Coyote.
Posted on 11/03/2015 3:26:20 PM PST by SJackson
Humans are not newcomers when it comes to messing around with nature. While we haven't created Frankenstein's monster yet, what we do transforms the natural world.
One recent example is the creation of the coywolf — a hybrid of the coyote and the wolf that is also known as the Eastern coyote. According to a new article from The Economist, their population seems to have reached more than a million.
These animals have a completely new genetic makeup: Their genes are about one-quarter wolf DNA and two-thirds coyote DNA; the rest is from domesticated dogs. A 2013 study suggests this dog DNA is mostly from a few specific breeds, including German Shepherds and Doberman Pincers.
Human activity likely played a role in the species' creation. As humans cut down wolves' forest homes and hunted down their populations, the lack of available partners for wolves led them to search elsewhere for mates, leading them to coyotes and dogs.
Scientists think this intermixing began with wild wolves in southern Ontario about a century or two ago.
The coywolves' success is astounding scientists. According to The Economist:
The animal’s range has encompassed America’s entire north-east, urban areas included, for at least a decade, and is continuing to expand in the south-east following coywolves’ arrival there half a century ago. This is astonishing. Purebred coyotes never managed to establish themselves east of the prairies. Wolves were killed off in eastern forests long ago. But by combining their DNA, the two have given rise to an animal that is able to spread into a vast and otherwise uninhabitable territory.
Here's the coyote, which traditionally maxes out at 75 pounds and has pointier features, and readily populates cities:
Coyote.
And this is what a wolf looks like. Wolves are usually bigger, weighing in at about 100 pounds, and prefer more wild habitats.
Wolf.
While the grey wolf and the coyote are each other's closest living relatives, the two animals separated evolutionarily 1 to 2 million years ago.
Usually hybrids — even between two closely related species — don't survive as well as their parent species, but the coywolves seem to be an exception. They've only really emerged in force during the last few decades, but they seem to have a few advantages over their parent species.
According to The New York Times' Moises Velazquez-Manoff: "[The coywolf] can be as much as 40 percent larger than the Western coyote, with powerful wolf-like jaws; it has also inherited the wolf's more social nature, which allows for pack hunting."
According to The Economist: "With larger jaws, more muscle and faster legs, individual coywolves can take down small deer. A pack of them can even kill a moose."
Two coywolf pups in Alberta, Canada.
These animals are even better fitted to our changing world than we thought, and their proliferation has been more "rapid, pervasive, and transformational than once thought," according to The Economist. The genetic combination of the two animals seems especially well suited to the northern habitat. The wolf genes allow the coyote to take down bigger prey, while the coyote genes let them adapt to cities and other populated areas.
The wolves even follow railroads into cities, making themselves scarce during the day — adopting a nocturnal schedule. They even look both ways before crossing the highway.
Another reason the animals are so successful could be their wider diet, according to The Economist:
Coywolves eat pumpkins, watermelons and other garden produce, as well as discarded food. They also eat rodents and other smallish mammals. Many lawns and parks are kept clear of thick underbrush, so catching squirrels and pets is easy. Cats are typically eaten skull and all, with clues left only in the droppings.
To study the hybrids better, scientists went ahead and made some 50/50 hybrids in the lab, mating female coyotes with male grey wolves. That's not exactly like the wild coywolves, but it's similar. And gives scientists a better idea of how successful a mating between the two species would be. While two pregnancies didn't result in live offspring, one litter created six puppies.
Here's the result:
The offspring of mating female coyotes with male grey wolves.
This is what a wild coywolf looks like. This one was spotted in West Virginia.
Coyote wolf hybrid coywolf
The mixing of the two species has even created hybrids with their own distinct sounds — taking the wolves' howl and the coyotes's yipping and turning it into a "yip-howl." You can hear it about 45 seconds into this camera-trap video, uploaded to YouTube by simplenotme:
Species can and do interbreed, but not all are viable. At some point they’ll distinguish them as a subspecies. There are already 19 subspecies of coyotes, Canis latrans, and 40 of wolves, Canis lupus. But do you add the new subspecies to latrans or lupus? An important legal distinction in the US where one can be hunted as a pest in many states., the other protected in many states.
Hence the protective Viking helmets ...
We’ve got 80 lb coyotes around here and the “authorities” have been telling us that they don’t hybridize with wolves.
Yes we have them in a greenbelt that surrounds our neighborhood. We have coydogs. Larger and no fear of humans. Have had several run ins with them while walking the dog at night. The cops told Mr. GG2 to just shoot them.
We call them coydogs. coi-dog
Indominus Rex is more fearsome.
Upon first read I was wondering the exact same thing. The situation of wolves not finding mates is nothing new to nature. If such a thing is possible, to create a hybrid breed such as this, it certainly would have happened before.
And I find it hard to believe there is a million in them in the overpopulated north east where the population density is 50 or more people per square mile as opposed to a central state where the populations can be as low as less than 10 people per square mile (where I live) - (and love it).
Just watched a documentary on Netflix about the Coywolf.
In CA you’ve got the little western guys. They’re in the Midwest also, but so are eastern coyotes which are bigger, up in the 40 pound range. They’re actually a coyote-wolf hybrid, which happily breeds with large dogs. And this has been going on for decades, it’s not new as the article implies. Personally, in this area if it’s over 40-50 pounds, I don’t think anyone short of a scientist knows what it is short of a dna test.
This might be nature's way of dealing with the proliferation of formerly wild animals that have now become semi-domesticated pests in much of the Northeast (deer, raccoons, geese, etc.).
People or global warming, what else is there.
They are still telling us that the cougars in Michigan are celibate.
I'm not a zoologist, but I've spent enough time in the woods that I think I can identify them.
A coyote-wolf hybrid has features of both coyotes and wolves. The predominant "coyote" feature I've seen is their elusiveness, while they are different than coyotes in that they live in packs. Coyotes are distinctively solitary animals, in my experience.
Ours are in packs. About ten years ago, a pack ran through our yard, with the largest male appearing to be about 60 pounds.
That sounds too large to be a pure coyote.
Maybe, though I’ve had a few trail cam pics that professionals call maybes, but probably not. And am aware of one “wolf” trapping case which fell apart after the defendant was able to get a DNA test of the “wolf”. You’re right though, though both are elusive, pack behavior would be a definite wolf giveaway. I’ve heard, not seen, “groups” of coyotes, but somewhat dispersed. They don’t hunt or socialize that way. Of course it’s still hard to get much of a look at either one, other than in urban areas.
The coyote is one of the smartest wild animals I have ever seen.
Like WI, the cougars in MI are just tourists, passing through. Young males the professionals tell us, snacking on farm animals as they pass through. No females, no dens. Honest.
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