You haven't got a clue about what you are talking about. You are spouting socialist claptrap intended to bring down the capitalist system and you don't even know it. The "EU Commission" you are talking about that is being quoted is the commission on Competition. . . The TREATY that created the EU and which was signed by all the member nations including Ireland prohibits the EU from regulating or involving itself in all member nations' tax laws or regulations!
This Commission on Competition is attempting a backdoor REGULATION of Ireland's corporate tax rates by ruling that their using low tax rates to attract business to establish their headquarters in Ireland is an violation of the EU'S competition fairness doctrine and despite Apple having PAID INCOME TAXES per international standard tax law and internationally Treaty recognized Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) rules, the Competition Commission ordered Ireland to collect TEN YEARS OF BACK INCOME TAXES AT A RATE ARBITRARILY SET BY THE COMMISSION!
The commission's charter does not give them the authority to make such an order, nor under the EU are retroactive taxation orders permitted for more than three year and that only by a court of law, the Commission just arrogated it to themselves in violation of the EU Treaty, the equivalent of our Constitution for the EU, but they have clout in other areas to shut down trade if their orders are not followed. Ireland does not want the ~$18 billion in back taxes, nor does Apple or auditors or other tax lawyers agree they owe it, but Apple and Ireland have come to a reluctant arrangement to have Ireland hold the money while both appeal the commission's illegal order through the EU'S court systems.
That money will be transferred soon. . . and the courts will most likely quash the order as it will upend over two hundred years of commercial and international law and totally disrupt the way things profits are taxed in the world because an idiot socialist commission chairwoman with an agenda doesn't, like you, have a clue about international trade and tax law!
Looking at your sources and your seeming philosophy, are you sure you're on the right site? Perhaps you'd be happier posting on a socialist site. You seem to like their positions and data. . . Especially their attempts at destroying capitalism.
Incidentally, your last link's article mentions Apple only in the headline but Apple is never mentioned in the body of the article. Why? One reason is that Apple was never mentioned in the Panama Papers, nor does Apple have a presence in Luxembourg for low income tax purposes. Apple, by law, pays its income taxes in its home country where it is headquartered, the United States of America. Apple is in the headline for one reason only: click bait. Apple in a headline draws readers; that's the only reason Apple was headlined in an article that does not even mention Apple. We see it time after time. Click bait.
And you’re supporting a company that holds fundraisers for Hillary Clinton and lobbies to flood the U.S. with illegal immigrants. Very capitalist.