Posted on 06/02/2023 11:07:03 AM PDT by jimwatx
Crucial science topics will no longer be taught to a large swath of Indian students, according to new government guidance.
Most young learners in India will no longer be exposed to key science topics in school textbooks — unless they voluntarily major in science in higher classes.
On June 1, India cut a slew of foundational topics from tenth grade textbooks, including the periodic table of elements, Darwin's theory of evolution, the Pythagorean theorem, sources of energy, sustainable management of natural resources and contribution of agriculture to the national economy, among others.
A small section explaining Michael Faraday’s contributions to scientific understanding of electricity and magnetism has also been removed.
Even as thousands of scientists across the country protested the decision to slash evolution last month, it did not deter India’s National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) — the public body that designs curriculum and textbooks — from expanding its list of omitted topics.
These changes effectively block a major swath of Indian students from exposure to evolution through textbooks, because tenth grade is the last year mandatory science classes are offered in Indian schools.
That means the only students who will learn evolution under these new cuts are those who have opted to "major" in biology in their final two years. Students who opt for a different topic, like commerce, computer science or humanities, won't have the opportunity.
In a statement, the council rationalized the reduction by stating they wanted to reduce the content load on students in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. Defending its decision to chop off evolution and the periodic table, the council said "that children may not have to study same concepts at different stages and it needs to be done at appropriate stage. (sic)"
Outside of science, topics such as democracy and governance have also been severely diluted. Scientists fear this overall move to expunge some of these foundational topics will facilitate a climate ripe for superstition and unreason to fester.
Growing influence of pseudoscience in India
In 2018, Indian minister for higher education Satyapal Singh baffled the scientific community by demanding that the theory of evolution be removed from school curriculum becaue "no one ever saw an ape turning into a human being." Other political leaders from the ruling Bhartiya Janata Party came to his defense on social media.
Shortly after, three major scientific bodies — Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the Indian Academy of Science (IASc) and the National Academy of Sciences-India (NASI) — issued a joint statement: "It would be a retrograde step to remove the teaching of the theory of evolution from school and college curricula or to dilute this by offering non-scientific explanations or myths," they said, adding that evolutionary theory, to which Darwin made seminal contributions, is well-established.
While fields like astrology have always slipped in and out of fashion in India, research institutions are seeing increased funding toward the exploration of pseudoscientific topics. One that caught the public attention was the call for research proposals on the medical benefits of cow urine. On multiple occasions, Hindu groups have spread false information about the benefits of cow urine, including claims that it cures Covid-19. Scientists took to the streets in India to counter the claims.
Fields such as Ayurveda and homeopathy have been receiving concessions in recent years, while the Indian Council of Agricultural Research has embarked on projects to promote 'spiritual farming' using the tag "Agriculture with a soul is essential for sustenance."
In 2015, a paper was presented at the Indian Science Congress claiming that an ancient Indian rishi had given detailed guidelines for making aircraft 7,000 years ago. At the same event, the then science and technology minister Harsh Vardhan said that ancient Indian mathematicians had discovered the Pythagorean theorom, although the Greeks got the credit.
And during the same year, in 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made headlines after citing Hindu scriptures as proof that plastic surgery had existed in ancient India.
Sharp criticism from the scientific community
Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins responded to the issue on Twitter, calling the cuts a "tragic affront to India’s secular beginnings", blaming them on leaders' religious beliefs.
Almost 2,000 stakeholders have signed an appeal by the Breakthrough Science Society, a campaign group based in Kolkata, India, demanding the reinstatement of evolution in secondary school textbooks.
"In the current educational structure, only a small fraction of students chooses the science stream in grade 11 or 12, and an even smaller fraction of those choose biology as one of the subjects of study. Thus, the exclusion of key concepts from the curriculum till grade 10 amounts to a vast majority of students missing a critical part of essential learning in this field," the appeal read.
They further reiterated that the scientific community worries that students will remain seriously handicapped in their thought processes if deprived of exposure to this fundamental scientific discovery.
"Knowledge and understanding of evolutionary biology is important not just to any subfield of biology but is also key to understanding the world around us," they wrote.
T. V. Venkateshwaran, a senior scientist for Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous body of the Indian government that works in science popularization, expressed similar thoughts to DW in an interview.
He said the general science education that all Indian students commonly get until class 10 is instrumental in helping them develop perspectives about the world.
"For example, the periodic table not only tells you that everything is made of atoms, but why certain elements behave a certain way; how their atomic structure contributes to it," the scientist told DW. "It tells you that you and all other humans are made of the same kind of material that behaves the same way, and no one is more special. When you see a chemical reaction in nature, you don't think it magical, you know it is physical. Some elements are inert, others are reactive — both because of their electronic structure."
In August 2017, scientists across India held a 'March for Science' to protest the rampant spread of superstitious beliefs and the center’s implicit endorsement of many of them. The government did not respond.
Conflict between religion and evolution
Many conservative religious groups and states around the world have struggled, or refused, to accept scientific evidence for evolution.
A fundamental concept in evolution is that all life forms, including humans, have a common ancestor. Although it's strongly backed up by scientific observation, the theory directly contradicts many religions that say humans were deliberately created by a supernatural being.
Many American states including Texas, Tennessee, Kansas and Pennsylvania have had their tiff with evolution. Serbia, Poland and the Netherlands have also had issues with teaching evolution in schools. In 2017, Turkey dropped it. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Algeria and Morocco have banned the teaching of evolution completely. In Egypt and Tunisia, evolution is presented as an unproven hypothesis.
I'm not a chemist, but I like chemistry. I'm not a geologist, but knowing something about the rocks I love to see helps the experience. I'm not a cartographer, but maps have kept me from dying.
It actually seems that people do not welcome knowledge just for the knowing. This is a sad turn of affairs.
Hardly - the ones we get now only know what they were taught at IIT and will argue anything contrary. So this isn’t much of a dumbing-down.
I couldn’t agree more. When I make microprocessor based lab instruments for a chemist, biologist, or geologist, a little knowledge works out a lot better than a blank stare.
Don’t look now, but your leaders plan to take the United States to third world status. We’ll be there pretty soon.
“omg that reminds me of the fabulous furry freak brothers!!”
I just happen to have several of their comics downstairs from Berkeley, 69’.
” If you focus on computer science, you don’t need the biology. “
Teach them communication skills instead.
Heaven forbid people get a solid all-around education. Especially considering that you’re not going to be able to have a 40-year career in the same field, you’re going to have to move around.
“Pythagorean theorem”
Perhaps it has something to do with India’s average IQ which is 76.
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country
I went to an inner city high school that was 93% black but only had one black student in my Regents math classes after like 9th or 10th grade. It seems to require a minimal IQ in order to understand certain concepts beyond multiplication and division. Once you start getting into trig and advanced algebra the herd starts to thin out. Not everyone is good at abstract thinking so India figures why waste their time on it for those unlikely to ever use it. This policy might be coming to America before too long once all of these illegal immigrants start filling up our schools.
Me: 42 years as a programmer. I never did anything else.
A problem with skipping other subjects is that problem solving makes you are good programmer. If they concentrate solely on computer science, they may end up with horrible communication skills. I work with people who write emails like they are a 10 year-old in Special Ed. They are also incapable of office chit-chat.
The days of the heads-down coder are coming to an end. Coding is just going to become a part of a bigger job, kind of like how a lot folks are expected to know how to use Excel.
Speaking of coding, what if AI learns to code?
I am not all gloom and doom there. It can be a tool, but you will still need people to verify that the code will work and is the most efficient.
You are correct. I was being somewhat facetious….or not.
I remember all the hue and cry about CASE tools back in the 90s.
“Speaking of coding, what if AI learns to code?”
The old catch phrase “learn to code” will become obsolete in favor of the new catch phrases “learn auto mechanics or HVAC”. Whatever jobs can’t be done by computers will become the next hot jobs.
We have 600 programs that have to be converted to Java. That’s heads down programming that’s probably going to require some contractors.
Our ERP ran their COBOL programs through a converter that produced non-OO Java. The problem is that you need a COBOL programmer to mod the code. Our Java guys were baffled by it. I don’t really do Java (my Java code looks like a bash script) but I had to tell them how to do the mod in Java.
I get contacted by COBOL shops on occasion. They can hire an Indian programmer for less money but I think they get weary of the communication issues.
“I can see why evolution would be controversial but the periodic table? “
It has something to do with transuranium elements having periods.
People have been predicting that for as long as I’ve been in the industry (1995... geeze right around now actually). Various “natural language” and semi-AI tools are always “about to change the industry”. And they don’t. Because there’s so much more in coding than “the basics” which is all anybody doing another job can do. So much of coding is error handling. Writing code for when everything goes right, your files are there and not locked, the user has permissions, the user does what they’re supposed to when they’re supposed to, is easy. The other 80% is when things go wrong. Smoothly handling all that needs people.
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