The Center for American Progress reveals that students pay more than $1.3 billion in tuition and fees each year for remedial courses which qualify them for academic credits, but do not count towards graduation. California had the highest rate of out-of-pocket remedial spending with more than $205 million, while Alaskan students spent just $1.1 million, statistics generally attributed to student enrollment in these states. According to the survey, the majority of college students enrolled in remedial courses are ethnic minorities, including 56% of African American students and 45% of Hispanic students, compared to just 35% of white students.