Is there any nation on Earth, except the U.S., which recognizes in their written law, that any such "right" exists?
Yes. France does in its Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which was first promulgated in 1789 and remains part of its current Constitution. And there are other nations that do as well, if you look around.
In Australia (where this incident happened) the right to freedom of speech does exist but is not clearly written down in any single law, rather it is a right that the High Court of Australia decided exists in a court ruling, on the general basis that Australia's system of government could not function unless such a right existed, and therefore those who wrote the Australian Constitution implied such a right.