Thanks for reply.
I respectfully disagree that 16th Amendment enabled Congress to bypass its Section 8-limited powers to appropriate taxes.
Note Obamacare for example, one of the biggest examples of unconstitutional federal taxation.
Consider that previous generations of state sovereignty-respecting Supreme Court justices had clarified that the states have never expressly constitutionally delegated to the feds the specific power to tax and spend in the name of INTRAstate healthcare, both before and after the 16th Amendment was ratified.
In chronological order …
"Congress is not empowered to tax for those purposes which are within the exclusive province of the States.” —Justice John Marshall, Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824.
"State inspection laws, health laws, and laws for regulating the internal commerce of a State, and those which respect turnpike roads, ferries, &c. are not within the power granted to Congress [emphasis added].” —Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824.
"Inspection laws, quarantine laws, health laws of every description [emphasis added], as well as laws for regulating the internal commerce of a state and those which respect turnpike roads, ferries, &c., are component parts of this mass.” —Justice Barbour, New York v. Miln., 1837.
Progressive Movement 16th Amendment ratified in 1913
"Direct control of medical practice in the states is obviously beyond the power of Congress.” —Linder v. United States, 1925 [emphases added].
Corrections, insights welcome.
I was only talking about the method of taxation authorized by the 16th Amendment.
The method of taxation basically affects Art I, Sec 2, Cl 3; Art I, Sec 8, Cl 1; Art I, Sec 9, Cl 4.
Other than that, the federal government is bound and limited by the enumerated powers of the Constitution, most of which are listed in Art I sec 8. If we pared down the unconstitutional 80% portion of the feds, a flat tax of 10%-15% would be viable which would launch our economy into the stratosphere and turn the IRS into a storefront.
Obamacare is patently unconstitutional, regardless of how SCOTUS spins it. (The Constitution is the Supreme law of the land over the feds including SCOTUS (Art VI, Cl 2).) The Constitution gives the feds no authorization to meddle in our healthcare or insurance. It is astonishing that these jackals have gotten as far as they have with this tyranny and oppression.