Posted on 10/16/2017 12:07:04 PM PDT by TBP
The economic argument for free international trade is basically that people produce in order to consume, not the other way around, so the economic system should be geared to the benefit of the consumer, not the producer. In the economic sense, producers include workers and owners of capital or land, who often join in associations called "firms." There are more consumers than producers, as everybody is a consumer but not everybody is a producer; some live off the production of parents, donors, or taxpayers. So there are more consumers than producers; but this is not the important point.
Free Trade Helps More Than Hinders
The important point is that free trade benefits consumers more than its competitive pressure harms producers. Economic theory provides a nice geometric demonstration of the proposition that the total cost of protectionism for consumers is higher than its total benefits to producers. The demonstration can be (imperfectly) rendered in plain English: if free trade harmed producers more than it benefits consumers, the former could outcompete their foreign competitors by bribing domestic consumers with better prices and still gain compared to ceding the market to foreign producers - and protectionism would not be necessary. When domestic producers are unable to compensate consumers for not patronizing foreign suppliers, it means that free trade benefits consumers more than it harms producers.
That free trade would have net benefits is not surprising in light of the theory of comparative advantage, due to 19th-century economist David Ricardo. If two countries - that is, all producers in the two countries - produce what they are most efficient at, the total volume of goods available for exchange and consumption will be larger.
A popular objection to these economic arguments is that a consumer cannot benefit from lower prices if he does not have a job. Since free trade destroys jobs, it cannot be said to help consumers in general. You can't consume if you lose your job - or you have to consume less by getting a lower paying job or relying on transfers, public (unemployment insurance, social welfare, and such) or private (help from family or charity). Let me call this the "populist" objection to free trade.
A first reply is that availability of jobs is a symptom, not the cause, of prosperity. If jobs were the cause of prosperity, banning agricultural technology would generate much prosperity by dramatically increasing employment in that sector. Nearly 12 million Americans worked in agriculture in 1910 (the year when agricultural employment reached its peak) while they number less than 2.5 million today (for a population three times as large). In the meantime, the total number of jobs in the American economy increased from 37 to 151 million. We should beware of the obsession of job creation, especially by government edict.
Even assuming that the number of jobs is a good indication of welfare, the populist objection is not valid. Although some workers can, like other producers, be harmed by competition, free trade does not destroy net jobs. At least as many new jobs appear as old ones disappear.
Job Creation and Job Destruction
Consider the example of manufacturing. The number of jobs in American manufacturing dropped from its peak of 19 million in 1979 to 12 million today. Most recent job losses in manufacturing come more from the impact of technological progress than from import competition; economists Michael J. Hicks and Srikant Devaraj estimate that international trade accounts for only 13% of these losses. And - this is the important point - while manufacturing employment was decreasing, total employment in the economy increased from 99 to 151 million between 1979 and today, for a net creation of 52 million jobs. In the meantime, and this is the really important point, GDP per capita (the most comprehensive measure of the standard of living) increased by 79%.
Another way to approach the populist objection that free trade destroys jobs is to observe that the main factor in employment is population growth. Employment naturally grows in line with population. Every new worker who arrives on the labor market creates his own job in the very real sense that he spends as much as he earns (or the rest is invested, creating jobs too); indeed, it is precisely in order to spend an equivalent amount that he starts working and earning an income (a reflection of Say's law, recently featured in The Economist). The new worker creates his own job by creating another one elsewhere in the economy through his own consumption.
The figure below illustrates the general point by showing the level of civilian employment in relation to the American working-age population (15 to 64 years of age) over the past half-century. Each dot on the chart represents one year. Observe how closely employment growth tracks population growth. A simple regression analysis confirms the visual impression: the coefficient of correlation is 0.992 and is highly statistically significant (at a level of significance much lower than 1%). Because the working population increases with time, the horizontal axis nearly coincides with the chronological order. The drop in the employment towards the end of the curve corresponds to the 2008-2009 recession and the slow recovery that followed.
We thus have both a straightforward economic argument and empirical evidence to the effect that economic freedom in general and foreign trade, in particular, do not destroy net jobs in the economy. The number of jobs moves with the number of people who want to work, barring regulatory obstacles created by government.
The quality issue is just another result of racing to the economic bottom. Cheaper is rarely best.
Before you know it, we’re all living in mud huts, but, by God, the cheapest mud huts that can be made!
Our economy is built on people buying a lot of crap they don’t need.
What have you bought (or even seen) that was identified as being made in North Korea? Nothing.
Crackpot economics produces such conclusions and could not be more wrong.
What would we be building?
Total BS. No one here supported Trump sooner than I and I support him more today. Trump was not speaking of getting rid of Free Trade but of the biased agreements getting rid of the obstacles to Free Trade.
Government-managed trade pacts are about as far from Free Trade as one can get.
2. How does the U.S. sell a $32.50 toaster in countries where they already make toasters so cheap that they can ship them here and sell them for $30.00?
You are joking? If we don’t allow imports what countries will allow our exports?
These actions do not take place in a vacuum.
The financial and productive companies in Japan are more unified and intertwined than here.
Factories, lots and lots of factories.
Free trade is great.
But we don’t have free trade with currency manipulators, fascist states which subsidize businesses, and agreements which intrude into our sovereignty and constitutional rights. We have a globalist elitist state with no borders and an oligarchic international plutocracy ruling the planet.
Creative destruction is good inside the USA. Americans can move to a new state where a new factory has been constructed. Once off shored there is no job.
If you want socialism that is how you get socialism.
You have it backwards. Keeping factories in the USA with ostensibly “expensive” labor hastens automation. Off shoring so an army of gooks make product manually does not.
Fixed.
The founding fathers were well aware of Adam Smiths fairly tales. They rejected Smith. Thank God they did. Because the nation they built behind a protectionist wall was awesome.
We’re already doing that. I think you’re delusional if you believe we have the kind of demand here in this country that can support 20% more manufacturing capacity for American-made products at U.S. prices.
Horse poop. Tariffs are an optional consumption tax on goods imported from overseas. An income tax is an evil tax on your life's blood and sweat. They are as different as night and day.
I’m not buddies with the chicoms you nut. I want them kept out.
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