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St. James the Lesser, Apostle
CatholicForum.com ^ | not given | Catholic Forum

Posted on 05/03/2005 9:08:52 AM PDT by Salvation

JAMES the Lesser

[painting of Saint James]
Also known as
Jacobus Minor; James the Younger; James the Just
Memorial
3 May
Profile
Apostle. Cousin of Jesus. Brother of Saint Jude Thaddeus. One of the first to have visions of the risen Christ. First Bishop of Jerusalem.

Having been beaten to death, a club almost immediately became his symbol. This led to his patronage of fullers and pharmacists, both of whom use clubs in their professions.

Like all men of renown, large stories grew up around James. He is reported to have spent so much time in prayer that his knees thickened, and looked like a camel's. Soon after the Crucifixion, James said he would fast until Christ returned; the resurrected Jesus appeared to him, and fixed a meal Himself.
Died
martyred c.62 at Jerusalem by being thrown from a pinnacle of the Temple, then stoned and beaten with clubs, including fuller's mallets, while praying for his attackers
Canonized
Pre-Congregation
Patronage
apothecaries; druggists; dying people; fullers; hatmakers; hatters; milliners; pharmacists; Uruguay
Prayers
Prayer to...
Representation

fuller's club; man holding a book
Images
Gallery of images of Saint James [5 images, 103 kb]
Additional Information
Google Directory
Lives of Illustrious Men, by Saint Jerome
Goffine's Devout Instructions
Writings
canonical Letter of James


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KEYWORDS: catholiclist; lesser; stjames
Today is the Feast Day of St. James the Lesser, apostle -- shared with St. Philip, also an apostle.
1 posted on 05/03/2005 9:08:53 AM PDT by Salvation
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To: Salvation
St. James the Lesser

 

St. James the Lesser

Feastday: May 3 Patron of Hatmmakers

St. James the Less, the author of the first Catholic Epistle, was the son of Alphaeus of Cleophas. His mother Mary was either a sister or a close relative of the Blessed Virgin, and for that reason, according to Jewish custom, he was sometimes called the brother of the Lord. The Apostle held a distinguished position in the early Christian community of Jerusalem. St. Paul tells us he was a witness of the Resurrection of Christ; he is also a "pillar" of the Church, whom St. Paul consulted about the Gospel.

According to tradition, he was the first Bishop of Jerusalem, and was at the Council of Jerusalem about the year 50. The historians Eusebius and Hegesippus relayed that St. James was martyred for the Faith by the Jews in the Spring of the year 62, although they greatly esteemed his person and had given him the surname of "James the Just."

Tradition has always recognized him as the author of the Epistle that bears his name. Internal evidence based on the language, style, and teaching of the Epistle reveals its author as a Jew familiar with the Old Testament, and a Christian thoroughly grounded in the teachings of the Gospel. External evidence from the early Fathers and Councils of the Church confirmed its authenticity and canonicity.

The date of its writing cannot be determined exactly. According to some scholars it was written about the year 49 A.D. Others, however, claim it was written after St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans (composed during the winter of 57-58 A.D.). It was probably written between the years 60 and 62 A.D.

St. James addresses himself to the "twelve tribes that are in the Dispersion," that is, to Christians outside Palestine; but nothing in the Epistle indicates that he is thinking only of Jewish Christians. St. James realizes full well the temptations and difficulties they encounter in the midst of paganism, and as a spiritual father, he endeavors to guide and dir ect them in the faith. Therefore, the burden of his discourse is an exhortation to practical Christian living.


2 posted on 05/03/2005 9:11:20 AM PDT by Salvation (†With God all things are possible.†)
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To: All
ST. JAMES THE LESS, APOSTLE

ST. JAMES THE LESS, APOSTLE.
Feast: May 3
See Tillemont, t. 1, p. 405; Ceillier, t. 1, p. 422.

St. James, to distinguish him from the other apostle of the same name, the son of Zebedee, was called the Less; which appellation is supposed to have taken its rise, either from his having been called later to the apostleship than the former, or from the lowness of his stature, or from his youth. He is also known by the title of James the Just, a denomination all agree, with Hegesippus1 and St. Clement of Alexandria, to have been given on account of his eminent sanctity. He was the son of Alpheus and Mary, the sister of the Blessed Virgin and seems to have been born some years before our Lord. Jesus came with his brethren, and probably St. James among the rest, to settle in Capharnaum, at the beginning of his ministry.2 James and his brother Jude were called to the apostleship in the second year of Christ's preaching, soon after the Pasch, in the year 31. He was favored with an extraordinary apparition of his Master after his resurrection.3 Clement of Alexandria says, that Christ being risen from the dead, communicated the gift of science4 to SS. James the Just, John, and Peter, and that they imparted it to the other apostles. We are told by SS. Jerome5 and Epiphanius,6 that our Lord, at his ascension, recommended his church of Jerusalem to St. James; in consequence whereof the apostles, before their dispersion, constituted him bishop of that city. It was probably for a mark of his episcopal authority, and as an ensign of his dignity, that he wore on his head a lamina, or plate of gold, as is recounted by St. Epiphanius.7 Polycrates, quoted by Eusebius,8 testifies, that St. John did the same: others relate the like of St. Mark. It was probably done in imitation of the Jewish high-priest.

St. James governed that church in perpetual dangers, from the fury of the people and their violent persecutions; but his singular virtue procured him the veneration of the Jews themselves. As to his sanctity, Eusebius9 and St. Jerome10 give from Hegesippus the following account concerning him: "He was always a virgin, and was a Nazarite, or one consecrated to God. In consequence of which he was never shaved, never cut his hair, never drank any wine or other strong liquor; moreover, he never used any bath, or oil to anoint his limbs, and never ate of any living creature except when of precept, as the paschal lamb: he never wore sandals, never used any other clothes than one single linen garment. He prostrated so much in prayer, that the skin of his knees and forehead was hardened like to camels' hoofs." St. Epiphanius says,11 that, in a great drought, on stretching out his arms to heaven, he, by his prayers, instantly obtained rain. His eminent sanctity made even the Jews style him the just man: and Origen observes,12 that Josephus himself gives him that epithet, though it is not to be found now in Josephus' works. The same reverence for his person procured him the privilege of entering at pleasure into the Sanctum or Holy place, namely, that part of the temple where none but the priests were allowed by the law to enter.13 St. Jerome adds,14 that the Jews strove, out of respect, who should touch the hem of his garment. In the year 51, ho assisted at the council of the apostles, held at Jerusalem, about the observance of circumcision, and the other legal ceremonies of the law of Moses. Here, after having confirmed what St. Peter said, he devised the sentence which the apostles drew up on that occasion.15 This apostle being bishop of a church, which then chiefly consisted of Jewish converts, tolerated the use of the legal ceremonies,16 and, together with others, advised St. Paul to purify himself and offer sacrifice.17 He is the author of a canonical epistle which he wrote in Greek. It is at the head of those called <catholic>, or universal, because addressed not to any one particular church, but to the whole body of the converted Jews dispersed throughout the then known world. It was penned some time after those of St. Paul to the Galatians, in 55, and to the Romans in 58. It could not, therefore, be written before the year 59, fourteen years after the death of St. James the greater. The author's view in this epistle is to refute the false teachers, who, abusing certain expressions in St. Paul's writings, pretended that faith alone was sufficient to justification without good works: whereas, without these, he declares our faith is dead. He adds excellent precepts of a holy life, and exhorts the faithful not to neglect the sacrament of extreme unction in sickness.

The oriental liturgy or mass, which bears the name of this apostle, is mentioned by Proclus, patriarch of Constantinople, and by the council in Trullo, and is of venerable antiquity. St. Basil, indeed, testifies,18 that the words of the sacred invocation in the consecration of the bread and of the cup, were not committed to writing, but learned and preserved by tradition down to the fourth century, which was done on a motive of respect and veneration: but other parts of the liturgy were written. Perhaps St. James gave only general directions about this liturgy, upon whose plan it was afterwards drawn up or enlarged. His singular learning in sacred matters is extolled by St. Clement of Alexandria,19 and St. Jerome.20

The Jews, being exasperated at the disappointment of their malicious designs against St. Paul, by his appeal to Caesar, to whom he was sent by Festus, in the year 60, were resolved to revenge it on St. James. That governor, dying before the arrival of his successor, Albinus, this vacancy gave them an opportunity of acting more arbitrarily than otherwise they durst have done. Wherefore, during this interval, Ananus, the high-priest, son of the famous Annas mentioned in the gospels, having assembled the Sanhedrim, or great council of the Jews, summoned St. James and others before it. Josephus, the Jewish historian, says,21 that St. James was accused of violating the laws, and delivered to the people to be stoned to death. And Hegesippus adds,22 that they carried him up to the battlements of the temple, and would have compelled him from thence to make a public renunciation of his faith in Christ, with this further view, thereby to undeceive, as they termed it, those among the people who had embraced Christianity. But St. James took that opportunity to declare his belief in Jesus Christ, after the most solemn and public manner. For he cried out aloud from the battlements, in the hearing of a great multitude, which was then at Jerusalem on account of the Passover, that Jesus, the Son of man, was seated at the right hand of the Sovereign Majesty, and would come in the clouds of heaven to judge the world. The Scribes and Pharisees, enraged at this testimony in behalf of Jesus, cried out: "The just man also hath erred." And going up to the battlements, they threw him headlong down to the ground, saying, "He must be stoned." St. James, though very much bruised by his fall, had strength enough to get upon his knees, and in this posture, lifting up his eyes to heaven, he begged of God to pardon his murderers, seeing that they knew not what they did. The rabble below received him with showers of stones, and at last a fuller gave him a blow on the head with his club, such as is used in dressing of cloths, after which he presently expired. This happened on the festival of the Pasch, the 10th of April, in the year of Christ 62, the seventh of Nero. He was buried near the temple, in the place in which he was martyred, where a small column was erected. Such was the reputation of his sanctity, that the Jews attributed to his death the destruction of Jerusalem, as we read in St. Jerome,23 Origen,24 and Eusebius,25 who assure us that Josephus himself declared it in the genuine editions of his history. Ananus put others to death for the same cause, but was threatened for this very fact by Albinus, and deposed from the high-priesthood by Agrippa. The episcopal throne of St. James was shown with respect at Jerusalem, in the fourth century. His relics are said to have been brought to Constantinople about the year 572.


Endnotes

1 B. 2, c. 1, 23.

2 John II. 12.

3 1 Cor. xv. 7.

4 <Ten gnosin>, Eus. b. 2, c. 1.

5 In Gal. p. 164.

6 Haer. 87.

7 Haer. 29.

8 Eus b. 3, c. 24.

9 B. 2, c. 23.

10 In Jovin. b. 2, c. 24.

11 Haer. 78.

12 Orig. in Cels. l. 1, p. 35.

13 Heges. apud Eus. ib.

14 In Galat. l. 19.

15 Acts xv.

16 Gal. ii. 11.

17 Acts xxi. 17.

18 L. de Spir. S. c. 27.

19 Apud Eus l. 2, c. 1.

20 L. contra Cels.

21 Ant. l. 20.

22 Apud Eus. l. 2, c. 23.

23 In Jovin. b. 1, c. 24.

24 Contra Cels. 1, and in Matt. p. 223.

25 Eus. Hist. l. 1, c. 23.


(Taken from Vol. V of "The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints" by the Rev. Alban Butler, the 1864 edition published by D. & J. Sadlier, & Company)


3 posted on 05/03/2005 9:20:36 AM PDT by Salvation (†With God all things are possible.†)
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To: Salvation

Hmmm....I didn't know the Roman Catholic church associated James the Just (bishop of the church in Jerusalem and author of the Epistle "James") with James the Lesser and associated Jude (author of the Epistle "Jude") with Nathaniel.

I'm not compelled by the RCC's explanations for naming James and Jude as Jesus' "cousins" or with the liklihood of their assertions of Mary's life-long virginity, but I AM curious regarding how the association is made to connect James the Just with James the Lesser or where it was first suggested in tradition that James the Lesser was Nathaniel's (Thaddeus') brother.

Got any information on this?


4 posted on 05/03/2005 9:24:41 AM PDT by Crush T Velour
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To: Salvation

My patron saint! Thanks for posting.


5 posted on 05/03/2005 9:37:59 AM PDT by te lucis ("A Catholic likes using his mind on his Faith, like burnishing a treasure." -Bp. Richard Williamson)
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To: te lucis

Thank you for the bump!


6 posted on 05/03/2005 5:34:51 PM PDT by Salvation (†With God all things are possible.†)
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To: nickcarraway; sandyeggo; Siobhan; Lady In Blue; NYer; american colleen; Pyro7480; sinkspur; ...
Saint of the Day Ping!

Please notify me via FReepmail if you would like to be added to or taken off the Saint of the Day Ping List.

7 posted on 05/03/2005 5:37:45 PM PDT by Salvation (†With God all things are possible.†)
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To: Salvation

My namesake. Please pray for us St. James


8 posted on 05/03/2005 5:41:34 PM PDT by pissant (select your paddle carefully)
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To: Salvation
THANKS FOR     THE PING!

9 posted on 05/03/2005 6:00:54 PM PDT by Smartass (Si vis pacem, para bellum - Por el dedo de Dios se escribió)
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To: Crush T Velour; Salvation

Brothers of Jesus?
by Deacon Paul Carlson

Recently an archeological find of great importance to Bible scholars was announced in the press. An ossuary (bone box) surfaced as part of a private collection with the inscription “James the son of Joseph, the brother of Jesus.” In June 2003 the Israel Antiquities Authority declared it a forgery.

In the New Testament there are passages referring to Jesus’ brothers and sisters.

“Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary, a brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? Are not his sisters our neighbors here? (Mk. 6: 3, 3: 21, 31, Mt. 13: 56, Jn. 7: 5, Gal. 1: 19).

Most main line churches support the doctrine of the virgin birth which is presented in the Gospels and handed down in the Nicene Creed. However in Roman Catholic theology we also describe the Blessed Mother as “ever virgin” which arose early in Christianity. It was very much part of theology in the Middle Ages. It appeared in the reformers confessional writings (Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli; Book of Concord, Smalcald Articles).

Who then were these so called “brothers and sisters of Jesus?”
The setting in which the family of Jesus lived was Hebrew-Aramaic. In those languages there were limited words for relationships. On the male side there is only father, son, or brother. On the female side there is only mother, sister, or daughter. There are no words for cousin, uncle, aunt, etc.

Thus when the Greek New Testament was written, the Aramaic relationship of brother and sister was handed down. It is not far fetched to assume that Jesus and his family were remembered according to the view presented in the original Hebrew-Aramaic setting.

If they weren’t brothers and sisters (adelphos/adelphe in Greek), who were they?

Some who accepted the ancient tradition that Mary was “ever virgin” believed that these “brothers” were actually half-brothers of Jesus; sons of Joseph by a previous marriage. He was therefore a widower with children when he took Mary who was with child into his home. There were no subsequent marital demands since Joseph was elderly. Joseph made no appearances during Jesus’ ministry since he was already deceased. Mary raised Joseph’s children. This was the theory of Epiphanius, an Eastern Church father.

The eminent Scripture scholar, Jerome, taught that these brothers were actually cousins, sons of Joseph’s brother or Mary’s sister. There is one additional factor that is of greatest importance in evaluating this issue. It seems highly unlikely that the doctrine of perpetual virginity would have gained acceptance in the early second century in view of the fact that these four so-called brothers became prominent movers in the early Church and one of them, James, became bishop of Jerusalem.

Did these "brothers" believe in Jesus and his vision of the kingdom?
There is another most interesting development in the history of these men called “the brothers of the Lord.” It is clear that they did not participate in or give any support to Jesus during his public ministry. In fact at the very beginning when he was gaining acceptance as a prophet and teacher of the people but had also antagonized the leading Pharisees, they revealed their disbelief if not their opposition.

“When his family heard of this they came to take charge of him saying he is out of his mind” (Mk. 3: 21).

It is most significant that this negative attitude is also recorded in John’s Gospel which was written about twenty years later in Asia Minor. He had stopped in to visit the family home in Galilee.

“His brothers had this to say: ‘you ought to leave here and go to Judea, so that your disciples there might see the works that you are performing. No one who wishes to be known publicly keeps his actions hidden. If you are going to do things like this, you may as well display yourself to the world at large.’ As a matter of fact, not even his brothers had much confidence in him” (Jn. 7: 3-5).

What happened to change them?
Obviously something earthshaking had to occur to change the thinking of these men. The Apostle Paul in the first account of the resurrection tells us what happened.

“He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve...then by James, then by all the apostles. Last of all he was seen by me” (1 Cor. 15: 5, 7).

This James was the “brother of the Lord.” His next appearance was at the “upper room” in prayer after the ascension. “There were some women in their company, and Mary the mother of Jesus and his brothers” (Acts 1: 14).

It is here that the power of that first Pentecost filled the lives of these followers of Jesus and the Church was born. He was the leader in Jerusalem (Acts 15: 13). Eusebius writes that he was called James the righteous because of his great virtue and he became the first bishop of Jerusalem. Ancient tradition states that he was thrown from the parapet of the temple but survived and then was stoned to death.

from-http://www.aboutcatholics.com/faith_beliefs/brothers_jesus/


10 posted on 05/03/2005 6:19:12 PM PDT by okokie (Terri Schivo Martyr for the Gospel of Life)
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To: Salvation

Honors to James the Just, teacher of the precept "Faith without works is dead."


11 posted on 05/03/2005 7:53:11 PM PDT by Ciexyz (Let us always remember, the Lord is in control.)
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To: Salvation

btt


12 posted on 05/03/2005 8:36:04 PM PDT by Ciexyz (Let us always remember, the Lord is in control.)
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To: okokie

Yes, I know about that. I also know that John 7:5
says that prior to the crucifixion "even his brothers did not believe in [Jesus]".

So why would James the Just or Jude (even granting that Jesus' "brothers" were actually cousins or half-brothers, which I don't) be associated with the disciples James the Lesser and Nathaniel?

I find this intriguing? Do you know when this association was first made and by whom?


13 posted on 05/04/2005 10:50:59 AM PDT by Crush T Velour
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To: Crush T Velour

The way I understand it is-they didn't understand until the first Penetecost, then their hardness of heart allowed them to understand and and become followers!!

I do believe they were cousins, not brothers because I believe that Mary was ever virgin-


14 posted on 05/04/2005 3:00:56 PM PDT by okokie (Terri Schivo Martyr for the Gospel of Life)
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To: All

BTTT on the Feast of Sts Philip and James, May 3, 2006!


15 posted on 05/03/2006 9:00:33 AM PDT by Salvation (†With God all things are possible.†)
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To: All
American Catholic’s Saint of the Day

                                                                     
May 3, 2007
Sts. Philip and James

James, Son of Alphaeus: We know nothing of this man but his name, and of course the fact that Jesus chose him to be one of the 12 pillars of the New Israel, his Church. He is not the James of Acts, son of Clopas, “brother” of Jesus and later bishop of Jerusalem and the traditional author of the Letter of James. James, son of Alphaeus, is also known as James the Lesser to avoid confusing him with James the son of Zebedee, also an apostle and known as James the Greater.

Philip: Philip came from the same town as Peter and Andrew, Bethsaida in Galilee. Jesus called him directly, whereupon he sought out Nathanael and told him of the “one about whom Moses wrote” (John 1:45).

Like the other apostles, Philip took a long time coming to realize who Jesus was. On one occasion, when Jesus saw the great multitude following him and wanted to give them food, he asked Philip where they should buy bread for the people to eat. St. John comments, “[Jesus] said this to test him, because he himself knew what he was going to do” (John 6:6). Philip answered, “Two hundred days’ wages worth of food would not be enough for each of them to have a little [bit]” (John 6:7).

John’s story is not a put-down of Philip. It was simply necessary for these men who were to be the foundation stones of the Church to see the clear distinction between humanity’s total helplessness apart from God and the human ability to be a bearer of divine power by God’s gift.

On another occasion, we can almost hear the exasperation in Jesus’ voice. After Thomas had complained that they did not know where Jesus was going, Jesus said, “I am the way...If you know me, then you will also know my Father. From now on you do know him and have seen him” (John 14:6a, 7). Then Philip said, “Master, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us” (John 14:8). Enough! Jesus answered, “Have I been with you for so long a time and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father” (John 14:9a).

Possibly because Philip bore a Greek name or because he was thought to be close to Jesus, some Gentile proselytes came to him and asked him to introduce them to Jesus. Philip went to Andrew, and Andrew went to Jesus. Jesus’ reply in John’s Gospel is indirect; Jesus says that now his “hour” has come, that in a short time he will give his life for Jew and Gentile alike.

Comment:

As in the case of the other apostles, we see in James and Philip human men who became foundation stones of the Church, and we are reminded again that holiness and its consequent apostolate are entirely the gift of God, not a matter of human achieving. All power is God’s power, even the power of human freedom to accept his gifts. “You will be clothed with power from on high,” Jesus told Philip and the others. Their first commission had been to expel unclean spirits, heal diseases, announce the kingdom. They learned, gradually, that these externals were sacraments of an even greater miracle inside their persons—the divine power to love like God.

Quote:

“He sent them...so that as sharers in his power they might make all peoples his disciples, sanctifying and governing them.... They were fully confirmed in this mission on the day of Pentecost (cf. Acts 2:1–26) in accordance with the Lord’s promise: ‘You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you shall be witnesses for me...even to the very ends of the earth’ (Acts 1:8). By everywhere preaching the gospel (cf. Mark 16:20), which was accepted by their hearers under the influence of the Holy Spirit, the apostles gathered together the universal Church, which the Lord established on the apostles and built upon blessed Peter, their chief, Christ Jesus himself remaining the supreme cornerstone...” (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, 19).



16 posted on 05/03/2007 7:23:56 AM PDT by Salvation (" With God all things are possible. ")
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To: All
Saints Philip & James, Apostles

Saints Philip & James, Apostles
Feast Day
May 3rd

Saint Philip - Abrecht Dürer, tempera on canvas (1516)
(Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence)


Isti sunt viri sancti, quos elegit Dominus in caritate non ficta,
ed dedit illis gloriam sempiternam, Alleluia.

The Lord chose these holy men for their unfeigned love,
and gave them eternal glory. Alleluia.

Collect:

God our, Father,
every year You give us joy
on the festival of the apostles Philip and James.
By the help of their prayers
may we share in the suffering, death, and resurrection
of Your only Son
and come to the eternal vision of Your glory.

We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son,
who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit,
on God, for ever and ever. +Amen

First reading: 1 Corinthians 15:1-8
Now I would remind you, brethen, in what terms I preached to you the gospel, which you received, in which you stand, by which you are saved, if you hold it fast -- unless you believed in vain.

For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures, that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures, and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. Then He appeared to more than five hundred brethen at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as to one untimely born, He appeared also to me.


Gospel readings: John 14:6-14

Jesus said to Thomas, "I am the way, and truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but by Me. If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also; henceforth you know Him and have seen Him."

Philip said to Him, "Lord, show us the Father, and we shall be satisfied." Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you so long, and yet you do not know Me, Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; how can you say, 'Show us the Father'? Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father in Me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on My own authority; but the Father who dwells in Me does His works. Believe Me that I am in the Father and the Father in Me; or else believe Me for the sake of the works themselves.

"Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes in Me will also do the works that I do; and greater works that these will he do, because I go to the Father. Whatever, you ask in My name, I will do it, that the Father may be glorified in the Son; if you ask anything in My name, I will do it.


17 posted on 05/03/2010 9:21:13 AM PDT by Salvation ( "With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
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