Posted on 12/01/2001 8:04:47 PM PST by Phil V.
And then there are all those other sons by Keturah.
The following from the expert on the dhimmi under Islam, Bat Ye'or, in The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam (pp. 43ff.)
In 624 Muhammad, joined by more followers, called upon the Qaynuqa, one of the Jewish tribes of Medina, to recognize his prophetic mission. When they refused, he besieged and overcame them. On the intercession of one of their protectors---a recent convert to Islam---their lives were spared, but they were expelled from the city, their lands and a part of their possessions being confiscated by the Muslims. The following year the Jewish Nadir tribe suffered a similar fate: Muhammad burned down their palm groves and divided all their fields and houses among thecommunity of Believers. 4In 627 the Meccans sent a united force to lay siege to the Muslims in Medina but they withdrew suddenly on a stormy night and without fighting. However, guided by the angel Gabriel, Muhammad then turned his host against the Jewish tribe of the Qurayza, who had been neutral during the seige. Because the Jews refused conversion, Muhammad attacked and overwhelmed them. Trenches were then dug in the marketplace of Medina, and the Jews---six to nine hundred of them, according to traditional Muslim sources-----were led forth in batches and decapitated. All the menfolk perished in this way, with the exception of one convert to Islam. The Prophet then divided the women, children, houses, and chattels among the Muslims.5
Shrewd in political matters, Muhammad then endeavored to win over the powerful tibes of Mecca. In 628, taking advantage of a treaty of nonbelligerency (Hudaybiya) with the Meccans,6 he attacked the oasis of Khaybar, one hundred and forty kilometers northwest of Medina, cultivated by another Jewish tribe. The assailants came to the oasis at night and in the morning attacked the peasants as they were coming out to work in the fields, carrying spades and baskets.7 Their palm groves were burned down. After a siege lasting a month and a half, the inhabitants surrendered under the terms of a treaty known as the dhimma. According to this agreement Muhammad allowed the Jews to continue cultivating their oasis, on condition they ceded to him half of their produce; he also reserved the right to break the agreement and expel them whenever he wished.8 Subsequently, all the Jewish and Christian communities of Arabia submitted to the Muslims under the terms of a dhimma similar to that granted at Khaybar
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4. al-Bukhari (d. 869), Les Traditions Islamiques (Al-Sahih), trans. O. Houdas and W. Marcais (Paris, 1903-1914), vol. 2, title 41, chap 6; title 56, chap. 80; 3, chap. 154:2. This compilation of the acts and sayings attributed to Muhammad, completed in the ninth century, constitutes one of the two pillars of Islamic jurisprudence, the other being the contemporary compilation made by his younger disciple, Muslim (d. 875).
5. Idn Ishaq, pp. 461-69; M. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Mahomet (Paris, 1969), pp. 142-46; W. Montgomery Watt, "Muhammad", in the Cambridge History of Islam (Cambridge, 1970), 1:39-49.
6. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, p. 154: Bukhari, vol. 2, title 54, chap. 15.
7. Ibn Ishaq, p. 511; Bukhari, vol. 2, title 56, chaps. 102: 5, 130.
8. Ibn Ishaq, pp. 524-25; Bukhari, vol. 2, title 41, chaps. 8, 9, 11, 17, and title 57, chap. 19: 10. For example of the treaties between Muhammad and the Jews living in Makna (near Eilat), see al-Baladhuri, vol. 1, The Origins of the Islamic State (Kitab Futuh al-Buldan), trans. P.K. Hitti (New York, 1916), pp. 93-94.
Spot the "weed"". There's enough here to publish a field guide...
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| Passin Pilgrim | LeeAnn6 | tynker | Kudzu Flat |
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| Samaritan | Patria One | TBA | TBA |
Current Era: ??? Huh???
So, uh, you are saying what . . . Abraham should have been more of a MAN in his own house and when Sarah's insecurity over Ishmael's playing with Isaac caused her "concern" Abraham should not have banished Hagar & son?
Move up 1500 years, lint. What justifies your boy's extermination of the people of Dayr Yasin . . . all 254 men, women and children?
religion of peace? Are there any "clean" religions?
( (Hebrew: National Military Organization), )byname Etzel, Jewish right-wing underground movement in Palestine, founded in 1931. At first supported by many non-Socialist Zionist parties, in opposition to the Haganah, it became in 1936 an instrument of the Revisionist Party, an extreme nationalist group that had seceded from the World Zionist Organization and whose policies called for the use of force, if necessary, to establish a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan.
Irgun committed acts of terrorism and assassination against the British, whom it regarded as illegal occupiers, and it was also violently anti-Arab. Irgun also participated in the organization of illegal immigration into Palestine after the publication of the British White Paper on Palestine (1939), which severely limited immigration. Irgun's violent activities led to execution of many of its members by the British; in retaliation, Irgun executed British army hostages.
Irgun's members were extremely disciplined and daring, and their actions included the capture of ‘Akko (Acre) prison, a medieval fortress that not even Napoleon had succeeded in capturing. In the last days of the British mandate, it captured a large part of the city of Yafo (Jaffa).
On July 22, 1946, the Irgun blew up a wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, killing 91 soldiers and civilians (British, Arab, and Jewish). On April 9, 1947, a group of Irgun commandos raided the Arab village of Dayr Yasin (modern Kefar Sha’ul), killing all 254 of its inhabitants.
After the creation of Israel in 1948 the Irgun's last units disbanded and took the oath of loyalty to the Israeli defense forces on Sept. 1, 1948. Politically, it was the precursor of the Herut (Freedom) Party, one of Israel's most militant right-wing groups, later merged with the Liberals into the Gahal Party. See also Stern Gang.
I hate when that happens!
Hopefully I can catch up with you later.
I think we'll leave the tough subjects like how the founder of a religion, the Prophet of Peace (as compared to his followers) could be a thief and a murderer. One of the paradoxes of life I guess. But first you'll have to carefully distinguish between the founder and followers needless conflation leads to sloppy thinking. But as I said, you could leave these subjects to those more inclined to apply themselves to thinking rather than burping.
Insofar as Deir Yassin. Get an education here:
Deir Yassin: History of a Lie March 9, 1998
Introduction
For fifty years, critics of Israel have used the battle of Deir Yassin to blacken the image of the
Jewish State, alleging that Jewish fighters massacred hundreds of Arab civilians during a battle in
that Arab village near Jerusalem in 1948.
This analysis brings to light, for the first time, a number of important documents that have never
previously appeared in English, which help clarify what really happened in Deir Yassin on that
fateful day.
One is a research study conducted by a team of researchers from Bir Zeit University, an Arab
university now situated in Palestinian Authority territory, concerning the history of Deir Yassin and
the details of the battle. The researchers interviewed numerous former residents of the town and
reached startling conclusions concerning the actual number of people killed in the battle.
The second important work on this subject that has never previously appeared in English, and
which was consulted for this study, is a history of the 1948 war by Professor Uri Milstein, one of
Israel's most distinguished military historians. His 13-volume study of the 1948 war includes a
section on Deir Yassin based on detailed interviews with the participants in the battle and
previously-unknown archival documents. Professor Milstein's meticulous research has been
praised by academics from across the political spectrum.1
Another document used in this study is the protocols of a 1952 hearing, in which, for the first and
only time, Israeli judges heard eyewitness testimony from participants in the events at Deir Yassin
and issued a ruling that has important implications for understanding what happened in that battle.
This study is also based upon a unique collection of testimonies concerning the battle of Deir
Yassin, by participants and eyewitnesses, which are on file in Israel's Metzudat Ze'ev Archives
and have never before appeared in English.
The documents cited in this study were located in Israeli archives by a team of researchers and
legal scholars, with additional research in the United States by Chaviva Rosenbluth.
http://www.zoa.org/pubs/DeirYassin.htm
------------------------------------------------
Then find out when the Irgun and Stern were formed. You will find both were formed after years of Arab Islamic riots and murders. I guess the Jews like the Christians were just fighting the usual defensive battles again against the "religion of peace".
All: See "Who's Astonished Now", animated at post 47!
Well as a Catholic perhaps you do not see Abraham as your "father"
As a Christian I believe I worship the God of Abraham Issac and Jacob...I believe we are ingrafted into the family tree of Abraham by faith..
. . . the Deir Yassin lie has taken on a life of its own, making its way into authoritative texts such as encyclopedias,( my source - Britannica ) where it is being passed on to the next generation as established fact. The truth has struggled to catch up, but, step by step, it has gained ground. First there was the Israeli judicial ruling in 1952, an official recognition, by the very parties that had charged massacre, that the battle was, in fact, a legitimate military operation against enemy armed forces. Then came the Israeli Labor government's 1960 pamphlet describing Deir Yassin without any reference to the supposed massacre. Next, the Labor government's 1969 reversal, acknowledging the errors that Labor officials had made in 1948 and officially clearing the Jewish fighters of the charge that they committed atrocities. Finally, in 1987, the Bir Zeit University study--Arab researchers confirming that one of the central claims of the accusers, the death toll of 254, was a wild and reckless exaggeration. Taken together, these developments and revelations have exposed, once and for all, the lie of the Deir Yassin "massacre." It has taken fifty years, but the truth has finally caught up.
Before you decide to stick around look at this post - LINK in "honor" of "dead" Freepers.
All (many) of those Screen names represent Freepers who began as inocuously as you - professing a desire to enlighten. The most reasonable ARE THE MOST DANGEROUS. They soon join the "disappeared".
Good luck!
1 For example, Benny Morris, dean of Israel's leftwing "new historians," has written that Milstein's
study "will most likely turn out to be the definitive military history of the 1948 war...No one is
likely to surpass the sheer breadth, depth, and scope of this work...Israeli military history has now
been pulled up to a new, higher and refreshing plane." (Morris, "'Pre-History' vs. 'History',
Jerusalem Post, 9 May 1989, p.40).
2 Sharif Kanani and Nihad Zitawi, Deir Yassin, Monograph No.4, Destroyed Palestinian Villages
Documentation Project (Bir Zeit: Documentation Center of Bir Zeit University, 1987), p.6.
3 Uri Milstein, The War of Independence: Out of Crisis Came Decision - Volume IV [Hebrew]
(Tel Aviv: Zmora-Bitan Publishers, 1991), p. 256.
4 Milstein, p.253 (interview with Yehoshua Arieli, 11 December 1987).
5 Milstein, pp.277-278.
6 Milstein, p.255 (interview with Moshe Barzili, 9 May 1982).
7 Israel Ministry of Defense, David Shaltiel: Jerusalem 1948 (Tel Aviv: Israel Ministry of Defense,
1981), p. 139.
8 Milstein, p.260 (interview with Shimon Monita).
9 Milstein, p.260 (interview with Moshe Idelstein).
10 Testimony of Patchiah Zalivensky, Metzudat Ze'ev [Jabotinsky Archives, Tel Aviv] (hereafter
cited as MZ); Milstein, p.260 (interview with Yehoshua Zettler).
11 Milstein, p.260 (interview with Moshe Barzili).
12 Milstein, p.260 (interview with Yehoshua Zettler).
13 Milstein, p.260, quoting "Report by 'Elazar' [Gihon's Haganah code name]," 10 April 1948.
14 Milstein, p.260 (interview with Mordechai Gihon).
15 Milstein, p.260, quoting "Report of the Haganah's [Anti-Dissident] Unit on the Deir Yassin
Action."
16 Testimony of Mordechai Ra'anan, MZ; Testimony of Yehuda Lapidot, MZ; Testimony of
Yehoshua Gorodenchik, MZ; Milstein, p.262 (interviews with Mordechai Ra'anan and Yehuda
Lapidot).
17 Milstein, pp.255-256; Bernard Wasserstein, The British in Palestine: The Mandatory
Government and the Arab-Jewish Conflict 1917-1929 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1978),
p.69.
18 Yitshaq Ben-Ami, Years of Wrath, Days of Glory (New York: Shengold, 1983), p.439.
19 Milstein, p.257 (interview with Mordechai Gihon). Milstein found the report in the Israel
Defense Forces Archives, War of Independence Collection 83/17, Reports of "Teneh," 9 April
1948.
20 Milstein interview with Haganah agent Yona Ben-Sasson, 12 November 1980; also, Milstein,
citing the Ben-Nur Report in the David Shaltiel Archives.
21 "Shots in Jerusalem,"Davar, 4 April 1948, p.2.
22 Milstein, p. 257, citing the Israel Defense Forces Archives, War of Independence Collection
88/17, "From Hashmonai," 4 April 1948, 10:00 A.M.
23 Milstein, p. 257, citing the Israel Defense Forces Archives, War of Independence Collection
88/17, "From Sa'ar," 4 April 1948, 10:00 A.M.
24 Testimony of David Gottlieb, MZ; Milstein, pp.257-258, citing the Israel Defense Forces
Archives, War of Independence Collection 21/17, "From Hashmonai," 4 April 1948.
25 Milstein, p. 258, citing "Operations Log - Arza," 4 April 1948, 17:00 hours, Broadcast #562,
Israel Defense Forces Archive, War of Independence Collection, 88/17.
26 Milstein, p.258 (interview with Mordechai Gihon).
27 Milstein, p.258, citing Israel Defense Forces Archive, War of Independence Collection, 228/3,
Operation Log, 9 April 1948, 2:40 a.m.
28 Testimony of Benzion Cohen, MZ; Testimony of Yehuda Lapidot, MZ.
29 Ilan Kafir, "Three Accounts of Deir Yassin" (Hebrew), Yediot Ahronot, 4 April 1972, p.3.
30 Ron Miberg, "They Showed Us the Photographs!" (Hebrew), Monitin, April 1981, p.37.
31 Milstein interview with Harif, p.262.
32 Milstein, p.263 (interview with Zalivensky).
33 Yachin's testimony is quoted at length in Lynne Reid Banks, A Torn Country: An Oral History
of the Israeli War of Independence (New York: Franklin Watts, 1982), pp. 58-65.
34 Milstein, p.265 (interviews with Yehuda Lapidot and Yehoshua Gorodenchik).
35 Milstein, p.265, citing Israel Defense Forces Archive, Yitzhak Levy collection, "Report of
Yaakov Weg."
36 Testimony of Reuven Greenberg.
37 Testimony of Yehoshua Gorodenchik, MZ.
38 Banks, op.cit., p.62.
39 Testimony of Yehoshua Gorodenchik, MZ.
40 Milstein, pp.264-265, interviews with Ezra Yachin, Mordechai Ra'anan, Benzion Cohen and
Yehuda Lapidot; Testimonies of Mordechai Ra'anan, Benzion Cohen, and Yehuda Lapidot.
41 Milstein, p.263, interview with Uri Brenner; Daniel Spicehandler's testimony, quoted in Ralph
G. Martin, Golda: Golda Meir - The Romantic Years (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,
1988), p.329.
42 Testimony of Yehoshua Gorodenchik, MZ. Benny Morris, a harsh critic of the IZL and Lehi,
has characterized Gorodenchik's testimony as "confused." (Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian
Refugee Problem (New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p.323, n.175.
43 Milstein, p.264, (interview with Mordechai Gihon and "Report of Etzioni intelligence officer").
44 Milstein, p.266.
45 Testimony of Mordechai (Kaufman) Ra'anan, 30 June 1952, Procotol of the Board
of Appeals in Appeal 89-90-92-96/51, p.7, File kaf-10/9, MZ. 46 Milstein, p. 266 (interviews
with Moshe Eren, Kalman Rosenblatt, and David Gottlieb).
47 Natan Yellin-Mor, Fighters for the Freedom of Israel [Hebrew] (Jerusalem: Shikmona
Publishers, 1974), p.472; Milstein, p.267 (interviews with Moshe Barzili and Shimon Monita, and
Testimony of Yaffa Bedian).
48 Milstein, p.255 (interviews with Meir Pa'il; interviews with Yitzhak Levy; interview with David
Cohen, 18 July 1987; interview with David Shaltiel; interview with Yehoshua Arieli; Testimony of
Meir Pa'il, 10 May 1971).
49 Milstein, p.259 (Testimony of Meir Pa'il; interviews with Moshe Idelstein).
50 Miberg, op.cit., p.36.
51 Pa'il quoted in Yerach Tal, "There Was No Massacre There" [Hebrew], Ha'aretz, 8
September 1991, pp.2-3.
52 Milstein, p.274 (interviews with Yehoshua Zettler, Mordechai Ra'anan, Moshe Barzili, Yehuda
Lapidot, Patchia Zalivensky, Moshe Idelstein, Moshe Eren, Shlomo Havilov, Yehoshua Arieli);
Testimonies of David Shaltiel, Zalman Meret, Zion Eldad, and Yeshurun Schiff, MZ.
53 Tal, op.cit.
54 Miberg, p.39.
55 Ha'aretz, 8 September 1991; Miberg, op.cit.
56 Milstein, p.275.
57 Pa'il, quoted in Kafir, op.cit.
58 Milstein, p.275 (interview with Yona Ben-Sasson).
59 The relevant sections of Reynier's report are translated in Walid
Khalidi, ed. From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948
(Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1987), pp.761-766.
60 Reynier, 762, 763.
61 Ibid., p.762.
62 Ibid., pp.763, 764.
63 Milstein, p.269.
64 Milstein,p.269 (interview with Moshe Barzili).
65 Ibid., 764-765.
66 Milstein, pp.269-270 (interview with Alfred Engel, 7 December 1987).
67 Milstein, p.260.
68 Eric Silver, Begin: The Haunted Prophet (New York: Random House, 1984), p.93.
69 Ibid., p.95.
70 Uri Avnery, Israel Without Zionists: A Plea for Peace in the Middle East (New York: The
Macmillan Company, 1968), p.196. Avnery also got the date of the battle wrong, as well as the
time of day it took place. He stated that the IZL and Lehi captured Deir Yassin in a "night battle";
the battle actually began at dawn and continued until mid-day. He asserted that the "massacre"
took place on April 10, when in fact the Arabs who died were killed --however they were killed--
on April 9.
71 Yellin-Mor, op.cit.
72 "Agency Berates Massacre," Palestine Post, 12 April 1948, p.1.
73 Israel Ministry of Defense, David Shaltiel, Jerusalem 1948 (Tel Aviv: Israel Ministry of
Defense, 1981), p.139. In what may be another instance of post-battle recriminations, but this
time coming from the IZL-Lehi side, Lehi member Reuven Greenberg later claimed that after the
battle, a Palmach member killed an Arab civilian with a small explosive charge. (Testimony of
Reuven Greenberg, MZ.) Lehi veteran Baruch Nadel described a similar incident in Kati Marton's
A Death in Jerusalem (New York: Pantheon, 1994, p.29), although Marton translated Nadel's
reference to the perpetrator as "an Israeli" (rather than "a Palmach member") which seems
inaccurate, since the State of Israel did not yet exist at the time of the incident. Yisrael Segal,
correspondent for the leftwing Israeli magazine Koteret Raishit, examined Greenberg's testimony
and concluded that it "is almost certainly drawn mainly from the imagination." Segal notes that
Greenberg's account of the killing of the Arab "has no corroboration from other testimonies."
Questioning Greenberg's credibility as a witness, Segal characterizes him as "a man with a
checkered past who was involved in many political and criminal capers in the first years of the
state...Greenberg knew how to tell tales." (Segal, "The Deir Yassin File" [Hebrew], Koteret
Raishit, 19 January 1983, p.8.)
74 Decision of the Board of Appeals in Appeal 89/51 (Aryeh Halperin v. Benefits Officer), File:
kaf 4-10/2, MZ.
75 Milstein, pp.269-270 (interview with Alfred Engel, 7 December 1987).
76 Spicehandler testimony in Martin, op.cit.
77 Silver, p.95
78 David Shaltiel, Jerusalem 1948, p.140; Aryeh Yitzhaki, "Deir Yassin--Not Through a Warped
Mirror," Yediot Ahronot, 14 April 1972, p.17.
79 Thurston Clarke, By Blood and Fire: July 22, 1946 - The Attack on Jerusalem's King David
Hotel (New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons, 1981), p.224; Nicholas Bethell, The Palestine Triangle:
The Struggle for the Holy Land, 1935-48 (New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons, 1979) p.156.
80 A long excerpt from Catling's report may be found in Collins and Lapierre, p.276.
81 Spicehandler testimony in Martin, op.cit.
82 Milstein, p.274 (interviews with Shimon Monita, Moshe Idelstein, Yona Feitelson, and
Mordechai Gihon).
83 Menachem Begin, The Revolt (Los Angeles: Nash, 1972), p.163.
84 Milstein, pp.268-269 (interview with Mordechai Ra'anan).
85 Milstein, p.269 (Testimony of Meir Pa'il).
86 Milstein, p.273 (interview with David Cohen, 18 July 1987). Pa'il used the figure in Yediot
Ahronot, 20 April 1972. But in 1989, he wrote that in his report to Galili, "the number of those
murdered was not mentioned at all, since we did not then know the number." (Uri Milstein, "The
Speech Which Was Not Given" [Hebrew], Ha'aretz, 10 March 1989, p. 15.)
87 Silver, op.cit., pp.95-96.
88 Kanani and Zitawi, Deir Yassin (Bir Zeit study), p.5.
89 Ibid., p.7.
90 Ibid., pp.7-.8.
91 Ibid., p.57.
92 Milstein, p.273 (interview with Mordechai Ra'anan).
93 "Arabs Charge Cruelty," Palestine Post, 12 April 1948, p.1; Schmidt, "Arabs Say Kastel...,"
op.cit.
94 The relevant sections of Reynier's report are translated in Walid Khalidi, ed. From Haven to
Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948 (Washington: Institute for
Palestine Studies, 1987), pp.761-766.
95 Dana Adams Schmidt, Armageddon in the Middle East (New York: The John Day Company,
1974), pp.4-5.
96 Dana Adams Schmidt, "200 Arabs Killed, Stronghold Taken," New York Times, 10 April
1948, p.6.
97 Schmidt, Armageddon, p.5.
98 Dana Adams Schmidt, "Arabs Say Kastel Has Been Retaken; Jews Deny Claim," New York
Times, 12 April 1948, p.1.
99 "A Haganah Plane Downed by British," New York Times, 13 April 1948, p.7.
100 Ben Halpern, The Idea of the Jewish State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
1969), p.480, n.60.
101 "A Haganah Plane...," op.cit.
102 "Palestine: War for the Jerusalem Road," Time, 19 April 1948, pp.34-35.
103 R.M. Graves, Experiment in Anarchy (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1949), p.179.
104 William Polk, David Stamler, and Edmund Asfour Backdrop to Tragedy: The Struggle for
Palestine (Boston: Beacon Hill Press, 1957), p.290; Christopher Sykes, Crossroads to Israel
(Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company, 1965), p.351.
105 Alfred M. Lilienthal, The Zionist Connection: What Price Peace? (New York: Dodd, Mead
& Co., 1978), p.795, n.23; David McDowall, Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), p.298, n.44; Desmond Stewart, The Middle
East: Temple of Janus (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971), p.314; Nathan Weinstock, Zionism:
False Messiah (London: Ink Links Ltd, 1979), p.303, n.45.
106 Arthur Koestler, Promise and Fulfilment: Palestine 1917-1949 (New York: The MacMillan
Company, 1949), p.160.
107 Weinstock, op.cit., p.305, n.23; Lilienthal, op.cit., p.795, n.40; Charles D. Smith, Palestine
and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992), p.150, n.64; Nicholas
Bethell, The Palestine Triangle: The Struggle for the Holy Land, 1935-48 (New York:
G.P.Putnam's Sons, 1979), pp.354-355.
108 McDowall, op.cit., p.299, n.44; David Gilmour, "The 1948 Arab Exodus: 2. What Really
Happened," Middle East International No.288 (21 November 1985), pp.15-17.
109 Jon Kimche, Seven Fallen Pillars: The Middle East, 1915-1950 (London: Secker and
Warburg, 1950) is cited by, among other books, Sydney D. Bailey, Four Arab-Israeli Wars and
the Peace Process (London: Macmillan, 1990); Noam Chomsky, The Fateful Triangle: The
United States, Israel and the Palestinians (Boston: South End Press, 1983); and David Gilmour,
Dispossessed: The Ordeal of the Palestinians, 1917-1980 (London: Sidgwick and Jackson,
1980).
110 Israel's Struggle for Peace (New York: Israel Office of Information, 1960), pp.41-42.
111 Background Notes on Current Themes - No.6: Dir Yassin (Jerusalem: Ministry for Foreign
Affairs, Information Division, 16 March 1969), pp. 1-2.
112 Ibid., pp.2-3.
113 Ibid., p.4
114 Ibid., p.5-6.
115 Ibid., p.6.
116 Quoted in Shaul Mishal and Reuben Aharoni, Speaking Stones: Communiques from the
Intifada Underground (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1994), p.223.
117 Abu Iyad with Eric Rouleau, My Home, My Land (New York: Times Books, 1981), p.4.
118 Edward Said, The Question of Palestine (New York: Times Books, 1979), p.44.
119 Issa Nakhleh, on p.570 of John Norton Moore, ed., The Arab Israeli Conflict - Volume I:
Readings (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974).
120 Sami Hadawi and Robert John, Palestine Diary - Volume Two: 1945-1948 (New York:
New World Press, 1972), p.328.
121 Eugene M. Fisher and M. Cherif Bassiouni, Storm Over the Arab World: A People in
Revolution (Chicago: Follett, 1972), p.44.
122 This allegation appears in, for example, William R. Polk, The Elusive Peace: The Middle East
in the Twentieth Century (New York: St.Martin's Press, 1979), p.144: John Marlowe, The Seat
of Pilate: An Account of the Palestine Mandate (London: The Cresset Press, 1959), p.245; and
George Lenczowksi, The Middle East in World Affairs (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1962),
p.400.
123 William Polk, David Stamler, and Edmund Asfour Backdrop to Tragedy: The Struggle for
Palestine (Boston: Beacon Hill Press, 1957), p.291. 124 Cheryl A. Rubenberg, in Roselle
Tekiner, Samir Abed-Rabbo, and Norton Mezvinsky, eds. Anti-Zionism: Analytical Reflections
(Brattleboro, VT: Amana Books, 1989), p.189.
125 Geoffrey Furlonge, Palestine is My Country: The Story of Musa Alami (John Murray,
London 1969), p.155
126 Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1996), p.333.
127 New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982, p.62.
128 New York: Praeger, 1975.
129 Eshkol: The Man and the Nation (New York: Pitman, 1969), p.130.
130 Samuel Katz, Days of Fire (Jerusalem: Steimatzky's, 1968), p.215.
131 Said, op.cit., p.44.
132 Gerald Kaufman, To Build the Promised Land (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1973),
p.139.
133 Lois A. Aroian and Richard P. Mitchell, The Modern Middle East and North Africa (New
York and London: Macmillan and Collier Macmillan, 1984), p.245.
134 Christina Jones, The Untempered Wind: Forty Years in Palestine (London: Longman, 1975),
p.90.
135 Martin Wright, ed. Israel and the Palestinians (London: Longman, 1989), p.24).
136 Jamal R. Nassar, The Palestine Liberation Organization: From Armed Struggle to the
Declaration of Independence (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1991), p.24, n.57.
137 Punyapriya Dasgupta, Cheated by the World: The Palestinian Experience (London: Sangam
Books, 1988), p.82, n.39.
138 Sami Hadawi, Bitter Harvest: Palestine Between 1914-1979 (Delmar, NY: The Caravan
Books, 1979), pp.80-81.
139 Menachem Begin, The Revolt: The Memoirs of the Commander of the Irgun Zvai Leumi in
Eretz Yisrael [Hebrew](Tel Aviv: Achiasaf Publishers, 1950).
140 Maxime Rodinson, Israel: A Colonial-Settler State? (New York: Monad Press, 1973),
p.114, n.109; Erskine Childers, "The Other Exodus," The Spectator, 12 May 1961; Stewart
Perowne, "Levant Dusk: The Refugee Situation," in Walter Z. Laqueur, ed., The Middle East in
Transition (New York: Praeger, 1958), p.222.
141 Desmond Stewart, The Middle East: Temple of Janus (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971),
p.314; Desmond Stewart, The Palestinians: Victims of Expediency (London: Quartet Books,
1982), p.62.
142 Kenneth Cragg, This Year in Jerusalem: Israel in Experience (London: Darton, Longman &
Todd, 1982), p.56.
143 "Israel and Judaism," Christian Century, 16 March 1949, p.328.
144 Andrew Sinclair, Jerusalem: The Endless Crusade (New York: Crown, 1995), p.232.
145 Dan Kurzman, Genesis 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (New York: World Publishing,
1970), pp. xi, 138-149.
146 J. Bowyer Bell, Terror Out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI, and the Palestine Underground,
1929-1949 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979), p.296.
147 Melvin I. Urofsky, We Are One! American Jewry and Israel (Garden City, NY: Anchor
Press/Doubleday, 1978), p.485. Bell is also the only source cited for the Deir Yassin massacre
charge in Stephen Green's Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel (New
York: William Morrow and Company, 1984), p.260, n.15.
148 Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, O Jerusalem (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972),
pp.274-276.
149 David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East
(London and Boston: Faber and Faber, 1977). Collins and Lapierre wrote, "Its [Deir Yassin's]
assailants killed, they looted, and finally they raped." (p.275) Hirst wrote, "The attackers killed,
looted, and finally they raped." (p.125) Books listing Hirst as a source include: Yemima Rosenthal,
ed. Documents on the Foreign Policy of Israel: Volume 3 - Armistice Negotiations with the Arab
States December 1948-July 1949 (Jerusalem: Government Printer, 1981; Dilip Hiro, Inside the
Middle East (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982); John W. Amos II, Palestinian Resistance:
Organization of a Nationalist Movement ((New York: Pergamon Press, 1980); and David
Gilmour, Dispossessed: The Ordeal of the Palestinians 1917-1980 (London: Sidgwick and
Jackson, 1980).
150 Collins and Lapierre, op.cit., p.584.
151 Kimmerling and Migdal, op.cit., p.151.
152 Kanani and Zitawi, Deir Yassin (Bir Zeit study), p.7.
153 Tessler, op.cit., p.291.
154 Ibid., pp.292-293.
155 Yaacov Shimoni and Evyatar Levine, eds.Political Dictionary of the Middle East in the 20th
Century (New York: Quadrangle/New York Times Books, 1974, p.36; Congressional Quarterly,
The Middle East (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1991), p.13; Eli Barnavi,
ed.Historical Atlas of the Jewish People (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), pp.244, 276;
Judah Gribetz, ed. Timetables of Jewish History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), p.495;
Bernard Reich, ed.Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1996), pp.128-129, 247.
156 Peretz has served as an official of a number of extreme-left organizations, including the Jewish
Committee on the Middle East (as a member of its Advisory Committee), which calls for halting all
U.S. aid to Israel; the Jewish Peace Lobby (as a member of its Policy Council), which lobbies in
Washington for PLO statehood; Breira (as a member of its board of directors), the first American
Jewish group to call for an Israeli retreat to the pre-1967 borders; and the Committee for New
Alternatives in the Middle East (as a member of its Steering Committee), which lobbied against
U.S. arms shipments to Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Peretz's two Deir Yassin entries
appeared in Reeva S. Simon, Philip Mattar, and Richard W. Bulliet, eds. Encyclopedia of the
Modern Middle East (New York: Simon & Schuster - Macmillan, 1996), pp.546-547, and Don
Peretz, Library in a Book: The Arab-Israel Dispute (New York: Facts on File, 1996), pp.39,
121.
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