of famous religious group's house in NY)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/18/2005 11:51:04 PM PDT· 8 replies · 222+ views


Albany Times Union | Monday, April 18, 2005 | JORDAN CARLEO-EVANGELIST
Archaeologists explore site of famous religious group's old seed house in Colonie COLONIE -- A team of archaeologists methodically sifted through clumps of dirt Sunday in an attempt to quickly document newly discovered artifacts on the old Shaker settlement just off Route 155. The find could further reveal the industriousness of the 18th-century religious sect at their first known American settlement, but it also lies directly in the path of a new sewer line serving Albany International Airport. A work crew digging a trench for the line on the county-owned land struck the foundation wall Friday of what experts say...
 

The Nobel for Neolithic Politics
  Posted by swilhelm73
On News/Activism 10/11/2004 3:05:01 PM PDT· 1 reply · 133+ views


TAS | 10/11/2004 | Christopher Orlet
In the late 1940s, the Swedish Academy finally got around to honoring the founders of the modernist literary movement. James Joyce was dead, so the Academy turned to the movement's other founder: Ezra Pound. But there were difficulties. Pound had been a supporter of Mussolini. Worse, he was an anti-Semite. True, he had been the intellectual force behind the greatest literary movement in the 20th century, but he was also an unabashed and unrepentant supporter of fascism. In the end the Nobel Prize Committee gave the award to T.S. Eliot, and asked him to share it with Joyce's ghost. But...
 

end of digest #40 20050423


213 posted on 04/23/2005 8:31:30 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (FR profiled updated Monday, April 11, 2005. Fewer graphics, faster loading.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 210 | View Replies ]


To: 7.62 x 51mm; 75thOVI; Adder; Androcles; albertp; asgardshill; BradyLS; Carolinamom; ...
Here's the weekly Gods Graves Glyphs ping list digest link:
Gods Graves Glyphs Digest 20050423
Please FREEPMAIL me if you want on, off, or alter the "Gods, Graves, Glyphs" PING list --
Archaeology/Anthropology/Ancient Cultures/Artifacts/Antiquities, etc.
The GGG Digest
-- Gods, Graves, Glyphs (alpha order)

214 posted on 04/23/2005 8:35:57 AM PDT by SunkenCiv (FR profiled updated Monday, April 11, 2005. Fewer graphics, faster loading.)
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Only a day late. I had a sinking feeling that a recent digest had omitted some recently added GGG topics, but I now don't think this is true. The plan is to build a bunch of comprehensive digests as individual messages (and not ping anyone) to compile a massive list thereof here in this topic. Of course, there's not much reason to do so, and I am A) backlogged with housework among other things, and B) lazy. Also, summer is my time of the year. As the Incredible String Band once said, "be glad".

There were no "Thoroughly Modern Miscellany" topics this week. Well done. :')

The usual way I handle the categories is to put the one-topic categories near the beginning, with the larger ones near the middle, and generally TMM and OSM near the end. This is already a day late, so I used the same order as last week. Enjoy, one and all.

Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #41
Saturday, April 30, 2005


Africa
Ancient Tombs Found Near Obelisk
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/26/2005 8:14:25 PM PDT · 14 replies · 469+ views


BBC | Tuesday, 26 April, 2005
The obelisks mark the graves of Axum's ancient rulers Archaeologists have found a vast new network of royal tombs in Ethiopia, near the site where the 1,700-year-old Axum obelisk is to be re-erected. Experts using sophisticated imaging equipment discovered the burial chambers, even older than the obelisk, under a 1963 car park, said the UN. The stone monoliths were originally erected to mark burial sites for deceased members of the aristocracy. The final piece of the Axum obelisk was flown home from Italy on Monday. The whole structure - seen as a national religious treasure - is to be re-erected...
 

Anatolia
Russian Culture Official Suggests Legendary Gold Collection From Troy Unlikely be Returned Germany
  Posted by LibWhacker
On News/Activism 02/27/2005 2:03:19 AM PST · 17 replies · 466+ views


AP | 2/27/05
MOSCOW (AP) - A legendary collection of gold objects from ancient Troy seized by Soviet troops in Berlin in 1945 should become Russian government property, a top Russian cultural official said in remarks published Saturday. But Anatoly Vilkov, deputy chief of the Russian agency that preserves the nation's cultural legacy, stopped short of ruling out the objects' return, as quoted by the newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets. The gold collection - excavated by amateur German archaeologist Hermann Schliemann - will be made federal property after it is inventoried, he said. It could be exhibited in Germany but only if its return is...
 

Ancient Egypt
Archaeologists Unearth Seals Used on Pharaonic Desert Missions (Needed Red Paint)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/29/2005 4:35:50 PM PDT · 19 replies · 482+ views


Middle East Times | April 29, 2005
CAIRO -- Egyptian archaeologists have discovered a number of rare Pharaonic seals of soldiers sent out on desert missions in search of red paint to decorate the Pyramids, Egypt's culture minister said on April 28. The 26 matchbox-sized seals belonged to Cheops, who ruled from 2551 to 2528 BC, in whose honor the greatest of the great pyramids of Giza southwest of Cairo was built, and show Pharaonic soldiers' ranks, the MENA news agency quoted Farouq Hosni as saying. "These seals were used by a mission sent by Cheops to collect ferric oxide, which is necessary to make red paint,"...
 

Ancient Greece
Mycenaean Port of Athens Found?
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/29/2005 9:40:45 PM PDT · 3 replies · 211+ views


Kathimerini | 4-28-2005
Archaeologists in the capital's southern coastal suburb of Palaio Faliro have uncovered what appear to be traces of ancient Athens's first port before the city's naval and shipping center was moved to Piraeus, a report said yesterday. A rescue excavation on a plot earmarked for development has revealed artifacts and light structures dating, with intervals, from Mycenaean times to the fifth century BC, when the port of Phaleron -- after which the modern suburb was named -- was superseded by Piraeus, according to Ta Nea daily. 'This is a port associated with two myths -- Theseus and the Argonauts -- ...
 

Mycenaean Port Of Athens Found
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/28/2005 11:00:05 AM PDT · 14 replies · 493+ views


Kathimerini | 4-28-2005
Mycenaean port of Athens found? Archaeologists in the capital's southern coastal suburb of Palaio Faliro have uncovered what appear to be traces of ancient Athens's first port before the city's naval and shipping center was moved to Piraeus, a report said yesterday. A rescue excavation on a plot earmarked for development has revealed artifacts and light structures dating, with intervals, from Mycenaean times to the fifth century BC, when the port of Phaleron -- after which the modern suburb was named -- was superseded by Piraeus, according to Ta Nea daily. 'This is a port associated with two myths -- ...
 

Asia
Archaeologist Warns Tomb Raiding Rife in Asia
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/26/2005 12:32:38 AM PDT · 13 replies · 205+ views


ABC | Sunday, April 24, 2005
The head of the global body of archaeologists says the theft of sacred and historical artefacts is a huge problem in Asia. Claire Smith, an Adelaide-based academic, says this weekend's return of the second part an ancient Ethiopian obelisk, looted by the Italians in the 1930s, highlights the importance of restoring lost history. Dr Smith, head of the World Archaeological Congress, says Asia suffers particularly from looting. "It is a big problem in Asia and you can see objects in Asia, say, Buddhas that have had their heads chopped off, and the heads are stolen, and I think things like...
 

Biology and Cryptobiology
Loch Ness Monster Finally Identified???
  Posted by Beowulf9
On News/Activism 04/07/2005 9:31:30 PM PDT · 190 replies · 6,674+ views


emediawire.com | April 7th, 2005 | William McDonald
Loch Ness Monster Finally Identified Forensic Artist and private investigator William McDonald, finally identifies what Loch Ness Monster may be. (PRWEB) April 7, 2005 -- After nearly 1,500 years of conjecture, it appears the Loch Ness Monster may finally be identified. According to American Forensic Artist and private investigator William McDonald, the famous lake monster known as 'Nessieî is neither a plesiosaur or prehistoric reptile, but a real, predatory species of water animal possessing the ability to hunt on land. In the winter months of 2004, McDonald photographed tracks left by a large animal on a mud-covered Loch Ness shoreline...
 

Catastrophism and Astronomy
Earth's Magnetic Field Weakens 10 Percent (and some other stuff)
  Posted by NormsRevenge
On General/Chat 12/12/2003 6:26:01 PM PST · 13 replies · 113+ views


Yahoo News | 12/12/03 | Andrew Bridges - AP
SAN FRANCISCO - The strength of the Earth's magnetic field has decreased 10 percent over the past 150 years, raising the remote possibility that it may collapse and later reverse, flipping the planet's poles for the first time in nearly a million years, scientists said Thursday. † At that rate of decline, the field could vanish altogether in 1,500 to 2,000 years, said Jeremy Bloxham of Harvard University. Hundreds of years could pass before a flip-flopped field returned to where it was 780,000 years ago. But scientists at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union cautioned that scenario is an...
 

Red Planet's Ancient Equator Located
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/24/2005 8:18:25 PM PDT · 31 replies · 294+ views


Scientific American (online) | April 20, 2005 | Sarah Graham
Jafar Arkani-Hamed of McGill University discovered that five impact basins--dubbed Argyre, Hellas, Isidis, Thaumasia and Utopia--form an arclike pattern on the Martian surface. Three of the basins are well-preserved and remain visible today. The locations of the other two, in contrast, were inferred from measurements of anomalies in the planet's gravitational field... a single source--most likely an asteroid that was initially circling the sun in the same plane as Mars--created all five craters. At one point the asteroid passed close to the Red Planet... and was broken apart by the force of the planet's gravity. The resulting five pieces subsequently...
 

India
Queen's Remains Are Still Elusive
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/24/2005 12:03:21 PM PDT · 5 replies · 264+ views


Deccan Herald | 4-24-2005 | Devika Sequeira
Queen's remains are still elusive Devika Sequeira in Panaji The Archaeological Survey of India's 20-year search for the relics of Queen Ketevan in Old Goa has ended in disappointment. But the excavations offer an intriguing and significant insight into 16th century Goa. Setting to rest a debate that has engaged historians and archaeologists for over 20 years, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) announced earlier this week that though it had managed to locate the 'burial siteî of Queen Ketevan of Georgia amidst the ruins of the St Augustine complex in Old Goa, the queen's remains were not at the...
 

Let's Have Jerusalem!
Biblical clue found on ancient shrine
  Posted by yonif
On News/Activism 11/20/2003 9:32:53 PM PST · 42 replies · 191+ views


CNN | Friday, November 21, 2003 | AP
<p>JERUSALEM (AP) -- A barely legible clue -- the name "Simon" carved in Greek letters -- beckoned from high up on the weather-beaten facade of an ancient burial monument.</p> <p>Their curiosity piqued, two Jerusalem scholars uncovered six previously invisible lines of inscription: a Gospel verse -- Luke 2:25.</p>
 

Origins and Prehistory
ANCIENT BONE MAY BE FROM NEANDER THAL
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/24/2005 1:18:10 PM PDT · 18 replies · 463+ views


Western Daily Press | 23 April 2005
New research yesterday revealed a West archaeological treasure is more ancient and important than first thought. Discovered in Kents Cavern, Torquay, Devon, in 1927, the fragment of jawbone containing three teeth had been dated as being 31,000 years old. The new analysis, using radio carbon dating, has pushed that date back to between 37,000 and 40,000 years ago, meaning this ancient West resident could be a Neanderthal and not modern human, as previously thought. If the Neanderthal theory is correct, it will prove that the race reached Britain earlier than thought. "Kents Cavern gets more and more interesting all the...
 

Oldest Fossil Protein Sequenced [from Neanderthal]
  Posted by PatrickHenry
On News/Activism 03/15/2005 7:20:27 AM PST · 156 replies · 1,873+ views


Max Planck Society | 08 March 2005 | Staff
An international team, led by researchers at the Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in Leipzig, Germany, have extracted and sequenced protein from a Neanderthal from Shanidar Cave, Iraq dating to approximately 75,000 years old. It is rare to recover protein of this age, and remarkable to be able to determine the constituent amino acid sequence. This is the oldest fossil protein ever sequenced. Protein sequences may be used in a similar way to DNA, to provide information on the genetic relationships between extinct and living species. As ancient DNA rarely survives, this new method opens...
 

Archaic Genes in Modern People?
  Posted by Lessismore
On News/Activism 04/23/2005 8:30:41 PM PDT · 98 replies · 1,790+ views


Science Magazine | 2005-04-22 | Elizabeth Culotta
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN--About 1200 researchers gathered near the shores of Lake Michigan here from 5 to 9 April to discuss early Englishmen, the birth of modern humans, and Stone Age weapons. In the past 15 years, a flood of genetic data has helped propel the Out of Africa theory into the leading explanation of modern human origins. DNA from mitochondria (mtDNA), the Y chromosome, and ancient humans each suggest that the ancestors of all living people arose in Africa some time after 200,000 years ago, swept out of their homeland, and replaced archaic humans around the globe without mixing with them....
 

Modern Humans Made Their Point
  Posted by Lessismore
On News/Activism 04/23/2005 8:34:30 PM PDT · 55 replies · 783+ views


Science Magazine | 2005-04-22 | Ann Gibbons
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN-- Long before guns gave European explorers a decisive advantage over indigenous peoples, our ancestors had their own technological innovation that allowed them to dominate the Stone Age competition: the projectile point, launched from bows or spear throwers. Paleolithic hunters shooting spears or arrows tipped with these small stone points could stay at a safe distance while hunting a wide assortment of prey--or other humans, says archaeologist John Shea of Stony Brook University in New York. Projectile launchers might even be the key to modern humans' triumph when they entered the Neandertal territory of Europe about 40,000 years ago,...
 

New Evidence Challenges "Out-of-Africa" Hypothesis of Modern Human origins
  Posted by TigerLikesRooster
On News/Activism 04/28/2005 7:33:06 AM PDT · 38 replies · 930+ views


Red Nova | 04/27/05
New Evidence Challenges "Out-of-Africa" Hypothesis of Modern Human origins New evidence challenges "Out-of-Africa" hypothesis of modern human origins WUHAN, April 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archaeologists said newly found evidence proves that a valley of Qingjiang River, a tributary on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, might be one of the regions where Homo sapiens, or modern man, originated. The finding challenges the "Out-of-Africa" hypothesis of modern human origins, according to which about 100,000 years ago modern humans originated in Africa, migrated to other continents, and replaced populations of archaic humans across the globe. The finding comes from a large-scale...
 

New Evidence Challenges Hypothesis Of Modern Human Origins
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 05/01/2005 11:54:10 AM PDT · 41 replies · 756+ views


Xinhuanet/China View | 4-27-2005 | Xinhuanet
New evidence challenges hypothesis of modern human origins www.chinaview.cn 2005-04-27 17:00:01 WUHAN, April 27 (Xinhuanet) - - Chinese archaeologists said newly found evidence proves that a valley of Qingjiang River, a tributary on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, might be one of the regions where Homo sapiens, or modern man, originated. The finding challenges the "Out-of-Africa" hypothesis of modern human origins, according to which about 100,000 years ago modern humans originated in Africa, migrated to other continents, and replaced populations of archaic humans across the globe. The finding comes from a large-scale excavation launched in the Qingjiang River...
 

PreColumbian, Clovis, PreClovis
JOURNEY OF MANKIND (The Peopling Of The World)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/25/2005 5:11:40 PM PDT · 41 replies · 895+ views


The Bradshaw Foundation | Unknown | Stephen Oppenheimer
This is the result of a DNA study done by Professor Stephen Oppenheimer and funded by The Bradshaw Foundation. As you go on the journey, here are some things I would like you to make note of and I would appreciate your comments:1. 135-115,000 years ago, notice that the first human excursion out of Africa failed/Died out.2. 74,000 years ago Toba exploded and reduced the worldwide human population to 2-10,000. Note the (about) 10,000 year absence of humans in India, Pakistan and parts of SE Asia. Also, there are two populations of 'out of Africa' humans that are seperated from...
 

Ancient Europe
Jawbone Hints at Earliest Britons
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/26/2005 7:54:35 PM PDT · 12 replies · 252+ views


BBC | Paul Rincon
A piece of jawbone that has lain in Torquay Museum, Devon, for nearly 80 years could be the oldest example of a modern human yet found in Europe. The Kent's Cavern specimen was thought to be about 31,000 years old, but re-dating shows it is actually between 37,000 and 40,000 years old. However, the early dates lead the team behind the research to wonder if the jawbone is actually from a Neanderthal. A new examination of the fragment along with DNA analysis could sort this out. The fragment of maxilla (upper jaw) containing three teeth was unearthed in Kent's Cavern,...
 

Major Bronze Age Haul Unearthed (UK)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/26/2005 5:18:02 PM PDT · 11 replies · 463+ views


BBC | 4-26-2005
Major Bronze Age haul unearthed More than 140 pieces have been recovered from the garden A large haul of Bronze Age artefacts has been uncovered by a gardener. The 145 items, dating from about 800BC, were found by Simon Francis as he landscaped the grounds of a house in Cringleford, near Norwich. Norfolk County Council archaeologists say the haul is one of the largest and most significant they have known. Curator of archaeology Alan West said: "The items are in good condition and the more items we find the better knowledge we can develop of the era." It is very...
 

Oldest rock art in Britain: 12,800 years
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/24/2005 1:40:48 AM PDT · 25 replies · 633+ views


Telegraph (UK) | 22/04/2005 | Roger Highfield, Science Editor
Hard evidence that the engravings of women and extinct creatures at Creswell Crags are more than 12,800 years old is published today, making them Britain's oldest rock art. Creswell Crags, on the Nottinghamshire-Derbyshire border, is riddled with caves which contain preserved evidence of human activity during the last Ice Age. Recently, engravings were found on the walls and ceiling depicting animals such as the European Bison, now extinct in Britain, female dancers or birds - depending on the view of the archaeologist - and intimate female body parts. Dating rock art is difficult, especially if there are no charcoal-based black...
 

Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Buddha statue from 6th c found in Viking hoard in Helgo, Sweden
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat 04/26/2005 11:26:07 PM PDT · 11 replies · 222+ views


Biblical Archaeology Review | March/April 2005 | "Worldwide" editor
This fifth or sixth century A.D. statue of the Buddha from northern India was found in a Viking treasure horde on the Swedish island of Helgˆ. Globalization is clearly not a recent phenomenon... [F]ew people got around as much as the Vikings. From their Scandinavian coves they visited, raided, traded with and settled in lands from Newfoundland to Baghdad. They conquered Britain, terrorized Ireland and France, settled Iceland, raided Spain and ranged throughout the Mediterranean basin. They established a major presence in Russia, the Ukraine and the Crimea, sending their longboats down the Volga into the Black Sea. They raided...
 

DNA Shows Celtic Hero Somerled's Viking Roots
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism 04/26/2005 10:52:12 AM PDT · 52 replies · 847+ views


Scotsman | 4-26-2005 | Ian Johnson
DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots IAN JOHNSTON SCIENCE CORRESPONDENT A HISTORIC Celtic hero credited with driving the Vikings out of western Scotland was actually descended from a Norseman, according to research by a leading DNA expert. According to traditional genealogies, Somerled, who is said to have died in 1164 after ousting the Vikings from Argyll, Kintyre and the Western Isles, was descended from an ancient royal line going back to when the Scots were living in Ireland. But Bryan Sykes, an Oxford University professor of human genetics who set up a company called Oxford Ancestors to research people's...
 

Treasure Found on Haddiscoe Island
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/22/2005 11:52:08 PM PDT · 22 replies · 927+ views


EDP24 | 23 April 2005 | STEPHEN PULLINGER
When Roger Cole stepped out of his Land-Rover on Haddiscoe Island, near Yarmouth, he put his foot on what he thought was a pile of old Co-op dividend tokens. On closer inspection, the foreman of the flood defence work site realised they were silver coins and quickly picked up around 200 of them. An expert from Norfolk Landscape Archaeology (NLA) was called in and found a further 100 in the tracks made by a bulldozer. The coins are dated between 1550 and 1646, and the theory of NLA finds liaison officer Dr Adrian Marsden, based at The Castle Museum, Norwich,...
 

Oh So Mysteriouso
Ancient Manuscript Discovery has 'Da Vinci Code' Touch (Claims to have Bible Figure Biographies)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism 04/30/2005 5:08:57 PM PDT · 21 replies · 1,109+ views


Scotsman | Thu 28 Apr 2005 | Gemma Collins and Vicky Shaw
An ancient document likened to something which could have been featured in best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code was being analysed at a top auction house for its significance today. The manuscript, believed to date from the 17th century, contains biographical details of every person in the Bible. It was unearthed in the depths of the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth where it had been kept in storage for Llandovery College, an independent school near the Brecon Beacons. It was among about half of the school's archive of books which were taken to the library around 50 years ago....
 

The Oak Island Mystery...What lies at the bottom of the Money Pit?
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism 07/25/2002 2:22:59 PM PDT · 83 replies · 1,374+ views


The Oak Island Mystery | FR Post July 2002 | Bradley Keyes
What lies at the bottom of the Money Pit? Imagine yourself walking through the trees of a wooded island rumored to hide buried pirate treasure. Suddenly you come across a depression in the ground. It's roughly circular and there's a tree standing above it with a branch that has been cut and appears to have been used as a pulley. Your imagination is fired and hope soars. You run off to get your friends and digging equipment. You and two friends return the next day, shovels in hand, ready to claim your prize. The digging is easy. The dirt...
 

end of digest #41 20050430


219 posted on 05/01/2005 6:57:58 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (FR profiled updated Monday, April 11, 2005. Fewer graphics, faster loading.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 213 | View Replies ]

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