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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits The Battle of Germantown 1777 - March 6th, 2004
http://www.ilssar.org/germantown.html ^

Posted on 03/06/2004 3:48:20 AM PST by snippy_about_it



Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.



...................................................................................... ...........................................

U.S. Military History, Current Events and Veterans Issues

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The FReeper Foxhole hopes to share with it's readers an open forum where we can learn about and discuss military history, military news and other topics of concern or interest to our readers be they Veteran's, Current Duty or anyone interested in what we have to offer.

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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits


The Battle of Germantown

Germantown is located about five miles northwest of Philadelphia. At the time, Philadelphia was the capital of the Rebel Colonies. This was very important, as occupation of the enemies' capitol most often meant the end of a conflict was due in short order, if not immediately. The capture of the capital was a great source of concern for the leaders of the Revolution, since it directly effected the morale of the confederation of Colonies.


General Howe


After the Battle of Brandywine, Washington and his British counterpart, General Howe, maneuvered around the capital for about two weeks. Washington had hoped to catch Howe's troops while crossing the Schuylkill River, but Washington followed a British feint, missing the river crossing. Howe marched unopposed into Philadelphia on September 26. Most of the citizens of the city, and all of the Continental Congress had left the city about a week previous to the occupation. Howe kept 3,000 of his men in Philadelphia, proper, and stationed the remaining 8,000 at Germantown. Another 3,000 of Howe's forces were deployed along the Delaware River to assist the British Fleet in their blockade of the forts held by the Americans along that river.

Washington was in command of approximately 11,000 men, including 3,000 militamen. Seeing that Howe had not prepared defenses and that the British forces were split, General Washington decided to attempt to strike a decisive blow.

Washington and his staff planned a very complicated plan of attack that involved splitting the American command into four distinct colums that were to move into position for the attack under cover of darkness.



On the right flank, BG John Armstron's PA militia was to turn the British left flank and hold them agains the Schuylkill River. On the left of Armstron, along the main north-south rouad in the area, General Sullivan, along with Anthony Wayne's brigade, was to join the attack. General Washington was to accompany this column.

Left of Sullivan and Washington, the main attack was to be spearheaded by Generals Greene, Stephen, and McDougall. This column was to turn the British right and complete enveloping Howe's troops against the Schuylkill River.

On the extreme left, BGs William Smallwood and David Foreman, along with their Maryland and New Jersey militias, were to attempt to facilitate the envelopment by harassing the British rear. They were to move along the old York Road. General Sterling was to hold his troops in reserve on Chestnut Hill and be prepared to support either General Greene's or Sterling's columns.


General Washington


All troops were to gbe in place by 0400, with a two hour period of rest prior to the planned attack at 0600. Stealth was imparative, as troops were to silently strike, bayonets attached, just one hour before dawn on October 4. Unfortunately, all troops were late getting into position. General Greene's column got lost and was even later than the rest of the troops in staging. He was a full hour behind Genral Sullivan's column. The morning found mist coming on, further complicating the battlefield. British forces were familiar with the area, while the American troops were not. And, British outposts had detected the Americans deploying at around 0300. But, the British mistakenly though that it was only a small raid taking place.

Sullivan approached Mt. Airy around 0600 and was met with a volley fired from advanced British outposts. The British then staged an orderly withdrawl, falling back to the position held by a British Light Infantry unit. At the conclusion of the consolidation of the British units, one final volley was fired and the British counter-attacked. At the s;ame time, the 40th Foot was added to the British line to shore it up.



Although surprised, the attackers made use of their superior numbers and pushed through to the northern edge of Germantown. Howe attempted to rally his troops, castigating them for fleeing from "a few rebels," when American grapeshot dropped parts of trees on him. This convinced Howe that this was a full fledged attack, and he hastily withdrew to prepare to meet the American forces.

Mist had turned into fog, confusing both sides. Wahsington was concerned that he didn't hear any firing where General Greene's column should have been. In fact, Greene had not yet made the field of battle, as his guide got lost on the dark roads. Whashing decided to commit his reserves whree Greene should have been, and moved some of General Sullivan's troops to help fill the hole. This blunted Sullivan's attack and slowed progress along that line.

General Sullivan continued to drive back the British in considerable disorder until they reached the home of Judge Chew, located in the middle of Germantown. Lt. Col. Musgrave, commanding the British 40th Foot, put 120 of his troops into the house, making it a small fortress. He laid sniper fire from the house and halted the advance of the American column.



Washington was faced with the choice of going around Judge Chew's house and mopping it up later, or concentrating the attack on the house to remove it totally. General Henry Knox persuaded Washington to attempt to remove the house, but the artillery sent against the house merely bounced off the thick stone walls. Aiming at the doorways and windows was impossible, due to the heavy fog. After half an hour, Washington decided that the time he was being delayed was too costly, and he elected to move on.

As Washington was making this move, Green began to engage the first outposts of the British main encampment and sounded to those around him that he may have, indeed, already be in possession of the camp. Thinking that victory was at hand, Washington rode forward. However, the source of the noise was from a British counterattack, as well as renewed fighting around the Chew house. Anthony Wayne had sent some of his men back to investigate the sounds of firing at his rear, and the men in the column mistakenly thought that they were being attacked from the rear.

Around 9 am, Wayne's men began to panic as the fog on the battlefield began to lift. Due to the delays at the Chew house, the British had organized and were fully engaged in a counterattack. Brithish General Grant had found the hole in the lines caused by the Chew house and were expoiting it. Wayne's men, who had spent much of the morning firing at trees and fence posts, ran out of ammunition and began to break. This panic spread through the ranks of Generals Greene and Sullivan, who also experienced their men breaking and running.



With panic spreading, General Cornwallis brought up British reinforcements and committed them against General Greene's column. With this movement, and General Grant threatening his right flank, Green reluctantly ordered a withdrawl to reorganize the troops. He was able, however, to save his guns. Washington saw that Greene was in retreat and had no option other than to order Sullivan and Wayne to do the same. Armstrong, Foreman, and Smallwood also failed in their encircling attacks, primarily due to delay and excessive caution. Washington also ordered them to withdraw.

This ended the Battle of Germantown. The complicated plan had failed with the British losses at 70 killed, 450 wounded, and 14 missing. The Americans lost 152 killed, 521 wounded, and almost 400 missing. American morale was largely unaffected by the loss in that they mistakenly believed that more British were lost than American forces. Howe was impressed that the skill of the Americans had increased so much since the defeat at Brandywine. So, rather than risk a pursuit, Howe retreated to Philadelphia and fortified the city.






FReeper Foxhole Armed Services Links




TOPICS: VetsCoR
KEYWORDS: freeperfoxhole; germantown; howe; revolution; samsdayoff; veterans; washington
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After the Battle of Germantown


The retreat of the Americans from the battle-field at Germantown at the moment when victory seemed about to be secured to them, did not cause the Congress nor the people to blame Washington and his general officers. The fog that produced so much uncertainty in movements was the chief cause of the panic and flight; and the Congress, justly considering all things, passed a vote of thanks to the commander-in-chief for his "wise and well-considered attack," and to the "officers and soldiers of the army for their brave exertions on that occasion."

A few days after the battle, Lord Howe's fleet was anchored at the mouth of the Delaware River, and he and the general prepared to sweep that stream of all its obstruction--the chevaux-de-frise, the commanding forts at Red Bank and on Mud Island, the floating batteries, and the armed galleys. They were elated by their recent accidental victory, and did not entertain a doubt of success. The British army were at once concentrated at Philadelphia; but it was the middle of October before even a narrow channel was opened through the lower obstructions of the river. A difficult task lay before the enemy. Fort Mercer, at Red Bank, had a spirited little garrison under Colonel Christopher Greene of Rhode Island; and Fort Mifflin, on Mud Island, was in charge of Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Smith, of Maryland, with an equally spirited body of men.



To strengthen his own army, Howe ordered General Clinton to abandon the forts in the Hudson Highlands and send six thousand troops to Philadelphia. He had scarcely issued this order when the news of the surrender of Burgoyne reached the British commander-in-chief. That event filled the American camp with joy, and that of the enemy with amazement. Howe perceived that what he had to do must be done quickly; so he ordered Count Donop to take Fort Mercer by storm. The Hessian colonel, eager for renown, marched against it on the 22nd of October (1777), with about twelve hundred men--German grenadiers, infantry, riflemen, and artillery. At the edge of a wood within cannon-shot of the fort, they planted a battery of ten heavy guns; and at half-past four o'clock in the afternoon, Donop sent a summons for the instant surrender of the garrison, accompanied by a threat that, in case of resistance, no quarter would be given.

Colonel Greene, the commander, with only four hundred men back of him, made an instant and defiant refusal, saying: "We ask no quarter nor will we give any." Then the besiegers opened their heavy guns; and under their fire they carried the abatis or the land side of the fort. There they encountered many pitfalls, and a heavy storm of bullets and grape-shot from a concealed battery. Equally severe was an enfilading fire from two other galleys hidden by the bushes. These fearfully slaughtered the assailants. Donop and many of his officers were killed or mortally wounded; and at twilight the invaders withdrew, after a loss of two hundred men, and were not pursued. The Congress ordered the Board of War to present an elegant sword to Colonel Greene, for his gallant defence of Fort Mercer; and some New Jersey and Pennsylvania volunteers erected a monument of blue-veined marble on the site of the fort, in 1829, to commemorate the deed. Colonel Greene was soon afterward murdered at his quarters in Westchester county, N.Y., by a band of Tories, and the sword was presented to his family.

Some British ships-of-war that came to assist in the reduction of Fort Mercer, attacked Fort Mifflin the next morning. After being severely cannonaded from the fort and the American vessels, they attempted to retreat down the river, when the Augusta, a 64-gun ship, and the frigate Merlin, grounded. The former was set on fire by red-hot shot from the American batteries, and was blown up with a part of her crew. The Merlin was set on fire and abandoned. These events inspirited the Americans; and John Adams took the occasion to help Gates in his ambitious intrigues against Washington, by saying: "Thank God the glory is not immediately due to the commander-in-chief, or idolatry and adulation would have been so excessive as to endanger our liberties."



Today's Educational Sources and suggestions for further reading:

www.ilssar.org/germantown.html
1 posted on 03/06/2004 3:48:20 AM PST by snippy_about_it
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To: All
That very same day, October 4, 1777, General Washington force-marched his troops 25 miles back to where they had started the night before, again without food or sleep. At least seventy-five Americans were killed at Cliveden. The British lost only three. In the overall Battle of Germantown American losses were over 1100, while the British suffered over 500.



Yet, the Battle of Germantown was an American victory of sorts. The British allowed Washington to escape and even to spend the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge, where he regrouped and brought in Baron Wilhelm von Steuben and his Prussians from Germany for support. France admired the American plan that failed at Germantown. They were also pleased with the English defeat at Saratoga, New York, several days later.


Early American Reenactment Photo


These two battles helped bring the French into the Revolution on America's side. General Washington himself later gained immortal fame. In retrospect, the Battle of Germantown may have been the end of his rough beginning and the beginning of the end of British power in America.


The Chew House today



2 posted on 03/06/2004 3:51:26 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: All
'We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again.'

-- General Nathanael Greene


3 posted on 03/06/2004 3:52:34 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: All


A NEW FEATURE ~ The Foxhole Revisits...

The Foxhole will be updating some of our earlier threads with new graphics and some new content for our Saturday threads in this, our second year of the Foxhole. We lost many of our graphic links and this is our way of restoring them along with revising the thread content where needed with new and additional information not available in the original threads.

A Link to the Original Thread;

The FReeper Foxhole Remembers The Battle of Germantown - 1777 - Jan. 14th, 2003




4 posted on 03/06/2004 3:54:25 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: Don W; Poundstone; Wumpus Hunter; StayAt HomeMother; Ragtime Cowgirl; bulldogs; baltodog; ...



FALL IN to the FReeper Foxhole!



Good Saturday Morning Everyone

If you would like added to our ping list let us know.

5 posted on 03/06/2004 3:56:06 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it
Good morning Snippy.

X-29 FSW 1984 = Forward-swept, variable-camber-wing fighter made from composite materials, rebuilt from Northrop F-5A.

6 posted on 03/06/2004 3:57:39 AM PST by Aeronaut (Peace: in international affairs, a period of cheating between two periods of fighting.)
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To: snippy_about_it
Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Foxhole.
7 posted on 03/06/2004 3:58:01 AM PST by E.G.C.
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To: Aeronaut
Good morning Aeronaut. I'm no expert but it just doesn't seem right to have wings "backwards" on a plane. I don't even know if 'drag' applies to something that has jet engines but it does seem not to be aerodynamically correct.
8 posted on 03/06/2004 4:15:14 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: E.G.C.
Morning EGC. We were at 73 degrees yesterday. Just a tease though, today and for the long range we have 40's and chances of rain/snow.
9 posted on 03/06/2004 4:20:43 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it
In reference to the Chew House, the British cheated. I was under the impression that before the war started that both sides had agreed only the Americans were supposed to be able to fire from behind cover while the British stood in the open. I was taught this in school and can not understand how anything like this could happen.
10 posted on 03/06/2004 5:36:07 AM PST by U S Army EOD (Volunteer for EOD and you will never have to worry about getting wounded.)
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To: snippy_about_it
On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on March 06:
1405 Johan II King of Castille
1475 Michelangelo Buonarroti painter/sculptor/architect (David, Pièta)
1495 Luigi Alamanni Italian poet (Opere Toscane, La Coltivazione)
1619 Cyrano de Bergerac dramatist (A Voyage to the Moon)
1787 Joseph von Fraunhofer Germany, physicist (studied Sun's spectrum)
1791 Anna Claypoole Peale painted miniatures
1806 Elizabeth Barrett Browning poet (Sonnets from the Portuguese)
1812 Aaron Lufkin Dennison father of American watchmaking
1820 Horatio Gouverneur Wright Major General (Union volunteers)
1831 Philip Henry Sheridan Albany NY, Major General (Union Army)
1835 Charles Ewing Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1883
1885 Ring Lardner US, writer (You Know Me Al)
1893 [Walter] Furry Lewis father of the blues
1898 Jay C Flippen Little Rock AR, actor (Ensign O'Toole, Jet Pilot, Killing, Thunder Bay)
1900 Robert "Lefty" Grove baseball pitcher (300 game winner)
1906 Lou Costello Paterson NJ, comedian/actor (Abbott & Costello)
1913 Stewart Granger actor (Saraband for Dead Lovers)
1923 Ed McMahon Detroit MI, TV host (Johnny Carson Show, Star Search)
1924 William H Webster US, judge/head FBI/CIA
1926 Alan Greenspan economist/Presidential advisor (Federal Reserve Board)
1927 Leroy Gordon Cooper Jr Shawnee OK, USAF/astronaut (Mercury 9, Gemini 5)
1927 William J Bell Chicago IL, soap opera creator (Young & Restless)
1929 Ho Dam North Korean Secretary of State (1970-83)
1929 Thomas S Foley (Representative-Democrat-WA, 1965-94)/majority whip/Speaker of House
1936 Marion S Barry (Mayor-Democrat-DC, 1979-90, 95- ), drug indictment
1937 Valentina V Tereshkova-Nikolayev 1st woman in space (Vostok 6)
1939 Christopher Bond (Senator-R-MO)
1940 Willie Stargell outfielder/1st baseman (Pittsburgh Pirates, 1971 National League homerun leader)
1944 Mary Wilson Detroit MI, vocalist (Supremes-Where Did Our Love Go)
1945 Rob Reiner Bronx NY, actor/director (All in the Family, Stand By Me)
1946 David Jon Gilmour Cambridgeshire England, rock guitarist (Pink Floyd-The Wall)
1959 Tom Arnold Ottuwa IA, comedian (Roseanne, True Lies)
1964 Cher Butler Garland TX, playmate (August, 1985)
1968 Marty Morgan Minneapolis MN, 180½ lbs greco-roman wrestler (Olympics-96)
1972 Shaquille O'Neal Newark NJ, NBA center (Magic, Lakers, Olympics-gold-96)


Deaths which occurred on March 06:
0766 Chrodegang church reformer/bishop of Mainz, dies at about 50
1616 Francis Beaumont Elizabethan dramatist, dies (birth date unknown)

1836 Davy Crockett US pioneer (Alamo), killed in battle at 49

1888 Louisa May Alcott US author (Old-fashioned Girl), dies at 55
1900 Gottlieb Daimler designed 1st motorcycle, dies at 65
1917 Jules HPFX Vandenpeereboom premier of Belgium (1899), dies at 73
1932 John Philip Sousa US composer (Stars & Stripes Forever), dies at 77
1933 Anton J Cermak US mayor of Chicago, murdered
1954 Louis Zimmermann violinist, dies at 80
1964 King Paul I of Greece (1947-64), dies at 62
1965 Margaret Dumont [Daisy Baker] actress (Animal Crackers), dies at 75
1967 Nelson Eddy US baritone/actor (Phantom of the Opera), dies at 65
1970 William Hopper actor (Paul Drake-Perry Mason), dies at 55
1973 Pearl S Buck author (Good Earth-Nobel 1938), dies at 80
1976 "Slapsie" Maxie Rosenbloom light-heavyweight box champion (1932-34), dies at 71
1982 Ayn Rand author-philosopher (The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged), dies in New York at 77
1986 Georgia O'Keeffe US painter (Flowers), dies at 98
1994 Max Schubert winemaker, dies at 89
1994 Melina Mercouri Greek actress (Never on a Sunday), dies at about 68
1997 Michael Manley Jamaican Prime Minister (PNP, 1972-80, 89-92), dies
1998 Adem Jasari Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader, killed


Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1967 CARPENTER HOWARD B.---YOUNGSTOWN OH.
1968 ANSELMO WILLIAM F.---DENVER CO.
1968 COLOMBO GARY LEWIS---YAKIMA WA.
1968 LOPEZ ROBERT---SEATTLE WA.
[REMAINS IDENTIFIED 06/16/00]
1968 MITCHELL GILBERT L.---TEHACHAPI CA.
1968 NELSON RICHARD C.---DREXEL HILL PA.
[REMAINS RETURNED 07/17/84]
1968 RIOS NOEL L.---NEWARK NJ.
1968 SEWARD WILLIAM H.---ATLANTA GA.
[REMAINS IDENTIFIED 06/16/00]
1969 COLEMAN JIMMY L.---GOODWATER AL.
1969 MC DONNELL JOHN T.---FORT WORTH TX.
1970 HUMMEL JOHN F.---BARSTOW TX.
1971 MILLINER WILLIAM P.---LOUISVILLE KY.

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.


On this day...
1079 Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Chajjam completes Jalali-calendar
1323 Treaty of Paris
1447 Tommaso Parentucelli succeeds Pope Eugene IV as Nicolas V
1460 Treaty of Alcacovas-Portugal gives Castile Canary Islands for West Africa
1521 Magellan discovers Guam
1665 Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society starts publishing
1728 Spain & England sign (1st) Convention of Pardo
1775 1st Negro Mason in US initiated, Boston
1799 Napoleon captures Jaffa Palestine
1808 1st college orchestra in US founded, at Harvard
1810 Illinois passes 1st state vaccination legislation in US
1816 Jews are expelled from Free city of Lubeck Germany
1831 Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy
1836 3,000 Mexicans beat 182 Texans at the Alamo, after 13 day fight (Remember the Alamo)
1853 Giuseppe Verdi's Opera "La Traviata" premieres in Venice
1857 Dred Scott Decision: Supreme Court rules slaves cannot be citizens
1861 Provisionary Confederate Congress establishes Confederate Army
1862 Battle of Pea Ridge AR (Elkhorn Tavern)
1865 Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
1865 President Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Ball
1886 1st US alternating current power plant starts, Great Barrington MA
1886 1st US nurses' magazine, The Nightingale, 1st appears, New York NY
1896 1st auto in Detroit MI, Charles B King rides his "Horseless Carriage"
1899 "Aspirin" patented by Felix Hoffmann
1902 Census Bureau forms
1918 US naval collier "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle
1919 NHL Championship: Montréal Canadiens beat Ottawa Senators, 3 games to 1 with 1 tie
1921 Police in Sunbury PA issue an edict requiring Women to wear skirts at least 4 inches below the knee
1922 Babe Ruth signs 3 years at $52,000 a year New York Yankee contract
1924 British Labour government cuts military budget
1930 Brooklyn's Clarence Birdseye develops a method for quick freezing food
1933 FDR declares a nationwide bank holiday
1933 Poland occupies free city Danzig (Gdansk)
1940 1st US telecast from an airplane, New York NY
1943 Sukarno asks for cooperation with Japanese occupiers
1944 USAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
1945 Assassination attempt on Höhere, SS Police führer Rauter
1946 France recognizes Vietnam statehood within Indo-Chinese federation
1947 XB-45, 1st US 4-engine jet bomber, makes 1st test flight, Muroc CA
1957 Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) declares independence from UK
1959 11th Emmy Awards: Playhouse 90, Jack Benny Show, Raymond Burr
1959 Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 400,000 miles)
1960 President Sukarno disbands Indonesia's parliament
1962 US promise Thailand assistance against communist aggression
1964 Constantine succeeds Paul I as king of Greece
1964 Elijah Muhammad renames Cassius Clay, Muhammad Ali
1964 Liz Taylor's 3rd divorce (Eddie Fisher)
1965 1st nonstop helicopter crossing of North America, JR Willford
1966 Barry Sadlers' "Ballad of the Green Berets" becomes #1 (13 weeks)
1967 Muhammad Ali is ordered by selective service to be inducted
1967 Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US
1972 Jack Nicklaus passes Arnold Palmer as golf's all-time money winner
1974 An Italian loses a record $1,920,000 at roulette in Monte Carlo
1978 Hustler publisher Larry Flynt shot & crippled by a sniper in Georgia
1981 Walter Cronkite signs-off as anchorman of "The CBS Evening News"
1982 NBA highest scoring game: San Antonio beat Milwaukee 171-166 (3 OT)
1982 Susan Birmingham makes loudest recorded human shout (120 dB)
1985 Enos Slaughter & Arky Vaughan are elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1985 Mexican authorities find body of US drug agent Enrique C Salaazar
1985 Mike Tyson KOs Hector Mercedes in 1 round in his 1st pro fight
1985 Yul Brynner appears in his 4,500th performance of "King & I"
1988 3 IRA suspects were shot dead in Gibraltar by SAS officers
1990 SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17
1991 Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, President Bush told Congress that "aggression is defeated; The war is over"
1998 1st time the British flag is flown over Buckingham Palace
1998 Matt Beck, an angry lottery accountant kills 4 at Connecticut state lottery
2001 Bill Mazeroski was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, along with former Negro League player Hilton Smith.



Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Ghana : Independence Day (1957)
Guam : Magellan Day/Discovery Day (1521)
US : Stoneware Pottery Appreciation Day
US : National Pet Sitters Week
US : National Procrastinators Week (starts tomorrow)
Civilized and Polite Behavior Among Citizens Month in China.


Religious Observances
old Roman Catholic : Feast of Ss Perpetua & Felicitas, martyrs (now 3/7)
Panamá : Jesus Nazarene of Atalaya
Anglican, Roman Catholic : Ember Day


Religious History
1629 In Germany, the Edict of Restitution ordered that all church property secularized since 1552 be restored to the Roman Catholic Church.
1735 English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'The renewal of our natures is a work of great importance. It is not to be done in a day. We have not only a new house to build up, but an old one to pull down.'
1759 English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'There is a wonderful mystery in the manner and circumstances of that mighty working, whereby God subdues all things to himself, and leaves nothing in the heart but his pure love alone.'
1919 Death of Julia H. Johnston, 70, American Presbyterian Sunday School leader. She penned about 500 hymns during her lifetime, one of which is still sung today: "Grace Greater Than Our Sin" (a.k.a. "Marvelous Grace of our Loving Lord").
1933 Death of Amos R. Wells, 71, pioneer U.S. Christian educator. From l901 until his death, he was editor of "Peloubet's Notes for the International Sunday School Lessons."

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.


Thought for the day :
"Never judge a book by its movie."


You know you're getting old when...
when you are cautioned to slow down by the doctor instead of by the police.


New State Slogans...
Washington, D.C.: Wanna Be Mayor?


Astounding Fact #65...
The game of volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan.
11 posted on 03/06/2004 6:10:24 AM PST by Valin (America is the land mine between barbarism and civilization.)
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To: Valin
1926 Alan Greenspan economist/Presidential advisor (Federal Reserve Board)

{spit}

Good morning Valin.

12 posted on 03/06/2004 6:29:01 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: U S Army EOD
I was taught this in school and can not understand how anything like this could happen.

They told me the same lies! Someone in Howe's group must have been paying attention to our ways.

13 posted on 03/06/2004 6:30:28 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it; SAMWolf; All

Good morning everyone.

14 posted on 03/06/2004 7:00:37 AM PST by Soaring Feather (~ I do Poetry and party among the stars~)
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To: bentfeather
Good morning feather.
15 posted on 03/06/2004 7:08:57 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it
I'm gonna go out on a limb and say you're not the president of the Ohio chapter of Alan Greenspan fan club. :-)


Back later, there are some bacon and eggs out there with my name on them, and I'll hunt them down no matter the time it takes. Wish me luck!
16 posted on 03/06/2004 7:13:04 AM PST by Valin (America is the land mine between barbarism and civilization.)
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To: Valin
I'm gonna go out on a limb...

LOL. Dang you're clever.

Good luck finding the bacon and eggs. I'm jealous.

17 posted on 03/06/2004 7:31:39 AM PST by snippy_about_it (Fall in --> The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul.)
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To: snippy_about_it
Good Morning Snippy.
18 posted on 03/06/2004 8:15:22 AM PST by SAMWolf (Wedding: A funeral where you get to smell your own flowers.)
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To: Aeronaut
Morning Aeronaut. I've never seen a photo of the X-29 with any weapon mounts. Any idea if they're internal bays?
19 posted on 03/06/2004 8:19:13 AM PST by SAMWolf (Wedding: A funeral where you get to smell your own flowers.)
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To: E.G.C.
Morning E.G.C.
20 posted on 03/06/2004 8:19:28 AM PST by SAMWolf (Wedding: A funeral where you get to smell your own flowers.)
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