So why isn't Africa, which is closer to Europe and the US, the factory to the world? Why does Jamaica, where piracy is rampant have a lower (~$5K) GDP per capita than China (~$7K) despite being right next to the biggest single market in the world? Why aren't India (~$1.5K) and Pakistan (~$1.3K), which have similar conditions and are half the distance to Europe by water transport, advancing at the same rate? Note that these are countries that did not go through anywhere the same amount of consecutive turmoil (civil war, foreign invasion, civil war, Marxist economic policies) from 1911 to 1979, and yet have 1/4 or less of China's per capita industrial output.