Free Republic
Browse · Search
Religion
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

45 Catholic academics urge cardinals to ask Pope Francis to fix exhortation’s errors
Life Site News ^ | Thu Jul 14, 2016 - 12:44 pm EST | Claire Chretien

Posted on 07/16/2016 7:55:11 AM PDT by annalex

45 Catholic academics urge cardinals to ask Pope Francis to fix exhortation’s errors

July 14, 2016 (LifeSiteNews) – Forty-five Catholic prelates, academics, and clergy have submitted an appeal to the Dean of the College of Cardinals in Rome requesting that the cardinals and Eastern Catholic Patriarchs petition Pope Francis to repudiate a list of erroneous propositions that can be drawn from Amoris Laetitia.

The appeal will be sent in various languages to the 218 living Catholic Cardinals and Patriarchs over the coming weeks.

The unnamed signatories contend that the exhortation contains “a number of statements that can be understood in a sense that is contrary to Catholic faith and morals.” According to the group’s press release, the signatories submitted along with their appeal a documented list of applicable theological censures specifying “the nature and degree of the errors that could be attributed to Amoris laetitia.”

The group’s appeal asks the cardinals, in their capacities as the Pope's official advisers, to approach Pope Francis with a request that he reject “the errors listed in the document in a definitive and final manner, and to authoritatively state that Amoris laetitia does not require any of them to be believed or considered as possibly true.”

“We are not accusing the pope of heresy,” said Dr. Joseph Shaw, a signatory and a spokesman for the group of scholars and pastors, “but we consider that numerous propositions in Amoris laetitia can be construed as heretical upon a natural reading of the text. Additional statements would fall under other established theological censures, such as scandalous, erroneous in faith, and ambiguous, among others.”

“It is our hope that by seeking from our Holy Father a definitive repudiation of these errors we can help to allay the confusion already brought about by Amoris laetitia among pastors and the lay faithful,” continued Shaw. “For that confusion can be dispelled effectively only by an unambiguous affirmation of authentic Catholic teaching by the Successor of Peter.”

The group takes issue with nineteen passages in Amoris Laetitia that seem to contradict Catholic doctrine and maintains that the exhortation undermines the Church’s teaching that divorced and civilly remarried Catholics who are not living abstinently may not receive the Sacraments.  

Some of the portions of the exhortation that seemingly contradict the Church’s teaching are related to the seeming suggestion that some would be incapable of obeying the Commandments, the objective sinfulness of certain acts, the headship of the husband, the superiority of consecrated virginity over the married life, and the legitimacy of capital punishment under certain circumstances.

According to the group’s press release, Catholic prelates, scholars, professors, authors, and clergy from various pontifical universities, seminaries, colleges, theological institutes, religious orders, and dioceses around the world are among the signatories.

“The signatories come from all over the world and include pastors, academics in philosophy, and some bishops, as well as theologians,” Shaw told LifeSiteNews.  He said the group has received no responses yet.

In a statement, Shaw explained why the letter has not yet been made public.

“The appeal and cover letter are directed to the cardinals for action in the first place, and we have taken the view that the Sacred College should be allowed to consider the substance of the document and the action to be taken in response to it before its contents are made public,” he said. “The censures are a detailed and technical theological document whose contents are not readily accessible to a non-specialist audience, and are easily misrepresented or misunderstood. Making the document public would impede the cardinals in their task by the media coverage and frequently uninformed debate and polemics it would raise.”

Shaw continued, “At the same time it is important that Catholics who are troubled by some of the statements in Amoris Laetitia be aware that steps are being taken to address the problems it raises; hence the announcement of the document's existence.”

“By the same token we aren't releasing the names of the signatories, though some have agreed to be named,” such as Shaw himself and Father Brian Harrison, Shaw told LifeSiteNews.

The signatories join numerous other Catholic theologians and philosophers in expressing concern that the exhortation endorses practices that are contrary to Church teaching.

Pope Francis’s ambiguity means “what was certain before has become problematic,” Dr. Jude P. Dougherty, the dean emeritus of the School of Philosophy at The Catholic University of America, wrote after the exhortation’s release.

Dr. Anna M. Silvas, a professor at the University of New England and one of the world’s experts on the Church Fathers, delivered a particularly blunt criticism of Amoris Laetitia in which she noted the document failed to mention the term “adultery” and even “the most pious reading of ‘Amoris Laetitia’ cannot say that it has avoided ambiguity.”

The document seems to embrace situation ethics and the Kasper proposal to admit to the Sacraments those living unrepentantly in objectively sinful situations, Silvas said.

“I feel that we have lost all foothold, and fallen like Alice into a parallel universe, where nothing is quite what it seems to be,” she wrote.

Professor Robert Spaemann, a prominent Catholic philosopher and close personal friend of Pope Benedict XVI, said that Amoris Laetitia presents a “breach” with Catholic Tradition and contradicts Pope St. John Paul II’s exhortation Familiaris Consortio.

RELATED

Plea to the pope: Life and family leaders call on pope to ‘end the confusion’


TOPICS: Catholic; Current Events; Theology
KEYWORDS:
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first 1-2021-22 next last

1 posted on 07/16/2016 7:55:11 AM PDT by annalex
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies]

To: NYer; Salvation

For your ping lists.


2 posted on 07/16/2016 7:56:00 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: annalex

Happy to learn the clergy is as upset as the laity...


3 posted on 07/16/2016 8:17:28 AM PDT by heterosupremacist ("Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God." Thomas Jefferson)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: annalex

Sola Scripturi. One God (the Father), one Faith (Christ Jesus is Lord), one baptism (the Holy Spirit). We who believe the Bible believe the truth and no man but Jesus Christ gives the truth to mankind. Therefore, we honor and worship none but Him, God the Son, as the one and only mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus who sits at the right hand of God the Father. None other but Him, the coming King of the earth who will reign in the land of Israel near Jerusalem, the city of the great King Jesus Christ our Lord, for 1000 years as the Revelation teaches. For us, their is no pope and Vatican, we enter into the throne room of God by the once shed blood of Jesus Christ in prayer and He hears us. Search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have life and they speak of Jesus Christ as the Way, the Truth, and the Life. All cults and other religions is devil worship and demon run, atheism being but one of many thousands of lies in the world..


4 posted on 07/16/2016 8:25:49 AM PDT by kindred (Time for a third party for Christians and conservatives and overtaxed patriots.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: annalex

the superiority of consecrated virginity over the married life


Wow.


5 posted on 07/16/2016 8:26:35 AM PDT by sparklite2 ( "The white man is the Jew of Liberal Fascism." -Jonah Goldberg)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: heterosupremacist; annalex
I communicated by e-mail with the sole named author/signer Dr. Joseph Shaw --- joseph.shaw@philosophy.ox.ac.uk --- and asked for a copy. He said they haven't made the text public at this time for two reasons: they haven't yet sent it to all the cardinals, and it's quite technical and apt to be abused by the secular media, i.e. flagrantly misrepresented and misunderstood.

On the other hand, he said they are hearing news of an attempt to publish a version of it. He says "This may very well oblige us to publish the official version in the next few days. So then I suppose your question will be answered. If it doesn't, then perhaps we should return to this question."

So I'll let y'all know as soon as I know. I'll post up here on FR.

I agree: it's good to know that some of the clergy are very, very disturbed by the defects of Amoris Laetitia.

6 posted on 07/16/2016 8:27:11 AM PDT by Mrs. Don-o ("Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts." - Daniel P. Moynihan)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: Mrs. Don-o

Post #6 ~ First, I want to thank you for taking the initiative. Second, “... and it’s quite technical and apt to be abused by the secular media, i.e. flagrantly misrepresented and misunderstood.”

We all KNOW it will be flagrantly misrepresented by the secular media, regardless of its contents.

wishing you and yours a blessed day...


7 posted on 07/16/2016 8:43:59 AM PDT by heterosupremacist ("Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God." Thomas Jefferson)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: kindred

Post # 4 ~ I’m not looking to try to be a wiseguy, and I refuse to get into the back and forth of our respective beliefs - that never solves anything.

I respectfully ask for your answer to this : If the Bible is the one and only source of your belief, can you show me where in the Bible do you find sola scriptura?


8 posted on 07/16/2016 8:50:52 AM PDT by heterosupremacist ("Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God." Thomas Jefferson)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 4 | View Replies]

To: kindred
For us, their is no pope and Vatican

Speak for yourself.

9 posted on 07/17/2016 10:50:37 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 4 | View Replies]

To: sparklite2
Wow.

I say to the unmarried, and to the widows: It is good for them if they so continue, even as I. But if they do not contain themselves, let them marry.

[...]

He that is without a wife, is solicitous for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please God. [33] But he that is with a wife, is solicitous for the things of the world, how he may please his wife: and he is divided. [34] And the unmarried woman and the virgin thinketh on the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit. But she that is married thinketh on the things of the world, how she may please her husband.

(1 Corintians 7:8-9,32-34)


10 posted on 07/17/2016 10:57:43 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 5 | View Replies]

To: Mrs. Don-o
technical and apt to be abused by the secular media

That should not be a consideration. If the secular media reports that Catholic scholars consider the Apostolic Exhortation lacking precision and open to criticism, then that is good. That the media will put their own spin is granted, but the more they spin the more people learn to read between the lines and ignore the leftwing yapping.

I'll let y'all know as soon as I know

Please do.

11 posted on 07/17/2016 11:04:59 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: Mrs. Don-o; heterosupremacist
We now know who signed:

Signers of document critiquing 'Amoris Laetitia' revealed

12 posted on 07/22/2016 4:16:26 PM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: annalex

I’m pleasantly surprised that Rev. John Hunwicke signed the document.


13 posted on 07/22/2016 7:27:19 PM PDT by ebb tide (We have a rogue curia in Rome.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 12 | View Replies]

To: ebb tide; annalex
It's good to see some familiar names: John Hunwicke of course, also Joseph Shaw of the Latin Mass group in UK, Luke Gormally (son-in-law of Elizabeth Anscombe), Dr. Rao from St. John's in NYC, Philip Blosser at Sacred Heart Seminary (Detroit), Mike Sirilla at Franciscan (Steubenville).

I think it's fair to say each of them represents dozens or hundreds of similar stature: teachers, colleagues, former students, the many whose intellectual and spiritual formation they have guided over the years.

This, finally, is good.

14 posted on 07/22/2016 8:04:27 PM PDT by Mrs. Don-o ("Come into my cell. Make yourself at home." - Lancelot (Walker Percy))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 13 | View Replies]

To: Mrs. Don-o

Not to mention, Msgr. Ignacio Barreiro of Human Life International.


15 posted on 07/22/2016 8:43:23 PM PDT by ebb tide (We have a rogue curia in Rome.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

To: annalex

Although I doubt ANTHING printed in the NCR ~ maybe we now know who didn’t sign? For example, Cardinal Timothy Dolan of the USCCB?

I will look into this and report my findings later...


16 posted on 07/22/2016 9:55:41 PM PDT by heterosupremacist ("Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God." Thomas Jefferson)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 12 | View Replies]

To: Mrs. Don-o

I am curious about the academics who signed. Is there a list of them available? Any Americans on it?


17 posted on 07/22/2016 10:19:26 PM PDT by kalee
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: kalee
From the link at #12:

Dr. Jose Tomas Alvarado
Associate Professor
Institute of Philosophy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Rev. Fr. Scott Anthony Armstrong PhD
Brisbane Oratory in formation

Rev. Claude Barthe

Rev. Ray Blake
Parish priest of the diocese of Arundel and Brighton

Fr. Louis-Marie de Blignieres FSVF
Doctor of Philosophy

Dr. Philip Blosser
Professor of Philosophy
Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Archdiocese of Detroit

Msgr. Ignacio Barreiro Carambula, STD, JD
Chaplain and Faculty Member of the Roman Forum

Rev. Fr. Thomas Crean OP, STD
Holy Cross parish, Leicester

Fr. Albert-Marie Crignion FSVF
Doctor designatus of Theology

Robert de Mattei
Professor of History of Christianity, European University of Rome

Cyrille Dounot JCL
Professor of Law, the University of Auvergne
Ecclesiastical advocate, archdiocese of Lyon

Fr. Neil Feguson OP, MA, BD
Lecturer in sacred Scripture, Blackfriars Hall, University of Oxford

Dr. Alan Fimister STL, PhD
Assistant Professor of Theology, St. John Vianney Seminary, archdiocese of Denver

Luke Gormally
Director Emeritus, The Linacre Centre for Healthcare Ethics
Sometime Research Professor, Ave Maria School of Law, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ordinary Member, The Pontifical Academy for Life

Carlos A. Casanova Guerra
Doctor of Philosophy, Full Professor of Universidad Santo Tomas de Chile

Rev. Brian W. Harrison OS, MA, STD
Associate Professor of Theology (retired), Pontifical University of Puerto Rico; Scholar-in-Residence, Oblates of Wisdom Study Center, St. Louis, Missouri; Chaplain, St. Mary of Victories Chapel, St. Louis, Missouri

Rev. Simon Henry BA (Hons), MA
Parish priest of the archdiocese of Liverpool

Rev. John Hunwicke
Former Senior Research Fellow, Pusey House, Oxford; Priest of the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham

Peter A. Kwasniewski PhD, Philosophy
Professor, Wyoming Catholic College

Dr. John R.T. Lamont STL, D.Phil

Fr. Serafino M. Lanzetta, PhD
Lecturer in Dogmatic Theology, Theological Faculty of Lugano, Switzerland
Priest in charge of St. Mary's, Gosport, in the diocese of Portsmouth

Dr. Anthony McCarthy
Visiting Lecturer in Moral Philosophy at the International Theological Institute, Austria

Rev. Stephen Morgan D.Phil (Oxon)
Lecturer & Tutor in Theology, Maryvale Higher Institute of Religious Sciences

Don Alfredo Morselli STL
Parish priest of the archdiocese of Bologna

Rev. Richard A. Munkelt PhD
Chaplain and Faculty Member, Roman Forum

Fr. Aidan Nichols OP, PhD
Formerly John Paul II Lecturer in Roman Catholic Theology, University of Oxford
Prior of the Convent of St. Michael, Cambridge

Fr. Robert Nortz MMA, STL
Director of Studies, Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity, Massachusetts (Maronite)

Rev. John Osman MA, STL
Parish priest in the archdiocese of Birmingham, former Catholic chaplain to the University of Cambridge

Christopher D. Owens STL (Cand.)
Adjunct Instructor, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, St. John's University (NYC)
Director, St. Albert the Great Center for Scholastic Studies

Rev. David Palmer MA
Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham
Chair of Marriage and Family Life Commission, Diocese of Nottingham

Dr. Paolo Pasqualucci
Professor of Philosophy (retired), University of Perugia

Dr. Claudio Pierantoni
Professor of Medieval Philosophy in the Philosophy Faculty of the University of Chile
Former Professor of Church History and Patrology at the Faculty of Theology of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Member of the International Association of Patristic Studies

Fr. Anthony Pillari JCL (Cand.)
Priest of the archdiocese of San Antonio, chaplain to Carmelite nuns

Prof. Enrico Maria Radaelli
International Science and Commonsense Association (ISCA)
Department of Metaphysics of Beauty and Philosophy of Arts, Research Director

Dr. John C. Rao D.Phil (Oxford)
Associate Professor of History, St. John's University (NYC)
Chairman, Roman Forum

Fr. Reginald-Marie Rivoire FSVF
Doctor designatus of canon law

Rt. Rev. Giovanni Scalese CRSP, SThL, DPhil
Ordinary of Afghanistan

Dr. Joseph Shaw
Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at St. Benet's Hall, Oxford University

Dr. Anna M. Silvas FAHA
Adjunct research fellow, University of New England, NSW, Australia

Michael G. Sirilla, PhD
Professor of Systematic and Dogmatic Theology, Franciscan University of Steubenville

Professor Dr. Thomas Stark
Phil.-Theol. Hochschule Benedikt XVI, Heiligenkreuz

Rev. Glen Tattersall
Parish priest, Parish of Bl. John Henry Newman, archdiocese of Melbourne
Rector, St. Aloysius' Church

Giovanni Turco
Professor of the Philosophy of Public Law, University of Udine

Fr. Edmund Waldstein OCist.
Vice-Rector of the Leopoldinum seminary and lecturer in moral theology at the Phil.-Theol. Hochschule Benedikt XVI, Heiligenkreuz

Nicholas Warembourg
Professeur agrege des facultes de droit
Ecole de Droit de la Sorbonne - Universite Paris 1


18 posted on 07/23/2016 9:35:25 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 17 | View Replies]

To: heterosupremacist

It matters less who did not sign; most likely the authors reached out only to those they expected to sign. It is not an opinion poll.


19 posted on 07/23/2016 9:37:52 AM PDT by annalex (fear them not)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

To: kalee
Here, so you can read the list without having to click on the source, the National Catholic (Fishwrap) Reporter

Following are the signatories of the letter to the cardinals, as listed in the document:

Dr. Jose Tomas Alvarado
Associate Professor
Institute of Philosophy
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Rev. Fr. Scott Anthony Armstrong PhD
Brisbane Oratory in formation

Rev. Claude Barthe

Rev. Ray Blake
Parish priest of the diocese of Arundel and Brighton

Fr. Louis-Marie de Blignieres FSVF
Doctor of Philosophy

Dr. Philip Blosser
Professor of Philosophy
Sacred Heart Major Seminary
Archdiocese of Detroit

Msgr. Ignacio Barreiro Carambula, STD, JD
Chaplain and Faculty Member of the Roman Forum

Rev. Fr. Thomas Crean OP, STD
Holy Cross parish, Leicester

Fr. Albert-Marie Crignion FSVF
Doctor designatus of Theology

Robert de Mattei
Professor of History of Christianity
European University of Rome

Cyrille Dounot JCL
Professor of Law, the University of Auvergne
Ecclesiastical advocate, Archdiocese of Lyon

Fr. Neil Feguson OP, MA, BD
Lecturer in Sacred Scripture
Blackfriars Hall, University of Oxford

Dr. Alan Fimister STL, PhD
Assistant Professor of Theology
St. John Vianney Seminary, Archdiocese of Denver

Luke Gormally
Director Emeritus, The Linacre Centre for Healthcare Ethics
Sometime Research Professor
Ave Maria School of Law, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Member, The Pontifical Academy for Life

Carlos A. Casanova Guerra
Doctor of Philosophy
Full Professor of Universidad Santo Tomas de Chile

Rev. Brian W. Harrison OS, MA, STD
Associate Professor of Theology (retired)
Pontifical University of Puerto Rico
Scholar-in-Residence
Oblates of Wisdom Study Center
Chaplain, St. Mary of Victories Chapel
St. Louis, Missouri

Rev. Simon Henry BA (Hons), MA
Parish priest of the archdiocese of Liverpool

Rev. John Hunwicke
Former Senior Research Fellow
Pusey House, Oxford
Priest of the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham

Peter A. Kwasniewski PhD, Philosophy
Professor, Wyoming Catholic College

Dr. John R.T. Lamont STL, D.Phil

Fr. Serafino M. Lanzetta, PhD
Lecturer in Dogmatic Theology
Theological Faculty of Lugano, Switzerland
Priest in charge of St. Mary's, Gosport
in the diocese of Portsmouth

Dr. Anthony McCarthy
Visiting Lecturer in Moral Philosophy
International Theological Institute, Austria

Rev. Stephen Morgan D.Phil (Oxon)
Lecturer & Tutor in Theology
Maryvale Higher Institute of Religious Sciences

Don Alfredo Morselli STL
Parish priest of the archdiocese of Bologna

Rev. Richard A. Munkelt PhD
Chaplain and Faculty Member, Roman Forum

Fr. Aidan Nichols OP, PhD
Formerly John Paul II Lecturer in Roman Catholic Theology
University of Oxford
Prior of the Convent of St. Michael, Cambridge

Fr. Robert Nortz MMA, STL
Director of Studies
Monastery of the Most Holy Trinity, Massachusetts (Maronite)

Rev. John Osman MA, STL
Parish priest in the archdiocese of Birmingham
former Catholic chaplain to the University of Cambridge

Christopher D. Owens STL (Cand.)
Adjunct Instructor, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies
St. John's University (NYC)
Director, St. Albert the Great Center for Scholastic Studies

Rev. David Palmer MA
Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham
Chair of Marriage and Family Life Commission
Diocese of Nottingham

Dr. Paolo Pasqualucci
Professor of Philosophy (retired)
University of Perugia

Dr. Claudio Pierantoni
Professor of Medieval Philosophy
University of Chile
Former Professor of Church History and Patrology
Faculty of Theology of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Member of the International Association of Patristic Studies

Fr. Anthony Pillari JCL (Cand.)
Priest of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, TX
chaplain to Carmelite nuns

Prof. Enrico Maria Radaelli
International Science and Commonsense Association (ISCA)
Research Director
Department of Metaphysics of Beauty and Philosophy of Arts

Dr. John C. Rao D.Phil (Oxford)
Associate Professor of History St. John's University (NYC)
Chairman, Roman Forum

Fr. Reginald-Marie Rivoire FSVF
Doctor designatus of canon law

Rt. Rev. Giovanni Scalese CRSP, SThL, DPhil
Ordinary of Afghanistan

Dr. Joseph Shaw
Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy
St. Benet's Hall, Oxford University

Dr. Anna M. Silvas FAHA
Adjunct research fellow
University of New England, NSW, Australia

Michael G. Sirilla, PhD
Professor of Systematic and Dogmatic Theology
Franciscan University of Steubenville
Professor Dr. Thomas Stark
Phil.-Theol. Hochschule Benedikt XVI, Heiligenkreuz

Rev. Glen Tattersall
Parish priest, Parish of Bl. John Henry Newman
Archdiocese of Melbourne
Rector, St. Aloysius' Church

Giovanni Turco
Professor of the Philosophy of Public Law
University of Udine


Fr. Edmund Waldstein OCist. Vice-Rector of the Leopoldinum seminary
lecturer in moral theology at the Phil.-Theol.
Hochschule Benedikt XVI, Heiligenkreuz

Nicholas Warembourg
Professeur agrege des facultes de droit
Ecole de Droit de la Sorbonne
Universite Paris 1

20 posted on 07/23/2016 10:33:07 AM PDT by Mrs. Don-o ("Come into my cell. Make yourself at home." - Lancelot (Walker Percy))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 17 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first 1-2021-22 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
Religion
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson