[Hoodat]

First Amendment limits only Congress

Correct! And the Equal Protection of Amendment XIV ensures that this unique protection against Congress is to be applied equally to all citizens. That was the intent in 1787. It was the intent after the War of Secession. And it should ring true today.

[hinckley buzzard]

It s quite clear that in 1787 there was no intention for the Religion clause of the First Amendment to be applied by the federal government to the states. We know this because there were states at the time, represented in Convention, which had officially established religions. There was no contesting of this at the Constitutional Convention.

One would seem confident in assuming that the other clauses were likewise closely drawn and intended for the limiting of the Federal government only. That was, after all, why the Bill of Rights was insisted upon in the first place. There was no intention at that time to be limiting the rights of the States, as the Ninth and Tenth Amendment illustrate.

It is safe to say that the Founding Fathers never even conceived such a usurpation of power to the central government as was extracted from the postwar Union in the creating the Fourteenth.

[To-Whose-Benefit?]

Sec 1 Amendment 14.

Thank You for beating me to having to say it.

Pretending that Supreme Incorporation of the Bill of Rights is needed to bind the States to them is reversing the outcome of the Civil War.