Posted on 12/09/2002 10:13:38 AM PST by 45Auto
The federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has reiterated its view that the Second Amendment only applies to the collective right of states to have a militia. They upheld the constitutionality of the California state ban on certain semi-automatic rifles and shotguns. Their ruling did not get anything right.
In listing the legitimate uses of firearms, the court failed to even mention self defense. They overlooked the fact that Korean merchants used some of the now banned guns to successfully defend their stores during the Los Angeles riots.
The court states that the view that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to keep and bear arms "had never been adopted by any court until the recent Fifth Circuit decision in United States vs. Emerson " But the Dred Scott decision before the Civil War did just that. Justice Tanney wrote for the court that blacks could not become citizens because that would mean they could keep and bear arms.
The court also failed to deal with U.S. v. Verdugo-Urquidez which found in 1991 that the phrase "the people" is consistently used in the Bill of Rights to refer to individuals. Thus, " the right of the people to keep and bear arms" refers to an individual right. In the 36 times the Supreme Court has discussed the Second Amendment, it is almost always treated as an individual right.
The court never mentioned the post Civil War Freedman's Bureau that worked to protect the newly-freed slaves' individual rights, including firearms ownership. The 14th Amendment culminated this era's legislative activity. It was designed to overturn the Jim Crow laws which were backdoor attempts to re-enslave the blacks.
Opponents in Congress and the state legislatures objected to the 14th Amendment in part, because the measure would subject the states to the Second Amendment, thus allowing blacks to be armed. The sponsors of the amendment met these objections with a forceful affirmation to the effect that: "That's what we want to achieve."
The court completely missed the long history of Supreme Court decisions upholding federal supremacy in cases brought by states challenging federal control of the militia. Had the court looked at this body of cases, they would have seen that their position of a state's right to have a militia would mean that the Second Amendment nullifies the clause in Article I Section 8 establishing federal supremacy over the militia.
The court cited uncritically the California legislature's finding that the banned guns were being prohibited because of their use in crime. Truth be told, these firearms were used to commit fewer murders than were hands and feet. That is still true.
Hopefully the Supreme Court will keep with its own precedents and throw the Ninth Circuit's re-write of the Constitution into the wastebasket where it belongs.
Larry Pratt is executive director of Gun Owners of America, a Washington lobby group of 300,000 Americans.
The body of the Second Ammedment, however, is clear.
Note also that I didn't have to obtain any permit to say so.
The National Guard's weapons are property of the federal government, and the National Guard becomes part of the federal government's army, by simple declaration.
A Dr. Strangeglove moment. ;-)
"The Constitution shall never be construed to prevent the people of the United States who are peaceable citizens from keeping their own arms."
Samuel Adams
"Congress have no power to disarm the militia. Their swords, and every other terrible implement of the soldier, are the birth-right of an American."
Tench Coxe 2/20/1788
All I can say is that if Kali ever bans guns, I hope (not advocate, but hope) that these girly-men on the bench in Kalifornia are the first to get treated like the Redcoats at Lexington & Concord.
How about fourths? As in "drawn and quartered."
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-Caveat Lector- http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/06/MN211218.DTL www.sfgate.com Return to regular view Showdown looming on right to own guns Assault weapons ban upheld, putting court at odds with Ashcroft Bob Egelko, Chronicle Staff Writer Friday, December 6, 2002 ©2002 San Francisco Chronicle. URL: http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/06/MN211218.DTL A federal appeals court upheld California's ban on military-style assault weapons Thursday, ruling that individuals have no constitutional right to keep and bear arms. The Constitution's Second Amendment preserves only the right of states to organize and maintain militias, the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ruled in a 3-0 decision. The ruling put the court at odds with the Bush administration and a decision last year by a federal appeals court in New Orleans. The amendment "was adopted to ensure that effective state militias would be maintained, thus preserving the people's right to bear arms," wrote Judge Stephen Reinhardt. "The amendment was not adopted in order to afford rights to individuals with respect to private gun ownership or possession." STAGE SET FOR HIGH COURT ACTION The ruling paves the way for the controversial issue to be addressed by the nation's highest court, which has not touched the topic since 1939. "When you have something like the Ninth Circuit, the largest judicial federal circuit in the country, coming out with a ruling like this, it means we're within a couple years of it coming before the Supreme Court," said Peter Keane, dean of the Golden Gate University Law School. "Because it's a hot issue, the Supreme Court hasn't wanted to deal with it." The state Legislature passed the nation's most sweeping assault weapons ban in 1989, outlawing 75 high-powered weapons that have rapid-fire capabilities. The ban was expanded in 1999 to include copycat weapons with similar features. The original version was upheld by the state Supreme Court in 2000, when it was challenged by a group of gun rights activists who said the ban violated the Second Amendment, the Equal Protection Clause and several other constitutional provisions. Reinhardt said he concluded that the Second Amendment cannot be used to strike down the ban after a lengthy analysis of the amendment's history and text. The amendment states: "A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." His interpretation of the amendment's intent matched that of the federal government's before Attorney General John Ashcroft wrote a letter to the National Rifle Association in May. In the letter, Ashcroft declared that the Second Amendment protected the individual right to bear arms. The Justice Department took that position formally in a U.S. Supreme Court filing a year later, saying the right was subject to "reasonable restrictions" on certain types of weapons and categories of owners. Ashcroft's views were endorsed by a federal appeals court in New Orleans in October 2001. Despite concluding that the Constitution protected an individual's right to bear arms, the court upheld a federal law banning gun possession by people under restraining orders for domestic violence. Because the issue has become so debated, Reinhardt chose to address it with a comprehensive opinion instead of relying on a similar decision rendered by the court six years ago. Matthew Nosanchuk, senior litigation counsel for the Violence Policy Center in Washington, told the Los Angeles Times that the 86-page ruling was one of the most comprehensive ever written on the Second Amendment. "This is a very important contribution that should drive a stake through the heart of the individual rights position," Nosanchuk said. RULING REJECTS 9 CHALLENGES In Thursday's decision, Reinhardt expressly disagreed with the Second Amendment interpretations by Ashcroft and the New Orleans court. He also noted that the San Francisco court, which oversees federal courts in nine Western states, had ruled in 1996 that the Constitution does not protect individual gun ownership. The ruling rejected challenges to the law by nine gun owners. The court then went a step further and broadened the law by striking down an exemption that allowed retired police officers to own assault weapons, ruling that it served no public purpose. The NRA expressed disappointment with the ruling. "For 131 years, we've been standing steadfastly to protect the freedoms of all law- abiding Americans and stand steadfastly that the Second Amendment is an individual right and will continue to do so," spokesman Andrew Arulanandam said. Chronicle news services contributed to this report. / E-mail Bob Egelko at begelko@sfchronicle.com. ©2002 San Francisco Chronicle. Page A - 1 <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/";>www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substancenot soap-boxingplease! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright fraudsis used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. 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Oh she does. She has even had the guts to argue her Pro-life beliefs in her classes. (and no one else had the nerve) From what I hear of the Constitutional Law professor he is not a liberal and that is a good thing.
The so called "preamble" is derived from earlier language, submitted by state conventions, or in state constitutions. The original language made it clear that a standing army was dangerous to the people's rights, and the best defense of a free people/state lies in the militia, that is the people themselves in arms. Failing prevention of creation of a standing army, which was clearly allowed by the Constitution and which might actually be necessary, as it became in the 1812 period for example, the militia was to act as a check on the power of those who controlled that army.
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