 Jerusalem in history  All along human history, Jerusalem has always been an Arab Palestinian city. There is no clearer evidence than the events and incidents of history that prove this Arab right with documents and scientific facts. Thus, all relevant UN resolutions, especially Resolutions no. 181/1947 and no. 194/1949, which called for preserving Jerusalem and its international status under the UN Mandate Council have recently came to memory. The UN Mandate Council succeeded in setting up then Statute of the international government of the Jerusalem. Yet, Israel has always turned blind eye to the international community. It usurped West Jerusalem in 1948. Then it occupied East Jerusalem in 1967. Moreover, it declared in 1980 Jerusalem as its eternal unified capital. In its famous Resolution 242/1967, the UN Security Council (UNSC) announced the illegitimacy of Israeli usurping of lands by means of war. The UNSC also confirmed in its Resolution 252 issued on May 12, 1968 that seizing lands by means of military invasion is an unacceptable matter. It called upon Israel to cancel all measures it took to change the status of the City. Moreover, the UNSC reaffirmed in its Resolutions 267/1969, 298/1971, 478/1980, 592/1986, 672, 673, 681/1990 and 904/1994 that the measures taken by Israel to change the legal status of Jerusalem are illegitimate. It called upon Israel to refrain from taking any such measures. However, Israel is still challenging the will of the international community by proceeding in Judaizing Jerusalem and creating a new status quo in the Holy City. Historical facts prove that Jerusalem has witnessed Arab urban and human stability since the year 3000 BC. In 2500 BC, Arab Jebusites, descendants of the Jebusite Ben Canaan, made the City their capital and called it Orsalem, from which the Europeans derived Jerusalem, which means the City of Light. In 1479 BC, the City came under the Pharaohs, in the era of Thutmose III. Pharaos used to govern Palestine through one of its citizens. In 1006 BC, the City came under the rule of kings David and Solomon consecutively. During the rule of King Solomon, a wall around the City, in addition to the Temple, were built. After the death of King Solomon, the City was divided into two kingdoms, Judea in Jerusalem and Israel in Samarrah. The Chaldean King Nebuchadnezzar expelled the Jews from the two kingdoms. In 580 BC, he destroyed the City, burned the Temple and expatriated the Jews to Babylon in Iraq. Since then, namely 600 years BC, the political history of the Jews had ended in Palestine. In 539 BC, the Persians invaded Palestine and annexed it to their kingdom. Subsequently, Judea tribe came back from Babylon to Jerusalem. In 232 BC., Alexander the Great invaded Palestine and annexed it to the Greek Empire. Afterwards, Mark Antonio reinvaded it in 189 BC. Then came the Nabataean Arabs to invade it in 90 BC as was annexed to their capital till the Roman invasion in the 1st. Century AD. Under the Roman reign, the Jews informed the Roman ruler about Jesus Christ in 27 AD and accused him of atheism. Consequently, the Roman ruler crushed them all and destroyed the City and established a new one where the Jews were inhibited to enter. Then came the Arabs who opened Palestine In 636 AD. during the rule of Caliph Omar Ibn El Khattab. They entered Jerusalem and preserved all its holy places intact. Since then and for 1361 years, Jerusalem remained a pure Arab city in population and language. It was under a continuous Islamic rule whether Arab, Mamelukes or Ottoman, except from 1096 to 1291 when it was occupied by the Crusaders. In 1930, a sub-committee of the League of Nations issued a historic resolution stipulating the international recognition of the Arab right in Jerusalem. That resolution stressed that: 1- The Muslims are the sole owners of the West Wall of Al Aqsa Mosque. That was an important international document proving that Jerusalem belongs solely to the Arabs. It refutes the Israeli allegations that unified Jerusalem is the eternal capital of Israel. In violation of all international conventions and agreements, Israel has carried out many excavations under Al Aqsa Mosque in an attempt to find historical scripts to prove its alleged right in Jerusalem. On the contrary, those excavations have proven the following: 1- Excavations under the western wall (the base of the so-called Wailing Wall) proved nothing related to the Israelis. All What they found were only two sentences on some rocks about Isaiah engraved in type of writing that makes attributing them to Kings David or Solomon impossible. 2- Excavations proved that the Jewish temple had been totally ruined thousands of years ago. This was clearly cited in the relevant Jewish references. Dr. Cathleen Cabinpus, Director of Excavations in the Jerusalem-based School for Monuments, affirmed that there was no trace of the Temple of Solomon. 3- Al Aqsa Mosque was built on a site far from that of the Temple of Solomon. Al Aqsa is directed towards Al Ka'aba, in Mecca, while the Temple was a rectangular building directed from west to east. 4- There is no historical evidence that Al Bouraq Wall, the so-called Wailing Wall, was part of the Temple of Solomon. Besides, the real name of this wall is Al Bouraq Wall as mentioned by Prophet Mohammed, PBUH in his Hadith (speech) about his journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and his Ascension to seventh heavens. According to this solid ground, the League of Nations admitted the Muslim ownership of the Wall. On its part, Israel has, since its occupation of Jerusalem, taken monolateral measures to Judaize the City, a matter that is considered a flagrant violation of all relevant international norms. These measures included the following: 1- Dissolving the City’s municipality, That Law was rejected by all international bodies concerned, especially the UNSC, which issued its Resolution no. 178/1980 rejecting that Israeli Law. In another aggression, the Israeli government decided in 17, June 1998 to expand Jerusalem to include lands from the occupied Arab lands to the east and south of Jerusalem. In response, the UNSC described that Decision as dangerous and harmful. The UNSC issued a statement in July 13, 1998, in which it called upon the Israeli government to cancel that decision. The UNSC stressed the importance of avoiding such acts taken before the final status negotiations come to results. However, Israel has always trodden down all resolutions of the international legitimacy. It is usurping Arab lands, demolishing Arab houses, and nullifying Arab identity in the City and expanding Jewish settlements with a view to judaizing Jerusalem.
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