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550 B-29’S SET TOKYO FIRES; MARINES IN CORNER OF NAHA; GERMAN GOVERNMENT ENDED (5/24/45)
Microfilm-New York Times archives, Monterey Public Library | 5/24/45 | Bruce Rae, W.H. Lawrence, Drew Middleton, Clifton Daniel, Sydney Gruson

Posted on 05/24/2015 4:40:09 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson

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TOPICS: Extended News
KEYWORDS: history; milhist; realtime; worldwarii
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Free Republic University, Department of History presents World War II Plus 70 Years: Seminar and Discussion Forum
First session: September 1, 2009. Last date to add: September 2, 2015.
Reading assignment: New York Times articles and the occasional radio broadcast delivered daily to students on the 70th anniversary of original publication date. (Previously posted articles can be found by searching on keyword “realtime” Or view Homer’s posting history .)
To add this class to or drop it from your schedule notify Admissions and Records (Attn: Homer_J_Simpson) by freepmail. Those on the Realtime +/- 70 Years ping list are automatically enrolled. Also visit our general discussion thread.
1 posted on 05/24/2015 4:40:09 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
Selections from West Point Atlas for the Second World War
Southern Okinawa: Naha-Shuri-Yonabaru, 1945 – Tenth Army Operations, 10 May-30 June 1945
Okinawa, Ryukyus Islands, 1945: Japanese Thirty Second Army Defensive Dispositions, 1 April 1945
Luzon, P.I., 1941: Final Operations on Luzon, 3 February-20 July 1945
Southeast Asia, 1941: Final Allied Offensives in the Southwest Pacific Area 19 February-1 July 1945
China, 1941: Operation Ichigo, 1945 and Final Operations in the War
Southern Asia, 1941: Third Burma Campaign-Allied Victory, April-May 1945
2 posted on 05/24/2015 4:40:36 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson ("Every nation has the government that it deserves." - Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821))
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
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The Nimitz Graybook

3 posted on 05/24/2015 4:41:33 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson ("Every nation has the government that it deserves." - Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821))
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To: r9etb; PzLdr; dfwgator; Paisan; From many - one.; rockinqsranch; 2banana; henkster; meandog; ...
Peak Japan Blow (Rae) – 2-3
U.S. Forces Drive to Split Mindanao – 3
Allies Keep Japanese Off Balance Throughout Far East (map) – 3
Marines Force River Line; 7th Takes Strategic Hills – 4
Big Okinawa Base to Speed Up War (Lawrence) – 5
Explosions on Land and Sea in the Pacific (photos) – 5
Chinese Press On toward Air Bases – 6
Doenitz, Jodl, Others Held; German Regime Is Dissolved (Middleton) – 7-8
Streicher, Anti-Semite, Is Seized By Jewish Mayor From New York – 9
2,600 Are Indicted for War Crimes – 9
Churchill Resigns to Force General Election in Britain (Daniel) – 10
On His Way to Quit as Prime Minister (photo) – 10
War News Summarized – 11
The End of a Notorious German Prison Camp (photo) – 11
Russia Stressed by British Labor (Gruson) – 12
Britons at Parley Formally Retire – 12
The Texts of the Day’s War Communiques – 15-16
Huge Pacific Task Seen by Red Cross – 16
4 posted on 05/24/2015 4:42:43 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson ("Every nation has the government that it deserves." - Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821))
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

http://www.etherit.co.uk/month/4/24.htm

May 24th, 1945 (THURSDAY)

UNITED KINGDOM: Corvette HMCS Baddeck departed Sheerness for Canada.

FRANCE: Paris: De Gaulle awards Montgomery the Grande Croix of the Legion d’Honneur.

GERMANY: Field Marshal Ritter von Greim, appointed commander of the Luftwaffe in the last days of the Third Reich, commits suicide.

JAPAN: Aircraft from Task Force 58 attack airfields in southern Kyushu used by Kamikaze pilots.

Off Okinawa, kamikazes are active during the day:

- The destroyer escort USS William C. Cole (DE-641) comes under attack at 1830 hours when a Nakajima Ki-43, Army Type 1 Fighter Hayabusa, Allied Code Name “Oscar,” attempts a suicide run while Cole was northeast of Ie Shima and crashed within a few feet of the destroyer escort’s starboard beam. The plane passed so close to the ship that one of its wingtips bent a “spoon” of a tube of a torpedo mount which had been trained to starboard.

- The high-speed transport USS Sims (APD-50, ex DE-154) is attacked by an aircraft that crashed close aboard to starboard spraying the ship with shrapnel which wounded eleven crewmen.

- A large support landing craft [LCS(L)] is also damaged.

On Okinawa during the night of 25/25 May, five Japanese transport aircraft carrying at least 69 Army commandoes, crash land on Yontan Airfield. The commandoes destroy nine aircraft (three F4U Corsairs, two PB4Y-2 Privateers and four transports) and damage another 29 (22 F4Us, three F6F Hellcats, two B-24 Liberators and two transports), ignite 70,000 US gallons (265,000 liters) of aviation fuel, kill the Marine control tower duty officer, and wound another 18 Marines before the last Japanese is killed at 1255 hours on 25 May.

The USAAF’s Twentieth Air Force in the Mariana Islands flies Mission 182: During the night of 24/25 May, 25 B-29 Superfortresses lay mines in Shimonoseki Strait and at Niigata, Nanao, and Fushiki in Japan.

Mines laid by USAAF B-29 Superfortresses sink a Japanese cargo vessel off Japan.

NEW GUINEA: Australian troops surround Wewak.

CANADA: Frigate HMCS Victoriaville commenced tropicalization refit Saint John, New Brunswick.

U.S.A.: The 22-minute documentary “Target Tokyo” is released in the U.S. Narrated by future U.S. President Ronald Reagan, this film tells the story of the first bombing raid on Tokyo by Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces’ Twentieth Air Force on 24 November 1944. Crews are followed from their training at Grand Island, Nebraska to their bombing embarkation point on the island of Saipan, Mariana Islands. From there, the B-29 attack on the Nakajima’s Musashino aircraft plant outside Tokyo is depicted. Many USAAF leaders, including General of the Army Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, Commanding General USAAF, are featured in the film.


5 posted on 05/24/2015 4:43:59 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson ("Every nation has the government that it deserves." - Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821))
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
U.S.A.: The 22-minute documentary "Target Tokyo" is released in the U.S. Narrated by future U.S. President Ronald Reagan, this film tells the story of the first bombing raid on Tokyo by Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces' Twentieth Air Force on 24 November 1944. Crews are followed from their training at Grand Island, Nebraska to their bombing embarkation point on the island of Saipan, Mariana Islands. From there, the B-29 attack on the Nakajima's Musashino aircraft plant outside Tokyo is depicted. Many USAAF leaders, including General of the Army Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, Commanding General USAAF, are featured in the film.

“Target Tokyo”

6 posted on 05/24/2015 4:44:53 AM PDT by Homer_J_Simpson ("Every nation has the government that it deserves." - Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821))
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To: Homer_J_Simpson; henkster

[May 24, 1945], HQ Twelfth Army Group situation map.

http://www.loc.gov/resource/g5701s.ict21354/


7 posted on 05/24/2015 7:21:18 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

Memories of B-29 air crews on big Tokyo raids of May 24-25, 1945

http://www.40thbombgroup.org/memories/Memories8.pdf


8 posted on 05/24/2015 7:33:07 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

http://www.stalag-viiib.com/content/pow-diaries-1945-may-24-1945-jhhallam-stalag-viiib

P.O.W. Diaries 1945
J.H.Hallam
Stalag VIIIB

Thursday May 24 1945

“Feeling fine, the weather is a dead loss these days -— dull and trying to rain. I have just had my morning drink. We had sausages for breakfast, and porridge. I got a letter from May last night, said she arrived back late. I have had letters from Mother, Charlie Woods and Aunt Emm today. Aunt Emm sent me a packet of Craven “A”, two books of stamps, writing paper and a 10/- note. I feel quite lively today. My appetite grows daily. I have written to May again. The time flies here. I am looking forward to getting home.”


9 posted on 05/24/2015 7:51:59 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

http://www.us-japandialogueonpows.org/Jackfert.htm

Video interview

Edward Jackfert

- US Army Air Corps, 28th Bombs Squadron
- Malaybalay, Tottori Maru, Tokyo Camp # 2,
Nishing Flour Mill Camp, Kawasaki, Japan.

“On May 24th, 1945 B-29s hit our camp area without any air raid warning being sounded. . We immediately jumped out of bed, took what clothes we could get on and headed for our shelters at the Mitsui dock area. Then on May 29th, I was on the Mitsui dock slave labor detail, carrying 120 lbs sacks of rice into railroad box cars. The general alarm siren blasted at 7 AM, however, we continued work detail at the Mitsui dock and warehouse area. At approximately 9:00 AM, the short siren blasts sounded, indicating that a bombing raid was imminent. However, we were force to continue or work on the Mitsui dock area despite the short blast warning. A little after 9, we heard the sound of airplane engines and looking toward Yokohama, we saw a large number of B-29s over the city. We heard the sound of explosions as the bombs hit the city. Soon, we saw large clouds of smoke over the area which was bombed and we knew that much devastation and loss of life had occurred. As the planes left the Yokohama area, they proceeded to fly directly over the Mitsui dock area where we were working. Our Japanese overseers would not permit us to seek protection in an air raid shelter during the raid.

We had been informed that all of the prisoners of war at the Nippon Steel camp had been evacuated to a less dangerous area. However, the Japanese authorities continued to keep us in the Tokyo Area Camp # 2 area and refused to evacuate us to a safer area. One note of importance here is that all of the Japanese workers who were employed and worked beside us at the Mitsui dock area had began to leave the area and refused to work at the Mitsui facility due to the fear of the B-29 bombings. Americans were the only work force available currently available at the Mitsui dock area detail.”


10 posted on 05/24/2015 8:00:19 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

On the night of May 24, 1945, eight Japanese aircraft carrying paratroops attacked Yomitan Airfield (also called Yontan), Okinawa. Seven of the eight were destroyed by intense antiaircraft fire. The remaining aircraft managed to land wheels up at Yomit.

11 posted on 05/24/2015 8:05:51 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
Soviet Reception in the Kremlin on May 24, 1945 by Dmitry Nalbandian.

Stalin was born to a working class family in Imperial Russia. One of three sons, he was the only one to survive infancy. Initially, the Jughashvili [Stalin's original family name] family prospered, but Stalin's father became an alcoholic, which gradually led to his business failing and him becoming violently abusive to his wife and child. As their financial situation grew worse, Stalin's family moved homes at least nine times in Stalin's first ten years of life. His father beat his mother and himself so violently that Stalin once had blood in his urine for over a week. His childhood deprivations left him short. At the age of seven, Stalin fell ill with smallpox and his face was badly scarred by the disease. The smallpox left him pockmarked. About the time Stalin began school, his left arm became disfigured. Stalin himself has given conflicting accounts as to the cause, either because of a blood poisoning or because of physical abuse. Whatever the cause, his left arm became a couple of inches shorter than his right; this injury would later exempt him from military service in World War I. At the age of 12, Stalin was struck again by a horse-drawn carriage and injured much more severely. He was taken to a hospital in Tiflis where he spent months in care.

So one arm was significantly shorter than the other. So painting Stalin in a way that pleased him was difficult. Under no circumstances should his withered arm be noticeable. But the painting should not be unrealistic either. But Nalbandian found a way to please Stalin.

“Stalin executed a few artists. At first they were summoned to the Kremlin in order to immortalize the leader and teacher. And obviously they failed to please the leader. Stalin wanted to be tall. And the hands should be the same length. Artist Nalbandian outwitted everybody. On his portrait, Stalin with his hands folded somewhere on the stomach makes it straight towards the spectator. The view is taken from below.From this angle, even a midget seems a giant.

Nalbandian followed Mayakovski’s advice: an artist should look at a model like a duck looks at a balcony. And from this duck’s position Nalbandian painted the portrait of Stalin. Stalin was greatly pleased. Reproductions of the portrait were hung in all institutions - even in hairdressing salons and in bathhouses.”


12 posted on 05/24/2015 8:21:41 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Streicher.html

Nuremberg Trial Defendants:
Julius Streicher

"Through his words and his deeds Julius Streicher assumed for himself the unofficial title of "Jew-baiter Number One" of Nazi Germany. For the course of some twenty-five years, Streicher educated the German people in hatred and incited them to the persecution and to the extermination of the Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, on a scale perhaps never attained before."

"Streicher was sentenced to death by hanging at the Nuremberg Trial. On October 16, 1946, Streicher was executed. When he went up to the scaffolding, he spat at the hangman and said, "The Bolsheviks will hang you one day!" Just before he fell to his death, he shouted, "Purim Festival, 1946!" apparently referring to the Jewish celebration commemorating the deliverance of the Jews from Haman, who had advocated their extermination, but had instead himself been hanged."

13 posted on 05/24/2015 8:29:54 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12225

Harry Truman: Special Message to the Congress on the Organization of the Executive Branch.

May 24, 1945

To the Congress of the United States:

The Congress has repeatedly manifested interest in an orderly transition from war to peace. It has legislated extensively on the subject, with foresight and wisdom.

I wish to draw the attention of the Congress to one aspect of that transition for which adequate provision has not as yet been made. I refer to the conversion of the Executive Branch of the Government.

Immediately after the declaration of war the Congress, in Title I of the First War Powers Act, 1941, empowered the President to make necessary adjustments in the organization of the Executive Branch with respect to those matters which relate to the conduct of the present war. This authority has been extremely valuable in furthering the prosecution of the war. It is difficult to conceive how the executive agencies could have been kept continuously attuned to the needs of the war without legislation of this type.

The First War Powers Act expires by its own terms six months after the termination of the present war. Pending that time, Title I will be of very substantial furrier value in enabling the President to make such additional temporary improvements in the organization of the Government as are currently required for the more effective conduct of the war.

However, furrier legislative action is required in the near future, because the First War Powers Act is temporary, and because, as matters now stand, every step taken under Title I will automatically revert, upon the termination of the Title, to the pre-existing status.

Such automatic reversion is not workable. I think that the Congress has recognized that fact, particularly in certain provisions of section of the War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944. In some instances it will be necessary to delay reversion beyond the period now provided by law, or to stay it permanently. In other instances it will be necessary to modify actions heretofore taken under Title I and to continue the resulting arrangement beyond the date of expiration of the Title. Automatic reversion will result in the re-establishment of some agencies that should not be re-established. Some adjustments of a permanent character need to be made, as exemplified by the current proposal before the Congress with respect to the subsidiary corporations of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Some improvements heretofore made in the Government under the First War Powers Act, as exemplified by the reorganization of the Army under Executive Order No. 9082, should not be allowed to revert automatically or at an inopportune time.

I believe it is realized by everyone—in view of the very large number of matters involved and the expedition required in their disposition-that the problems I have mentioned will not be met satisfactorily unless the Congress provides for them along the general lines indicated in this message.

Quite aside from the disposition of the war organization of the Government, other adjustments need to be made currently and continuously in the Government establishment. From my experience in the Congress, and from a review of the pertinent developments for a period of forty years preceding that experience, I know it to be a positive fact that, by and large, the Congress cannot deal effectively with numerous organizational problems on an individual item basis. The Congressional Record is replete with expressions of members of the Congress, themselves, to this effect. Yet it is imperative that these matters be dealt with continuously if the Government structure is to be reasonably wieldy and manageable, and be responsive to proper direction by the Congress and the President on behalf of the people of this country. The question is one that goes directly to the adequacy and effectiveness of our Government as an instrument of democracy.

Suitable reshaping of those parts of the Executive Branch of the Government which require it from time to time is necessary and desirable from every point of view. A well organized Executive Branch will be more efficient than a poorly organized one. It will help materially in making manageable the Government of this great nation. A number of my predecessors have urged the Congress to take steps to make the Executive Branch more business-like and efficient. I welcome and urge the cooperation of Congress to the end that these objectives may be attained.

Experience has demonstrated that if substantial progress is to be made in these regards, it must be done through action initiated or taken by the President. The results achieved under the Economy Act (1932), as amended, the Reorganization Act of 1939, and Title I of the First War Powers Act, 1941, testify to the value of Presidential initiative in this field.

Congressional criticisms are heard, not infrequently, concerning deficiencies in the Executive Branch of the Government. I should be less than frank if I failed to point out that the Congress cannot consistently advance such criticisms and at the same time deny the President the means of removing the causes at the root of such criticisms.

Accordingly, I ask the Congress to enact legislation which will make it possible to do what we all know needs to be done continuously and expeditiously with respect to improving the organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. In order that the purposes which I have in mind may be understood, the following features are suggested: (a) the legislation should be generally similar to the Reorganization Act of 1939, and part 2 of Title I of that Act should be utilized intact, (b) the legislation should be of permanent duration, (c) no agency of the Executive Branch should be exempted from the scope of the legislation, and (d) the legislation should be sufficiently broad and flexible to permit of any form of organizational adjustment, large or small, for which necessity may arise.

It is scarcely necessary to point out that under the foregoing arrangement (a) necessary action is facilitated because initiative is placed in the hands of the President, and (b) necessary control is reserved to the Congress since it may, by simple majority vote of the two Houses, nullify any action of the President which does not meet with its approval. I think, further, that the Congress recognizes that particular arrangement as its own creation, evolved within the Congress out of vigorous efforts and debate extending over a period of two years and culminating in the enactment of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

Therefore, bearing in mind what the future demands of all of us, I earnestly ask the Congress to enact legislation along the foregoing lines without delay.

HARRY S. TRUMAN
Citation: Harry S. Truman: “Special Message to the Congress on the Organization of the Executive Branch.,” May 24, 1945. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.


14 posted on 05/24/2015 9:31:20 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

83rd Infantry Division - Radio News

May 24, 1945

http://83rdinfdivdocs.org/documents/radionews/83rd_Signal_Co_19450524_Germany_Vol_VIII_No_28.pdf


15 posted on 05/24/2015 9:34:32 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/zussman.html

May 24, 1945

Raymond Zussman was a Jewish American soldier who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in honor of his valor during World War II.

Zussman (born July 23, 1917; died September 21, 1944) was born in in Hamtramck, Michigan and joined the U.S. Army from Detroit, Michigan in September 1941.

By 1944, Zussman was serving as a second lieutenant, commanding tanks of the 756th Tank Battalion. On September 12, 1944, during a battle in the city of Noroy-le-Bourg, France, Zussman repeatedly went forward alone to scout enemy positions and exposed himself to enemy fire while directing his tank’s action. Under Zussman’s heroic and inspiring leadership, eighteen enemy were killed and ninety-two were captured. He survived the battle but was killed in combat nine days later.

On May 24, 1945, Zussman was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States’ highest military decoration, for his actions at Noroy-le-Bourg.

Zussman was buried at Machpelah Cemetery in Ferndale, Michigan.


16 posted on 05/24/2015 10:49:04 AM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: EternalVigilance

Very Good stories that made it real.

Doing a little research on the b29 led me to the silverplate series of b 29. Didn’t realize the mods and experimentation. didn’t know there was a bomb called the “thin man.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverplate


17 posted on 05/24/2015 11:51:58 AM PDT by PeterPrinciple (Thinking Caps are no longer being issued but there must be a warehouse full of them somewhere.)
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To: EternalVigilance

Didn’t know about pumpkin bombs either and their role in the 3 plane missions.


18 posted on 05/24/2015 12:14:53 PM PDT by PeterPrinciple (Thinking Caps are no longer being issued but there must be a warehouse full of them somewhere.)
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To: PeterPrinciple

An interesting read.

I’m a Nebraska native. Grew up in the flight path into Offutt Airbase, aka Strategic Air Command Headquarters. Flights came over every ten or fifteen minutes and shook the windows. Of course, after awhile you didn’t really notice them much.

God and the Pentagon only know how many of those aircraft were toting nukes.


19 posted on 05/24/2015 12:32:46 PM PDT by EternalVigilance
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To: Homer_J_Simpson

OK, I got curious about the Awa Maru, because after all, we did sink a Red Cross ship, and this was one of the the few reasonable claims Imperial Japan made during this timeframe.

They wanted restitution for all damages, while we offered to replace the ship only. Several years after the war, we signed an agreement with them that in view of the help we gave them after the war, the claim would be considered settled, and we expressed our regret for the sinking and loss of life.


20 posted on 05/24/2015 5:35:27 PM PDT by InMemoriam (Scrape the bottom! Vote for Rodham!)
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