102Doug Thompson, ÂDems plan to undermine America to beat BushÂ, CapitolHillBlue, January 6, 2003, archived at FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/830866/posts.
103ÂRaw Data: Dem Memo on Iraq IntelÂ, FOXNews.com, November 6, 2003, reproduced at http://www.intelmemo.com/. For additional sources see ÂNews Articles and ÂCongressional Record links at intelmemo.com, http://www.intelmemo.com/.
104United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 57, 72 (pdf pages 22, 37); Hersh, ÂWho Lied to Whom?Â; ÂDemocratic Efforts to Address Misuse of Intelligence Have Been Repeatedly Blocked by RepublicansÂ, Harry Reid, http://reid.senate.gov/record2.cfm?id=248135, November 2, 2005.
105United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 69 (pdf page 34).
106Letter, Carl Levin to Hans Blix, June 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2003/061103BlixLetter.pdf attached to ÂLevin Statement on CIA's Sharing of Intelligence on WMD with the UNÂ, Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=216418, June 16, 2003.
107Karin Fischer, ÂRockefeller returns from Middle East tripÂ, Charleston Daily Mail, February 25, 2003; Peter Hardin, ÂWarner Delegation Hears Anti-U.S. ViewsÂ, Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 25, 2003.
108ÂWar in Iraq, Why Now?Â, Nightline, March 4, 2003, transcript online at U.S. Senator John McCain: News: Interviews, http://mccain.senate.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=Newscenter.ViewInterview&Content_id=768; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 321-323.
109Joby Warrick, ÂSome Evidence on Iraq Called Fake: U.N. Nuclear Inspector Says Documents on Purchases Were ForgedÂ, The Washington Post, March 8, 2003, Page A01, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/bush-appeals/some-iraq-evidence-fake.txt.
110Joseph Wilson on CNN Saturday, March 8, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/08/cst.07.html.
111Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 325-327.
112ÂDiplomatÂs Âoutrage finds political outletÂ, The Boston Herald, October 25, 2003, archived at FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1007776/posts; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 410-411, 442. On Beers cf. .Laura Blumenfeld, ÂFormer Aide Takes Aim at War on TerrorÂ, The Washington Post, June 16, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A62941-2003Jun15?language=printer: ÂFive days before the war began in Iraq, as President Bush prepared to raise the terrorism threat level to orange, a top White House counterterrorism adviser unlocked the steel door to his office, an intelligence vault secured by an electronic keypad, a combination lock and an alarm. . .Beers's resignation surprised Washington, but what he did next was even more astounding. Eight weeks after leaving the Bush White House, he volunteered as national security adviser for Sen. John F. Kerry (Mass.), a Democratic candidate for president, in a campaign to oust his former boss.Â; Ronald Brownstein, ÂKerry is shaping his foreign policy: His network of experts spans a range of opinionsÂ, Los Angeles Times, April 11, 2004, online at deseretnews.com, http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595055360,00.html: ÂProbably the closest analogue to Bush's Vulcans have been a group of Kerry advisers who hold a weekly conference call directed by Rand Beers. . .That group has included Lee Feinstein, the former deputy director of policy planning at the State Department, and Joe Wilson. . .Most observers considered the Kerry campaign's signing of Beers last May a major coup. . .Â
113Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ; Ward, ÂDouble ExposureÂ; cf. Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3, 330-331.
114Nicholas Kristof, ÂMissing in Action: TruthÂ, The New York Times, May 6, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0506-02.htm.
115Walter Pincus, ÂCIA Did Not Share Doubt on Iraq Data: Bush Used Report of Uranium BidÂ, The Washington Post, June 12, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A46957-2003Jun11¬Found=true (cf. Walter Pincus, ÂCIA Says It Cabled Key Data to White House: But Officials Say Document Lacked Conclusion on Iraqi Uranium DealÂ, The Washington Post, June 13, 2003, Page A16, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A52813-2003Jun12¬Found=true; Walter Pincus, ÂReport Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda ConnectionÂ, The Washington Post, June 22, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A19822-2003Jun21?language=printer).
116John B. Judis and Spencer Ackerman, ÂThe First Casualty: The Selling of the Iraq WarÂ, The New Republic, post date June 19, 2003, print date June 30, 2003, online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?pt=0cQNpJfYxhSff7JJVl4q9T%3D%3D.
117Andrew Buncombe and Raymond Whitaker, ÂMinisters knew war papers were forged, says diplomat: US official who identified documents incriminating Iraq as fakes says Britain must have been aware of findingsÂ, Independent, June 29, 2003, online at http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article110890.ece. Cf. Nicholas Watt, ÂAdmission on Niger claim, Â The Guardian, June 28, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/guardianpolitics/story/0,3605,986738,00.html: ÂMr Ehrman. . .asked Mr Straw to comment on recent reports in the US press that a retired US ambassador concluded in February last year, after a visit to Niger, that the allegations were false.Â
118See Note 65.
119Wilson, ÂWhat I DidnÂt Find in AfricaÂ, The New York Times, July 6, 2003, online at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0706-02.htm .
120Richard Leiby and Walter Pincus, ÂEx-Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored: Iraqi Purchases Were Doubted by CIAÂ, The Washington Post, July 6, 2003, Page A13, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A13536-2003Jul5¬Found=true.
121Joseph Wilson interview with Andrea Mitchell, Meet the Press, July 6, 2003, transcript online at JustOneMinute: Footnotes, http://justoneminute.typepad.com/footnotes/2004/07/joe_wilson_with.html; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 333-334.
122ÂKucinich: What Else Was The Vice President Hiding? Vice PresidentÂs Office Knew Niger Evidence Was Unreliable Almost A Year Before The State Of The UnionÂ, Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich, http://kucinich.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=28165, July 8, 2003; Carl Levin, floor statement, ÂIraqi IntelligenceÂ, Congressional Record, 108th Congress, First Session, July 15, 2003, online at Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2003_cr/levin071503.html; ÂKucinich, Former Intelligence Officers To Hold News Briefing On The Administration's Use Of Intelligence In the Lead-Up To The War In IraqÂ, July 11, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/news2003/0711-06.htm; Edward Spannaus, ÂCheneyÂs ÂShadow Government Comes Into the SunlightÂ, EIR: Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 29, July 25, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3029cheney_exposed.html.
123David Corn, ÂA White House SmearÂ, The Nation: Blog: Capital Games, http://www.thenation.com/blogs/capitalgames?bid=3&pid=823, July 16, 2003; cf. Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 4, 349.
124Matthew Cooper, Massimo Calabresi and John Dickerson, ÂA War on Wilson? Inside the Bush Administration's feud with the diplomat who poured cold water on the Iraq-uranium connectionÂ, posted July 17, 2003 at TIME.com, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,465270,00.html.
125Alex Johnson with Andrea Mitchell, ÂCIA Seeks Probe of White House: Agency asks Justice to investigate leak of employeeÂs identityÂ, MSNBC, September 27, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0927-01.htm.
126See Note 65.
127Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 442.
128ÂJune 16 Testimony of Joseph WilsonÂ, AfterDowningStreet.org: Evidence, http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/?q=node/288. Cf. Leiby and Pincus, ÂEx-Envoy: Nuclear Report IgnoredÂ; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3-4, 328-332.
129Ron Fournier, ÂKerry Says Bush Misled Americans On WarÂ, Associated Press, June 18, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0618-09.htm.
130Audrey Hudson, ÂSenators reject KerryÂs claim Bush misled U.S.Â, The Washington Times, June 23, 2003, http://www.washtimes.com/national/20030623-122726-4425r.htm. On Rockefeller and KerryÂs West Virginia campaign, see Martha Bryson Hodel, ÂByrd urges vote for Kerry: Says GOP misleading voters on religionÂ, The Cincinnati Enquirer, September 28, 2004, online at http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/09/28/loc_loc1abushykerry.html; ÂA Byrd in Hand CanÂt Beat Two-Termer Bush: West Virginians Rejected ByrdÂs Support Of Liberals Al Gore And John KerryÂ, National Republican Senatorial Committee, http://www.nrsc.org/newsdesk/document.aspx?ID=77.
131Central Intelligence Agency, Putting Noncombatants at Risk: Saddam's Use of "Human Shields", online at http://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/iraq_human_shields/.
132ÂPhyllis BennisÂ, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/bios.htm#Phyllis%20Bennis; ÂNational Teach-In on Iraq (Produced by IPS; $15.00 DVD)Â, United for Peace and Justice: Merchandise: Videos, http://unitedforpeace.org/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/73; ÂCBS and CNN Avoid Labeling a Far-Left Think TankÂ, Media Research Center: Cyberalert, Volume Eight, Number 31, February 18, 2003, http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2003/cyb20030218.asp#4. On the UPJ see excerpts from John J. Tierney, The Politics of Peace: WhatÂs Behind the Anti-War Movement?, Washington, DC: Capital Research Center, March 2005, online at Capital Research Center, http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pubs.asp?ID=446; ÂJakarta Peace Conference: Iraq & the Global Peace Movement: Strategy Conference of the Global Peace Movement, Jakarta, Indonesia, 19-21 May 2003Â, Transnational Institute, http://www.tni.org/history/index.htm. On the PCPJ and VVAW see John E. OÂNeill and Jerome R. Corsi, Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry, Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2004, 115-116, 124-125, 131, 157; ÂHanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar MovementÂs Communist ConnectionsÂ, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=Fedora3; Max Friedman, ÂDid The KGB Use John Kerry?Â, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=KGBKerry, July 6, 2005; Federal Bureau of Investigation, Information Digest Special Report on VVAW, August 25, 1972, FBI file HQ 100-448092, Section 32, pdf pages 31-45, reproduced online with notes at ÂInformation Digest Special Report on VVAW: 8/25/72Â, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=InfoDigestonVVAW. On the lineage from the PCPJ through the UPJ, cf. Friedman [ÂThe same basic leadership showed up in the various Mobes and their successors, including such CPUSA and pro-communist individuals as. . .Leslie Cagan (eventually aligned with the CP faction known as COC). . .Â]; ÂGuide to the Committees of Correspondence (U.S) Records, 1991-1997Â, The Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=/coc.xml&style=/saxon01t2002.xsl∂=body; David Horowitz, ÂPeople Against the American WayÂ, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.townhall.com/columnists/davidhorowitz/dh20030514.shtml, May 14, 2003.
133ÂThe 2002 Iraq Forum, June 15-16, 2002, Washington, D.C.Â, EPIC: Education for Peace in Iraq Center , http://www.epic-usa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=157.
134ÂTranscripts: Striking First: a Jim Lehrer NewsHour with Phyllis Bennis, 1 July 2002Â, Transnational Institute: TNI History: 2002, http://www.tni.org/history/index.htm.
135ÂTestimony Prepared for Hearings on Iraq Policy, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 31 July 2002, Phyllis Bennis, Institute for Policy StudiesÂ, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/comment/Bennis/iraqtestimony.htm.
136ÂCBS and CNN Avoid Labeling a Far-Left Think TankÂ, Media Research Center: Cyberalert, Volume Eight, Number 31, February 18, 2003, http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2003/cyb20030218.asp#4.
137Stephen Zunes, ÂSeven Reasons to Oppose a U.S. Invasion of Iraq: FPIF Policy Report, August 2002Â, online at FPIF: Foreign Policy in Focus, http://www.fpif.org/papers/iraq2.html; Stephen Zunes, ÂFPIF Talking Points: Why Not to Wage War with Iraq: August 2002Â, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/downloads/0208iraq.pdf.
138Stephen Zunes, ÂThe Case Against WarÂ, The Nation, September 30, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020930/zunes.
139Readers and David Cortright, ÂKilling Sanctions in IraqÂ, The Nation, January 21, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020121/letter.
140Phyllis Bennis, ÂThe UN, the US and IraqÂ, The Nation, November 11, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021111/bennis; Phyllis Bennis, ÂHalf a Victory at the UNÂ, The Nation, December 2, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021202/bennis.
141Alexander Cockburn, ÂThe Antiwar Movement and Its CriticsÂ, The Nation, December 2, 2002, online at http://www.thenation.com/docprem.mhtml?i=20021202&s=cockburn; Alexander Cockburn, ÂThe Anti-War Movement and Its Critics: Merle Haggard Locates Osama; General Hitchens, Hie Thee to Fort Bragg; Whose Left Is It AnywayÂ, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn1114.html, November 14, 2002.
142Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, ÂMemo for: President Bush Re: War on IraqÂ, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips02082003.html, February 8, 2003.
143David Corn, Marc Cooper & Alexander Cockburn, ÂDebating the Antiwar MovementÂ, The Nation, December 23, 2002, posted December 4, 2002 at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021223/exchange.
144The Nation, March 3, 2003, online at http://www.thenation.com/issue/20030303.
145Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 318, 354.
146ÂSeptember 2003Â Common Dreams NewsCenter: Views Archive, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/september2003.htm.
147Joseph Wilson, ÂHow Saddam ThinksÂ, San Jose Mercury News, October 13, 2002, online at , http://www.politicsoftruth.com/editorials/saddam.html.
148Note 64.
149Note 65.
150ÂLott: Dems Used Focus Groups to Attack Bush on WarÂ, NewsMax.com, http://www.newsmax.com/scripts/showinside.pl?a=2003/3/21/100946, March 21, 2003.
151Dana Priest, ÂU.S. Not Claiming Iraqi Link To TerrorÂ, The Washington Post, September 10, 2002, Page A01, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59403-2002Sep9.html, archived at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/no-iraq-alqaeda-link.txt; Julian Borger, ÂWhite House 'exaggerating Iraqi threat': Bush's televised address attacked by US intelligenceÂ, The Guardian, October 9, 2002, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,807286,00.html; Bradley Graham and Dana Priest, ÂPentagon Team Told to Seek Details of Iraq-Al Qaeda Ties: Effort Bypasses Regular Intelligence Channels; CIA Rift DisputedÂ, The Washington Post, October 25, 2002, Page A24, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14056-2002Oct24.html. Contrast with CannistraroÂs comments in Julian Borger, ÂSaddam link to Bin Laden: Terror chief 'offered asylum' in Iraq? US says dealings step up danger of chemical weapons attacksÂ, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,314700,00.html, February 6, 1999; Julian Borger, ÂIraq-Bin Laden boat bomb link: USS Cole: 17 dead mourned as experts piece together attackÂ, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4078596,00.html, October 19, 2000; Al-Qaida's desire for ever more deaths raises spectre of germ, chemical or nuclear attacksÂ, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/september11/oneyearon/story/0,12361,786137,00.html, September 5, 2002.
152Michael White and Brian Whitaker, ÂUK war dossier a sham, say experts: British 'intelligence' lifted from academic articlesÂ, The Guardian, February 7, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,890916,00.html. On Rangwala, CASI, Voices in the Wilderness, and the Emergence Committee on Iraq, see ÂCampaign Against Sanctions on Iraq: Newsletter: January 1999Â, CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/newslet/jan99.html; ÂHouse of CommonsÂ, CASI - Cambridge Solidarity with Iraq, http://www.casi.org.uk/info/ukcommons.html; Note 65.
153Warrick, ÂSome Evidence on Iraq Called FakeÂ. Cf. ÂInspectors Dispute Iraq AllegationsÂ, The Guardian, January 29, 2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-2360883,00.html, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/inspections/dispute-aluminum-tubes.txt; Joby Warrick, ÂDoubts Remain About Purpose Of Specialized Aluminum TubesÂ, The Washington Post, February 6, 2003, Page A29, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32110-2003Feb5.html, online at NewsMine.org, http://newsmine.org/archive/war-on-terror/iraq/pre-invasion/inspections/doubts-aluminum-tubes.txt.
154ÂNews Release: Decoding the New UN Resolution on Iraq: Myth-Shattering Analysis at Accuracy.org/un2Â, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=588, November 13, 2002; ÂNews Release: Some Analysis of PowellÂs SpeechÂ, IPA: Institute for Public Accuracy, http://www.accuracy.org/newsrelease.php?articleId=557, February 6, 2003; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, ÂIntelligence Officers Challenge BushÂ, Bainbridge Neighbors for Peace, http://www.bnfp.org/neighborhood/VetIntPro_for_Sanity.htm, May 1, 2003; Kristof, ÂMissing in Action: TruthÂ; Note 65; Dan Plesch and Glen Rangwala with Ffion Evans, John Fellows, and Gwenllian Griffiths, A Case to Answer: A first report on the potential impeachment of the Prime Minister for High Crimes and Misdemeanours in relation to the invasion of Iraq., Adam Price MP, August 2004, online at ImpeachBlair.org, http://www.impeachblair.org/report.shtml.
155IraqÂs Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government, September 24, 2002, 25 (pdf page 28; cf. p. 6/pdf p. 9), online at 10 Downing Street, http://www.number-10.gov.uk/files/pdf/iraqdossier.pdf.
156Gian Marco Chiocci, ÂParla lÂex 007 Rocco Martino ÂEcco la verita sul NigergateÂÂ, il Giornale, September 21, 2004, 4, online at Ministero della Difesa, http://www.difesa.it/files/rassegnastampa/040922/5X9BK.pdf, English translation at TPMCafe, http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/10/11/3229/1796. Cf. Bruce Johnston and Kim Willsher, ÂItaly blames France for Niger uranium claimÂ, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/09/05/wuran05.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/09/05/ixworld.html, May 9, 2004; Mark Huband, ÂFrench Probe Led to ÂFake Niger Uranium PapersÂÂ, Financial Times, August 2, 2004 online at Global Policy Forum, http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/justify/2004/0802niger.htm; Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 123 (pdf pages 137), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf.
157ÂItalian journalist claims she supplied Iraq-Niger uranium documents to USÂ, ClariNews, http://quickstart.clari.net/qs_se/webnews/wed/bi/Qus-iraq-niger-italy.Rt17_DlJ.html, July 19, 2003; Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ; Bonini and DÂAvanzo, ÂDoppiogiochisti e dilettanti tutti gli italiani del NigergateÂ.
158On Carl Ford and Cassidy & Associates, see ÂCarl Ford Jr.Â, LobbySearch: Lobbyist Profile, http://www.lobbysearch.com/cgi-bin/display_player.pl?id=20031013154400; cf. Jim Lobe, ÂAfrican Governments Spend Millions in LobbyingÂ, CorpWatch, http://www.corpwatch.org/news/PND.jsp?articleid=98, May 20, 2001. On Thielmann and VIPS, see Kristof, ÂSave Our SpooksÂ;Wolf, ÂU.S. Insiders Say Iraq Intel Deliberately SkewedÂ; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, ÂMemo For: Colleagues in Intelligence: Subject: One Person Can Make a DifferenceÂ, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/vips10142003.html, October 14, 2003.
159United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 57-59 (pdf pages 22-24).
160Vernon Loeb, "CIA Is Stepping Up Attempts To Monitor Spread of Weapons", Washington Post, March 12, 2001, Page A15, online at ÂRANSAC Nuclear News, March 14, 2001Â, RANSAC: Russian American Nuclear Security Advisory Council, http://www.ransac.org/Projects%20and%20Publications/News/Nuclear%20News/2001/03_14_01.html; United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 38-39 (pdf pages 3-4); Ward, ÂDouble ExposureÂ; Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 424; Ray McGovern, ÂConscience Before CareerÂ, TomPaine.com, October 2, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/1003-11.htm; Ray McGovern, ÂMore at Stake in Bolton Nomination Than Meets the EyeÂ, TomPaine.com, April 25, 2005, online at truthout, http://www.truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/38/10642.
161Hersh, ÂWho Lied to Whom?Â
162Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ.
163United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 59, 69 (pdf pages 24, 34).
164United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 60-61 (pdf pages 25-26).
165Hersh, ÂWho Lied to Whom?Â
166Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ.
167Cf. Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 121-125 (pdf pages 135-139), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf.
168United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 61-62 (pdf pages 26-27).
169Summarized by parnasokan at ÂNIGERGATE: THE ANTI BUSH AND BERLUSCONI NETWORKÂ, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1511734/posts, October 29, 2005.
170ÂLevin Floor Statement on the Situation in IraqÂ, January 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=210449; Letter, Senator Carl Levin to President George W. Bush, January 24, 2003, attached to ÂLevin Urges President to Share U.S. Intelligence Information with Weapons InspectorsÂ, January 24, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=209011; Letter, Carl Levin to Hans Blix, June 9, 2003, online at Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/supporting/2003/061103BlixLetter.pdf attached to ÂLevin Statement on CIA's Sharing of Intelligence on WMD with the UNÂ, Carl Levin, http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=216418, June 16, 2003.
171United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 69 (pdf page 34).
172Maura Reynolds, ÂTime Is Running Out, Bush Cautions: He and the British premier, united yet differing, press the U.N. to act quickly on Iraq.Â, The Los Angeles Times, February 1, 2003.
173See Note 106.
174Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ; cf. ÂWho Lied to Whom? Cf. Judis and Ackerman, ÂThe First CasualtyÂ.
175United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 67 (pdf page 32).
176Walter Pincus and Dana Priest, ÂU.S. Had Uranium Papers Earlier: Officials Say Forgeries on Iraqi Efforts Reached State Dept. Before SpeechÂ, Washington Post, July 18, 2003, online at GlobalResearch.ca, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PIN307A.html; Richard Leiby and Walter Pincus, ÂEx-Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored: Iraqi Purchases Were Doubted by CIAÂ, The Washington Post, July 6, 2003, Page A13, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A13536-2003Jul5¬Found=true.
177Ian Traynor, ÂUK nuclear evidence a fake: British intelligence claims that Saddam Hussein has been trying to import uranium for a nuclear bomb are unfounded, according to UN nuclear inspectors Â, The Guardian, March 8, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,909946,00.html; Sally Bolton and agencies, ÂBlix attacks US war intelligence, ÂThe Guardian, April 22, 2003, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,941231,00.html. Cf. Hersh, ÂWho Lied to Whom?Â: ÂWhat is generally agreed upon, a congressional intelligence-committee staff member told me, is that the Niger documents were initially circulated by the British--President Bush said as much in his State of the Union speech--and that Âthe Brits placed more stock in them than we did.ÂÂ
178Chairman Rt. Hon. Ann Taylor, MP, Intelligence and Security Committee: Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction - Intelligence and Assessments, Colegate, Norwich: Her MajestyÂs Stationery Office (HMSO), St. Clements House, September 2003, 28 (pdf pages 33), online at GlobalSecurity.org, www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/2003/isc-iwmdia_sep2003.pdf; Chairman Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell KG GCB CVO, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, London: The Stationery Office, July 14, 2004, 123 (pdf page 137), online at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf; Dana Priest and Susan Schmidt, ÂFBI Probes Fake Evidence of Iraqi Nuclear PlansÂ, The Washington Post, March 13, 2003, Page A17, online at Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2095.htm.
179See Note 107.
180See Note 108.
181See Notes 110-111.
182See Note 109.
183Rajiv Chandrasekaran, ÂStopping War Not 'Up to Us,' Iraqi Says: Hussein Aide Sees Conflict As InevitableÂ, The Washington Post, January 26, 2003, Page A1.
184See Note 111.
185Matthew Cooper, Massimo Calabresi and John Dickerson, ÂA War on Wilson? Inside the Bush Administration's feud with the diplomat who poured cold water on the Iraq-uranium connectionÂ, posted July 17, 2003 at TIME.com, http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,465270,00.html.
186ÂADL: Ted Turner HasnÂt Learned From His MistakesÂ, Anti-Defamation League, http://www.adl.org/PresRele/HolNa_52/4629_52.htm, January 26, 2005; ÂAn Eason Jordan Timeline of EventsÂ, Easongate.com, http://billroggio.com/easongate/archives/2005/02/an_eason_jordan.php, February 11, 2005.
187Cf. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be, New York: Knopf, 1979.
188Pincus, ÂAnonymous sources: Their use in a time of prosecutorial interestÂ, Nieman Reports, Volume 59, Number 2, Summer 2005, online in pdf format at Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University: Nieman Reports, http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reports/contents.html and in html format at Nieman Watchdog: Showcase, http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Showcase.view&showcaseid=0019, July 6, 2005; Joe Strupp, ÂPincus: Woodward ÂAsked Me to Keep Him Out of Plame ReportingÂ, Editor & Publisher, http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001523334, November 16, 2005. Cf. Bob Woodward, Bush at War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002; Bob Woodward, The Secret Man: The Story of WatergateÂs Deep Throat, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. On some of the problems with WoodwardÂs claim that Mark Felt was Deep Throat, cf. Carl Limbacher, ÂGeneral Haig: Deep Throat Not Lone SourceÂ, NewsMax.com, http://www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/5/31/211941.shtml, May 31, 2005; email from Jim Hougan, posted at ÂMore on Mark Felt, Deep Throat, and BennettÂ, Cannonfire, http://cannonfire.blogspot.com/2005/05/more-on-mark-felt-deep-throat-and.html, May 31, 2005; Jim Hougan, ÂDeep Throat, Bob Woodward and the CIA: Strange BedfellowsÂ, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/hougan06082005.html, June 8, 2005.
189John W. Dean, ÂMore vicious than Tricky Dick: John Dean says the Bush team's leaks are even viler than his former boss's -- and that Plame and Wilson should file a civil suit.Â, Salon.com, http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2003/10/03/dean/index_np.html, October 3, 2003. On Dean and Watergate see Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat and the CIA, New York: Random House, 1984; Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin, Silent Coup: The Removal of a President, (New York: St. MartinÂs Press, 1991).
190United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 64-66 (pdf pages 29-31); Dana Priest and Karen DeYoung with Glenn Kessler, "CIA Questioned Documents Linking Iraq, Uranium Ore", Washington Post, March 22, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0322-04.htm; Walter Pincus and Dana Priest, ÂU.S. Had Uranium Papers Earlier: Officials Say Forgeries on Iraqi Efforts Reached State Dept. Before SpeechÂ, Washington Post, July 18, 2003, online at GlobalResearch.ca, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PIN307A.html; Michael Duffy and James Carney, ÂA Question of TrustÂ, TIME, July 21, 2003, online at http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,464405,00.html; Julian Borger, ÂDemocrats step up pressure on uranium claims: Attempt to blame 'tainted' intelligence on CIA boss adds to woes for BushÂ, The Guardian, July 14, 2003, online at Forgotten History, http://www.lossless-audio.com/usa/index0.php?page=1101548993.htm; Timothy Noah, ÂIs Libby the Phantom Bigfoot? An exclusive report from Slate's guesswork unit.Â, Slate, http://www.slate.com/id/2085803/, July 17, 2003; ÂHead of CIA Weapons Analysis Program LeavingÂ, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=reutersEdge&storyID=3422015, September 10, 2003, archived at ÂHead of CIA Weapons Analysis Program LeavingÂ, FreeRepublic.com, http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/979978/posts, September 10, 2003; Ray McGovern and David MacMichael, interview, ÂÂThe Crazies Are BackÂ: Bush Sr.Âs CIA Briefer Recalls How the First Bush Administration Referred to Wolfowitz, Rumsfeld and CheneyÂ, Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article4736.htm.
191Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ.
192McGovern, ÂConscience Before CareerÂ.
193Sidney Blumenthal, ÂThere was no failure of intelligence: US spies were ignored, or worse, if they failed to make the case for warÂ, The Guardian, February 5, 2004, online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1141401,00.html. On LangÂs background and relation to Wilson see Note 59.
194Michael Rubin, ÂWeb of Conspiracies: False rumors go from fringe staff go mainstream-again and again.Â, National Review Online, http://www.nationalreview.com/rubin/rubin200405180836.asp, May 18, 2004.
195Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 313-314; cf. 325-326.
196Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 17.
197Reed Kramer, ÂKansteiner To Leave Top Africa Post, Key Embassies in TransitionÂ, allAfrica.com, http://allafrica.com/stories/200310010765.html, October 1, 2003; ÂBoardÂ, The Corporate Council on Africa: About CCA, http://www.africacncl.org/About_CCA/board.asp; ÂWalter H. Kansteiner, IIIÂ, The Scowcroft Group: Who We Are, http://scowcroft.com/html/whoweare.html.
198See Note 128.
199Letter, Representative Henry A. Waxman to President George W. Bush, March 17, 2003, online at Representative Henry Waxman: 30th District of California, http://www.house.gov/waxman/text/admin_iraq_march_17_let.htm. Cf. Harry Kreisler interview with Tom Engelhardt, ÂTaking Back the Word: Conversation with Tom EngelhardtÂ, April 23, 2004, online at Institute of International Studies: Conversations with History, http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Engelhardt/engelhardt-con4.html; Jeffrey Steinberg, ÂThe Henry Waxman Letter: Who Knew What, and When?Â, Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 30, Number 23, June 13, 2003, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2003/3023wmd_fraud.html.
200Note 110 and David Ensor segment on ÂU.N. Saying Documents Were FakedÂ, American Morning, March 14, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/14/ltm.14.html; Dana Priest and Susan Schmidt, ÂFBI Probes Fake Evidence of Iraqi Nuclear PlansÂ, The Washington Post, March 13, 2003, Page A17, online at Information Clearing House, http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article2095.htm; Hersh, ÂWho Lied to Whom?Â; Kristof, ÂMissing in Action: TruthÂ.
201See Note 70.
202David Ensor segment on ÂU.N. Saying Documents Were FakedÂ, American Morning, March 14, 2003, transcript online at CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0303/14/ltm.14.html. Cf. Ray Close, ÂWhose Deliberate Disinformation? A CIA Analyst on Forging IntelligenceÂ, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/close03102003.html, March 10, 2003; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity, ÂMemo to the President: Forgery, Hyperbole, Half-Truth: A ProblemÂ, Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0319-08.htm, March 19, 2003; Ray Close, ÂWhy the Lies About WMD Matter: A Crime Against American ValuesÂ, CounterPunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/close06102003.html, June 10, 2003.
203ÂSenator Roberts Statement on the Niger DocumentsÂ,United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, http://intelligence.senate.gov/030711.htm, July 11, 2003.
204Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 3, 332. Cf. comments by manyoso, ÂThe Theory of the Two NotebooksÂ, The Next Hurrah, http://thenexthurrah.typepad.com/the_next_hurrah/2005/10/the_theory_of_t.html, October 11, 2005: ÂI contacted that Independent article author and tried to get him to tell me the name of the ambassador when it came out. He refused, but he put me on the trail... a few days later I contacted someone else who _did_ give me his name. I published Wilson's name and the next day he wrote his op-ed for the NY Times, so Wilson was right... his name was about to come out.Â
205See Note 65.
206For some timeline resources, see ÂPlame affair timelineÂ, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plame_scandal_timeline; ÂPlame Leak timelineÂ, dKosopedia, http://www.dkosopedia.com/index.php/Plame_Leak_timeline; ÂJuly 14, 2004: The Joseph Wilson / Valerie Plame TimelineÂ, JustOneMinute, http://justoneminute.typepad.com/footnotes/2004/07/the_joseph_wils.html; Larisa Alexandrovna and Muriel Kane, ÂSenator Pat Roberts (R - KS) Helps to Fix the IntelÂ, The Raw Story, http://rawstory.com/robertsintel.htm.
207On Pincus and the CIA, see Pincus, ÂHow I Traveled Abroad on CIA SubsidyÂ, San Jose Mercury, February 18, 1967, 14; ÂWalter PincusÂ, NNDB, http://www.nndb.com/people/233/000044101/. On Pincus and IPS, see James L. Tyson, Target America: The Influence of Communist Propaganda on U.S. Media, with preface by Reed Irvine, Chicago: Regnery Gateway, 1981, 160-168; Powell, Covert Cadre, 57.
208See Notes 110. On Ensor and Close, see Note 202.
209See Note 111.
210See Note 114.
211See Note 115.
212Walter Pincus, ÂReport Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda ConnectionÂ, The Washington Post, June 22, 2003, Page A01, online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A19822-2003Jun21?language=printer
213See Note 65.
214See Note 116.
215See Note 117.
216See Note 119.
217See Note 120.
218See Note 121.
219See Note 7.
220Cf. Pincus, ÂReport Cast Doubt on Iraq-Al Qaeda ConnectionÂ.
221United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 45 (pdf page 10).
222United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, ÂAdditional CommentsÂ, 442-445 (pdf pages 2-5).
223Joshua Micah Marshall, ÂJuly 14, 2004Â, Talking Points Memo, http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/week_2004_07_11.php#003169, July 17, 2004.
224Dana Priest and Karen DeYoung, ÂCIA Questioned Documents Linking Iraq, Uranium OreÂ, The Washington Post, March 22, 2003, online at Common Dreams NewsCenter, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0322-04.htm.
225Chairman Rt. Hon. Ann Taylor, MP, Intelligence and Security Committee: Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction - Intelligence and Assessments, Colegate, Norwich: Her MajestyÂs Stationery Office (HMSO), St. Clements House, September 2003, 27-28 (pdf pages 32-33), online at GlobalSecurity.org, www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/2003/isc-iwmdia_sep2003.pdf.
226See Note 224.
227United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 40 (pdf page 5).
228United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 36, 38 (pdf pages 1, 3).
229United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 108th Congress, Report on the U.S. Intelligence CommunityÂs Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Chapter 2, ÂNigerÂ, 41 (pdf page 6).
230See Note 222.
231Wilson on Paula Zahn Now, July 19, 2004, online at ÂInterview With Carmen bin Laden; Interview With Barbara WaltersÂ, CNN.com, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0407/19/pzn.00.html.
232See Note 65.
233See Note 7.
234Hersh, ÂThe StovepipeÂ.
235Wilson, The Politics of Truth, 326.
Not to complicate your beautifully etched picture, I thought I would add that following your footnote 78 you note "financier" Abdurahman Alamoudi. A. Alamoudi was a noted Muslim Brother, travelled on a Yemeni passport, and in 1990 founded and led the American Muslim Council, which was later called at a 1996 Senate hearing the "de facto lobbying arm of the Muslim Brotherhood." With the entrance of Clinton administration he founded the American Muslim Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs Council (AMAFVAC) and he personally vetted Muslim chaplains in the U.S. military. I could go on, but as you can guess Wilson hung around with some very unsavory Muslim characters. Again, great work.
Fedora, something has been eating at me regarding the Rock Creek Connection. First Wilson was an assistant to Al Gore in 1985-1986 and the two became friends. Al Gore through his father had many contacts with Armand Hammer and thus Occidental Petroleum. And I would gather it was through Occidental Petroleum that Wilson dame to know both the Alamoudi family and Elias Aburdene. The latter must have hired him at Rock Creek. In any case, the Wilson tie to Democrats goes way back, something that is usually not mentioned in stories on him, and he must have been greatly disappointed when Gore lost the presidency and, who knows, figured to get even.
Oh and BTW, why do you suppose Patrick Fitzgerald seemingly doesn't know what you know? Here we are spending gazillions of taxpayer $$$ on his "leak investigation" that has charged no one for leaks. I wish he would charge some folks with leaking. Actually treason or sedition would be more like it. But clearly, that wouldn't reach to Scooter Libby, Karl Rove, and certainly not the President. Although the IPS Left-types are trying to spin the President's partial declassification of certain top-secret documents -- which is his privilege -- as a common, garden-variety "leak." What a disgraceful dog-and-pony show Fitzgerald's investigation has become! I'm beginning to think he is, if not outright complicit in this would-be coup d'etat, then at least sympathetic to it.
Then again, maybe Bill and Hill are blackmailing him. :^)
If you make any further improvements to this work, Fedora, or have new information, please be sure to put me on your ping list.
Congratulations on this superb effort!
I did it! I read the whole article (with exception to skimming some of the long-winded blather from Wilson's book). Your research is inspiring and for once, the whole Wilson fiasco makes sense!
I was surprised to learn he was behind the Clinton Africa trip. It's another revealing piece of the puzzle. It figures that Wilson's finances are "murky," because that's the Clinton's expertise or perhaps trademark is a better description. Operating above the law and rationalizing their actions with supreme hubris.
Oh, the tangled web we weave, when others we are trying to deceive....
Outstanding work.
This is great! What a shame the NYT and WAPO, the tv news, and the CIA do not have the amazing research facilities and swarms of researchers that you obviously have, as their reports might be almost as thorough as yours.
Thanks for all the digging and for posting the results.
The Wilson/Plame CIA assault on the institution of the presidency, and by extension, the electoral process itself, is the big story.