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Archaeologists Uncover Ancient Maritime Spice Route Between India, Egypt
Popular Science ^
| 2-8-2004
Posted on 02/08/2004 12:57:17 PM PST by blam
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To: Little Ray
There seem to be two different traditions about Prester John, one putting him in Africa and one in Asia. Both seem to be rooted in the existence of Christian communities, Copts in Africa and Nestorians in Asia.
To: Cronos
In saying there was no reference to Asia or its trade in Columbus' contract with the Monarchs, which is the best evidence of what he intended to find, and why...
I by no means meant anything so trivial as that the WORD "Asia" did not appear in it, which of course did often mean Anatolia in those days. I meant, of course, that there was no reference under any name to any part of what we call Asia, nor any evidence that any such hope was any significant part of the reason for his trip.
Indeed, since this contract was intended to make Columbus and all of his descendants rich, and titled nobility, forever... had any such possibility as the trade with rich Asia [modern sense] been seriously entertained, it surely would have been mentioned. Nearly all serious Europeans, including Columbus, understood where China was and how far west of Seville it did in fact lie.
Again, it alluded only to "certain islands and mainlands in the Ocean Sea," i.e. the western Atlantic.
It was only upon finding the inhabitants to be Asian, and the lands to resemble the Spice Islands, that the small-world hypothesis for a time, came to be entertained by him and any serious others.
22
posted on
02/09/2004 7:02:49 AM PST
by
Chris Talk
(What Earth now is, Mars once was. What Mars now is, Earth will become.)
To: Little Ray
Don't forget, he was also looking for the Kingdom of Prester John and a route to attack the Ottoman Empire from behind Wasn't "Prester John" just a bastardization of "Genghis Kahn?" IIRC, the Crusaders heard stories of a great warrier who was smiting the Muslims in the 13th century and put together a bunch of rumors and wild stories and concluded that there was a Christian king coming to their rescue.
23
posted on
02/09/2004 10:43:44 AM PST
by
Modernman
("When you want to fool the world, tell the truth." -Otto von Bismarck)
To: Modernman
To: Modernman
I thought Prester John was to do with the Ethiopian Emperors -- the ancestors of Haile Selassie.
25
posted on
02/09/2004 2:43:00 PM PST
by
Cronos
(W2004!)
To: Modernman
Historical foundation of the origin of the legend.
Otto von Freising does not mention the exact year of the battle between the Eastern conqueror and the Persian sultan; he only remarks that in 1145 it had taken place "ante non multos annos". On the other hand, there is found in the Annals of Admont (1181), part of which, as far as 1141, are a continuation of Otto's chronicle, the following note: "Johannes presbyter rex Armeniae et Indiae cum duobus regibus fratribus Persarum et Medorum pugnavit et vicit". Minute research has shown that in that year the Persian Sultan Sanjar was completely vanquished by a conqueror from the east, not very far from the ancient Ecbatana. The Arabic historian Ibn-el-Athir (1160-1233) says that, in the year of the Hegira of 536 (1141), Sanjar, the most powerful of the Seljuk princes, had mortally offended his vassal the Shah of Kharezm. The latter called to his assistance Ku Khan, or Korkhan of China (Chinese, Yeliutasche), who had come in 1122 from Northern China at the head of a mighty army. Korkhan killed Sanjar and l00,000 of his men. The Arabic versions are substantially corroborated by other Asiatic historians of that epoch: by the Syrian writer Abulfaradsch (on account of his Jewish descent called Bar Hebraeus, 1226-86), by the Arabic Abulfeda (1273-1331), the Persian Mirkhond (1432-89) etc. It is not certain whether the Spanish Jew, Benjamin of Tudela, who travelled in Central Asia in 1171, refers to this event. If so, the hypothesis based on the researches of d'Avezac, Oppert, Zarncke, and Yule becomes a certainty, i.e. the land of this uncertain and shifting legend is the kingdom of Karakhitai (1141-1218), founded in Central Asia by the priest-king of the tale. The disputed points are the name, the religion, and the priestly character of the mysterious personage.
Independently of the much earlier work of d Avezac, Oppert thinks that Ku-Khan, Korkhan or Corchan (Coirchan), as the East-Asian conqueror is called in the chronicles, could easily have become Jorchan, Jochanan, or in Western parlance, John; this name was then very popular, and was often given to Christian and Mohammedan princes (Zarncke). History knows nothing about the Christianity of Yeliutasche. Yet it is clear that the league of the West against the Mohammedans stirred up the oppressed Christians on the borders of Tatar Asia to look for a deliverer. The sacerdotal character of the legendary king still offers an unsolved riddle.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12400b.htm
26
posted on
02/10/2004 7:07:59 AM PST
by
Little Ray
(Why settle for a Lesser Evil? Vote Cthuhlu for President!)
To: blam
Not a ping, just a GGG update. Please FREEPMAIL me if you want on, off, or alter the "Gods, Graves, Glyphs" PING list --
Archaeology/Anthropology/Ancient Cultures/Artifacts/Antiquities, etc.
The GGG Digest -- Gods, Graves, Glyphs (alpha order)
27
posted on
01/01/2005 1:12:05 AM PST
by
SunkenCiv
(the US population in the year 2100 will exceed a billion, perhaps even three billion.)
To: SunkenCiv
You found it. Thanks...Happy New Year.
28
posted on
01/01/2005 11:54:47 AM PST
by
blam
29
posted on
03/19/2006 10:08:39 PM PST
by
SunkenCiv
(Yes indeed, Civ updated his profile and links pages again, on Monday, March 6, 2006.)
Astronomy & Geophysics
Volume 45 Issue 1 Page 1.23 - February 2004
doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x
Volume 45 Issue 1
Comet impact A comet impact in AD 536?
Emma Rigby1, Melissa Symonds2 and Derek Ward-Thompson2
Emma Rigby, Melissa Symonds and Derek Ward-Thompson review the evidence for the possibility that a comet may have impacted the Earth in historical times, and discuss the size of the putative comet.
Abstract
A global climatic downturn has previously been observed in tree-ring data associated with the years AD 536545. We review the evidence for the explanation of this event which involves a comet fragment impacting the Earth and exploding in the upper atmosphere. The explosion would create a plume, such as was seen during the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. The resulting debris deposited by the plume on to the top of the atmosphere would increase the opacity and lower the temperature. We calculate the size of the comet required, and find that a relatively small fragment of only about half a kilometre in diameter could be consistent with the data. We conclude that plume formation is a by-product of small comet impacts that must be added to the list of significant global hazards posed by near-Earth objects.
Article published online 28 Jan 2004
Affiliations
1Cardiff University, UK (now at Edinburgh University, UK)2Cardiff University
The authors thank Mike Baillie, Mark Bailey, Martin Johnson, Ted Johnson-South and David Williams for interesting and helpful discussions.
To cite this article
Rigby, Emma, Symonds, Melissa & Ward-Thompson, Derek (2004)
A comet impact in AD 536?.
Astronomy & Geophysics 45 (1), 1.23-1.26.
doi: 10.1046/
j.1468-4004.2003.45123.x
Blackwell Synergy® is a Blackwell Publishing, Inc. registered trademark
· Catastrophism ping list · join · view topics · view or post blog · bookmark ·
30
posted on
01/11/2007 9:19:57 AM PST
by
SunkenCiv
("I've learned to live with not knowing." -- Richard Feynman https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
31
posted on
07/10/2009 10:02:21 AM PDT
by
SunkenCiv
(https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/__Since Jan 3, 2004__Profile updated Monday, January 12, 2009)
32
posted on
07/10/2009 10:03:01 AM PDT
by
SunkenCiv
(https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/__Since Jan 3, 2004__Profile updated Monday, January 12, 2009)
33
posted on
03/26/2011 5:48:39 AM PDT
by
SunkenCiv
(Thanks Cincinna for this link -- http://www.friendsofitamar.org)
To: blam
——We talk today about globalism as if it were the latest thing——
We trade today using rules and laws dating back into the unknown. The marine insurance and letters of credit are truly ancient relics that still protect and promote the interests of traders who never see each other but get along well with the intervention of middlemen and contracts that both parties accept.
The process certainly precede the Romans, and goes back to at least the sailors and traders of Crete who owned the Med
The introduction of e mail and instant transmission of every kind of document and video presentation into the trade communications has allowed elimination of the middleman. Direct access to a trading pardner allows the development of trust or mistrust one on one. Global trade can only grow. To ignore and impede is detrimental to one’s well being
34
posted on
03/26/2011 6:05:53 AM PDT
by
bert
(K.E. N.P. N.C. D.E. +12 ....( History is a process, not an event ))
35
posted on
06/20/2015 11:54:14 AM PDT
by
SunkenCiv
(What do we want? REGIME CHANGE! When do we want it? NOW)
To: Red Badger
This topic was posted , thanks again blam.
36
posted on
04/16/2024 10:38:02 AM PDT
by
SunkenCiv
(Putin should skip ahead to where he kills himself in the bunker.)
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