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Darwinism & the Culture of Death
New Oxford Review ^ | June 2006 | Anne Barbeau Gardiner

Posted on 06/13/2006 7:25:15 AM PDT by Politically Correct

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To: beavus
The fallacy is evident in the claim. If the claim is that the issuer of a statement has ANY BEARING WHATSOEVER on the truth of the statement, then the claim is FALSE. What you speak of is delegation to experts, which is a pragmatic and not always successful approach to getting things done, not to gaining a personal understanding.

I agree, if Aristotle had thought that the the fact that this or that person issued a statement made that statement true, he would have indeed been committing a fallacy.

However, Aristotle is making an epistemic claim, not a metaphysical one. He is not saying that someone or many someones or many expert someones believing a proposition can make that proposition true. Nor does he write of simply deleting to experts in all cases, although he respects specialization. Aristotle is simply saying that there is usually at least a grain of truth in the beliefs of the masses and the experts, so that many people holding a belief counts as evidence in its favor, just as most people holding a proposition to be counter-intuitive counts as evidence against it. Aristotle would then see if he could work out the contradictions between the various beliefs of contending experts and the masses and form a hypothesis from them he could measure against his own observation and reasoning.

Remember, Aristotle took biology to be the model science at a time when the facts about it could be observed by the masses nearly as easily as they could be observed by experts, whereas Plato modeled philosophy upon mathematics. Aristotle also wanted to make sure that he used language that was not unduly specialized, so that he would not fall into providing "proofs" that accomplished their objective by switching definitions of the same terms in the middle of the argument. The article below is an example of the sort of thing Aristotle examined:

Lactic Acid Is Not Muscles' Foe, It's Fuel
Everyone who has even thought about exercising has heard the warnings about lactic acid. It builds up in your muscles. It is what makes your muscles burn. Its buildup is what makes your muscles tire and give out.

Coaches and personal trainers tell athletes and exercisers that they have to learn to work out at just below their "lactic threshold," that point of diminishing returns when lactic acid starts to accumulate. Some athletes even have blood tests to find their personal lactic thresholds.

But that, it turns out, is all wrong. Lactic acid is actually a fuel, not a caustic waste product. Muscles make it deliberately, producing it from glucose, and they burn it to obtain energy. The reason trained athletes can perform so hard and so long is because their intense training causes their muscles to adapt so they more readily and efficiently absorb lactic acid.

It is clear that the old lactic acid theory cannot explain what is happening to muscles, Dr. Brooks and others said.

Yet, Dr. Brooks said, even though coaches often believed in the myth of the lactic acid threshold, they ended up training athletes in the best way possible to increase their mitochondria. "Coaches have understood things the scientists didn't," he said.

Through trial and error, coaches learned that athletic performance improved when athletes worked on endurance, running longer and longer distances, for example.


That, it turns out, increased the mass of their muscle mitochondria, letting them burn more lactic acid and allowing the muscles to work harder and longer. Just before a race, coaches often tell athletes to train very hard in brief spurts.

That extra stress increases the mitochondria mass even more, Dr. Brooks said, and is the reason for improved performance.

Aspects of Aristotle's approach still can be useful today. I imagine, like Dr. Brooks, Aristotle would have looked at opinions of the scientists, coaches and athletes as well as their experience, since in this case as in cases Aristotle investigated, explicitly held beliefs are not always implicitly held-- that is, practice does not always follow explicitly held belief. He would have tried to examine the contradictions between them-- perhaps asking, "why do the coaches say the Lactic acid theory is true but act as though it is not?", develop a hypothesis and measure that hypothesis against his own empirical observations.
561 posted on 06/20/2006 7:35:55 AM PDT by mjolnir ("All great change in America begins at the dinner table.")
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To: beavus; betty boop; Alamo-Girl
[[ "As "the" observer?.. or the objective scientist?.." {response} As a thinking person. ]]

I see.. you havn't thought about this subject very deeply..

There are other subjects; but what is "thought?" takes some sneaking up on..

562 posted on 06/20/2006 7:44:57 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole..)
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To: Doctor Stochastic

"It's not too hard; compute the volume of a 30,000 ft spherical shell of radius 4000 miles; compute the energy needed to vaporise that amount; divide by the amout of energy coming from the sun."

Oh, but we forgot the ZAP constant that God applied. I saw it once on Bewitched, and then again when watching Jeanie. See what God does is defy all laws of Physics, Conservation of Energy, etc. and just does a blink boing oing oing, and it is done. Helps to get past all the pesky math problems.


563 posted on 06/20/2006 9:38:42 AM PDT by SaveUS
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To: starbase; betty boop; xzins; hosepipe
Now that I’m rested up, let’s have a “go” at your question, starbase!

Well, it occurred to me, and here's where your "time as geometry" comment caught my eye, that if one had the power, if you would just grant the premise, to place every atom in the exact place it was at some previous point(and I mean every atom, all atoms of furniture, buildings, plants, even hormones and cells inside of living things), if every single one of those atoms were placed at the exact point as in some "previous" period of time, then that "time" would be, in every perceivable way, identical to the original "time", and in fact "time" would not exist, because time would then be defined as purely motion. So, I thought, does that mean that time is motion and there is no such thing as time?

And then I thought, if some force had that power, then perhaps not one second has passed, ever. Right now, everything we perceive could have been placed there just an instant ago, but it would appear to mimic the physical location of all atoms at some other period of "time", or, any given physical/time configuration, if you will.

So I concluded that time itself is powerless and completely subservient to motion, or as I understand your above comment, there is no time without geometry (or in my parlance, no time without motion (and motion, of course, requires space and geometry)).

To explore your musings, I suggest we return to the frog view (Aristotle) versus the bird view (Plato). For a more thorough discussion of the philosophy involved, please see the links at post 556.

The frog only sees what occurs on his worldline “in” space/time – his motion, if you will.

To him, causality gives the sense of time passing. Aristotle mused that the act of counting is the essence of time. Later scientists would mention entropy, the second law of thermodynamics. In either case, the phenomenon of cause/effect gives a sense of time passing.

That is probably why the frog only sees time as a line - absolute and abstract – and physical reality as three spatial dimensions (x, y and z) evolving over that absolute timeline (t).

The frog must obey the speed limit of the universe, i.e. the speed of light. If he were moving at the speed of light, for the frog, no time would elapse (null path).

Even though the frog view is reduced to his own worldline, he nevertheless is aware of time dilation and thus understands that while 25.3 years elapse in his spacecraft traveling at the constant acceleration of one earth’s gravity, 5x1010 years would elapse on earth: Spacetime Wheel

The frog’s clock is stuck on absolute time which is always a line and never a plane.

In sum, the frog is a corporeal spatiotemporal creature on a worldline in three spatial dimensions evolving over time. His entire existence is self referential. He cannot go backward or forward on his own worldline or in his own lightcone – much less anyone else’s.

The frog would say that space/time is created by the energy/matter to which he is so keenly attuned. He is all about energy/matter and thinks in terms of particles more so than waves. For many frogs, if he can’t see it with a microscope or telescope, it doesn’t exist.

So ends the frog.

Enter the bird.

The equivalence principle supports the bird view. The principle derives from the Newtonian notion that all objects fall with the same acceleration and thus how fast object accelerates (inertial mass) and gravitational mass are the same.

Thus falling toward gravity indentations of space/time (general relativity) and velocity are equivalent.

The reverse is also true for the acceleration of the universe (space/time) itself. Further, a bird might observe that that dark energy is negative gravity - or space/time “outdents” – which cause the universe’s expansion to accelerate.

As an example, let’s say a galaxy is so far away that the light from it that we see today left the galaxy when the universe was a small fraction of its present age (and size) and has been traveling for 12 billion years. If the galaxy were only 1 billion light years away at the time the light was sent out, why would it take 12 billion years to travel 1 billion light years distance?

The answer is the expansion of space/time. Thus whereas the light from the far galaxy is traveling at a constant speed, it nevertheless takes longer to get here. The reverse would be true in a contraction of space/time.

Space/time is a continuum. Time is geometric.

So whereas the frog cannot help you, starbase, the bird can – providing of course that the bird can bend spacetime into the shape of a bagel (or worse) by pulling your bundle of space/time coordinates to the destination space/time coordinates of your choice.

But here’s the catch: the bird would say that energy/matter is created by the space/time changing or expanding.

Each of your moving constituent particles is a twisted line with a beginning and an end.

(Remember that the bird sees the movie all at once whereas the frog only sees it one frame at a time.)

You therefore are a bundle of twisted lines “in” four dimensional space/time which correspond to the information (mathematical structure) that is “you”.

So when the bird bends space/time to move your bundle else where and else when - all of the lines must move for you to remain “you” (actually the information of you).

The only way for you to be a “moment” in space/time would be to reduce yourself to a single point – no lines.

The bird would prefer this anyway, because he doesn’t see just four dimensions – three of space and one of time. Thus when he is “flying” in a higher dimension, especially a time-like dimension – your “lines” are broken – an arm here, a leg there (LOL!) – only much more fragmented at level of particle/wave.

And as a single point it is easier for the bird to bend space/time and move you to some other time and place. But, alas, you would correlate to no meaningful information, the “you” would be gone.

But keep the hope, because in Tegmark’s Level IV parallel universe model (the only closed model known to me) - the information which is you (or mathematical structures in his model) exists “beyond” space/time. So even as a bundle of lines, there exists a blueprint or form for you.

For Lurkers: I often speak of “weighing anchor” in mortal death – that means a relocation of our awareness from the space/time continuum to “beyond” it. That awareness is a gift of the indwelling Spirit when we believe in Christ. It is particularly thrilling that we have the beyond awareness even while yet “in” the flesh – just a bit foggy, like seeing through a glass, darkly.

564 posted on 06/20/2006 9:58:06 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: betty boop

Getting my popcorn again...


565 posted on 06/20/2006 10:45:20 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: Alamo-Girl; starbase
Excellent meditation at #564, Alamo-Girl! Thank you ever so much for posting it!
566 posted on 06/20/2006 11:04:17 AM PDT by betty boop (The universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. -J.B.S. Haldane)
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To: betty boop

Thank you for the encouragements, dearest sister in Christ!


567 posted on 06/20/2006 11:27:12 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: betty boop

"what statement would you like me to explain?"

Explain why the following statement is important to you:

"You remember Aristotle, said to be the Father of science and the first great systematizer of logic."


568 posted on 06/20/2006 1:44:28 PM PDT by beavus (Even conservatives hate capitalism. Just less so than liberals.)
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To: beavus; Alamo-Girl
"You remember Aristotle, said to be the Father of science and the first great systematizer of logic."

You wanted to know why this statement is important to me.

Actually beavus, I tend to be a Platonist myself. :^)

However the statement is important to me, from a history of philosophy point of view. Back in his time, science was called "natural philosophy," a usage that actually persisted until the 19th century. Plus I very much admire the work Aristotle did on causation; plus he is generally regarded as the first great systematizer of logic; this is not my "opinion."

569 posted on 06/20/2006 2:02:57 PM PDT by betty boop (The universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. -J.B.S. Haldane)
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To: betty boop

"However the statement is important to me, from a history of philosophy point of view. Back in his time, science was called "natural philosophy," a usage that actually persisted until the 19th century. Plus I very much admire the work Aristotle did on causation;"

So far so good, then...

"plus he is generally regarded as the first great systematizer of logic"

Why should you care how he is regarded? Is it understanding you seek, or idols?


570 posted on 06/20/2006 2:23:17 PM PDT by beavus (Even conservatives hate capitalism. Just less so than liberals.)
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To: Alamo-Girl
Thanks, that is quite an informative post. I really enjoyed reading it and looking over the references.

I see my musings were at least in the ball park. One of the links you provided stated this about Special Relativity:

Physically, this means that there is no absolute spacetime, no absolute frame of reference with respect to which position and velocity are defined. Only relative positions and velocities between objects are meaningful.

That I take as confirmation of my thought that if I had the power to place every atom in a particular place then time would cease to exist, until I let the atoms start moving again.

Yes, the frog is a mundane creature. Very like some people we all are familiar with.

I suppose if I had enough atoms I could create 10 worlds, all exact replicas of our world in 1880, and on all 10 it would really be 1880, ten different times. They might even eventually contact one another. Maybe I should do some science fiction writing.

Of course a natural question is, if I recomposed the atoms from some previous time period, including the people, would everything happen, and would people make the same choices, that they did on previous iterations of that space time? Well that leads into free will and master plans, and I don't want to get too far off topic (this is supposed to be about Darwinism and the Culture of Death (catchy movie title!)).

Thanks a bunch, you've given me lots of information and lots of reference links to explore and think over for the next couple of weeks. I must ponder that bird and the twisted line definition of self a bit further!
571 posted on 06/20/2006 5:46:30 PM PDT by starbase (Understanding Written Propaganda (click "starbase" to learn 22 manipulating tricks!!))
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To: starbase
I'm so glad you enjoyed the meditation and the links!

I suppose if I had enough atoms I could create 10 worlds, all exact replicas of our world in 1880, and on all 10 it would really be 1880, ten different times. They might even eventually contact one another. Maybe I should do some science fiction writing.

That sounds like a great setup for a fascinating scifi novel. Go for it, starbase!
572 posted on 06/20/2006 9:59:56 PM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: Alamo-Girl
Quite a trip you took from your starbase in #564.. A-G..
I almost made it to the Spiritual dimension... while reading it..
573 posted on 06/21/2006 5:58:10 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole..)
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To: beavus
Why should you care how he is regarded? Is it understanding you seek, or idols?

Forgive me, but what an idiotic thing to say, beavus! We stand on the shoulders of giants. Aristotle is such a giant. Western civilization wouldn't be what it is without him.

574 posted on 06/21/2006 6:04:39 AM PDT by betty boop (The universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. -J.B.S. Haldane)
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To: starbase; Alamo-Girl; hosepipe; xzins
Physically, this means that there is no absolute spacetime, no absolute frame of reference with respect to which position and velocity are defined. Only relative positions and velocities between objects are meaningful.

And yet as Einstein insisted, the physical laws are the same for all observers, regardless of their position or velocity. The universe is unified by law, irrespective of the views of observers: That is what makes it "one." (from the Latin uni -- "one" + verso -- "turn.")

I've read that Einstein wasn't really happy that his theory was named "relativity." He was afraid people would mistake that word for "relativism," which would totally undermine this above central insight. He would have preferred to call it the "theory of invariance," IIRC. But it didn't turn out that way.

Well, so much for interesting trivia! Thank you, starbase and Alamo-Girl, for your delightful exchange of ideas!

575 posted on 06/21/2006 6:22:19 AM PDT by betty boop (The universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. -J.B.S. Haldane)
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To: hosepipe
I almost made it to the Spiritual dimension... while reading it..

LOLOL! You're not always riding the donkey, hosepipe.
576 posted on 06/21/2006 8:01:16 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: betty boop
And yet as Einstein insisted, the physical laws are the same for all observers, regardless of their position or velocity. The universe is unified by law, irrespective of the views of observers: That is what makes it "one." (from the Latin uni -- "one" + verso -- "turn.")

Excellent insight, dear betty boop! Thank you!
577 posted on 06/21/2006 8:03:55 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: betty boop

"Forgive me, but what an idiotic thing to say, beavus! We stand on the shoulders of giants. Aristotle is such a giant. Western civilization wouldn't be what it is without him."

Rather than judging ideas on the man, you might consider judging the ideas on their own. In doing so, you would be more like your idol.

At any rate, when you argue with people not given to fallacious appeals, you can save your breath and hold your glorifying attributions.


578 posted on 06/23/2006 3:38:07 AM PDT by beavus (Even conservatives hate capitalism. Just less so than liberals.)
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To: 2ndMostConservativeBrdMember; afraidfortherepublic; Alas; al_c; american colleen; annalex; ...


579 posted on 01/02/2007 9:45:53 PM PST by Coleus (Happy New Year!)
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