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·Part I Boudica
0:01·have a look at this rather unassuming we albeit pretty Valley here in Wilshire
0:06·nothing spectacular to the untrained eye but what have I told you that right here was the
0:11·exact location of the battle of Boudica and yet we're over 80 miles away from her last
0:17·known location St Albans how exactly did we come to that conclusion [Music]
0:31·[Music] the Striking imagery we're often presented with when we talk about the
0:38·person that was at Boudica is one of Courage bravery Rising against oppression, empowerment
0:44·perhaps Against All Odds it's because Boudica was a female and seemingly uniting a nation of tribes
0:51·in a rise against the Roman Empire Boudica story is one that's long fascinated me in particular
1:00·the location and how we could find that potentially Buddha came so close to removing the
1:07·Romans from Britain and perhaps that would have just delayed the inevitable who knows ultimately
1:14·she failed in that Quest but my goodness me she didn't go down without one hell of a fight welcome
1:21·to the short story of how we found Boudica last stand on age Britain was a land of tribes 800 BC
1:33·to ad43 the land was covered from the far reaches of Scotland to the South with all manner of Celtic
1:41·divisions the iceni were one such tribe located in what we would now see as the north of East
1:48·Anglia now we know a lot about those tribes not least from Roman historical accounts but
1:56·also artifacts found here within those areas in particular coins some of which even had a king
2:02·on and you can sort of plot the location of their find and give you a broad area of that tribe and
2:09·its base when Juliias Caesar first invaded the shores of Britain in 55 BC he makes no mention
2:18·of this tribe instead some further to the South nevertheless though for the next Century the
2:24·threat of another Roman invasion was one that stuck with the minds of many even here in the
2:31·iceni world now there were seemingly ways around this ever impending threat of the Roman Empire you
2:40·would potentially be doing trade with them already but you could also consider a client Kingdom one
2:45·in which you would keep your status as king of the tribe and your area but you would align yourself
2:51·with the Roman Empire now one such tribe that did this with the iceni and their King prasutagus
3:04·the client Kingdom clearly worked for the aini tribe but there would be a problem upon the death
3:10·of the iceni king prasutagus it was noted by Roman historian tacitus that the Romans
3:16·plundered the kingdom ignoring the will and the wishes of the king taking the land of the Nobles
3:23·the king's wife Boudica was flogged and her two daughters brutally assaulted without doubt the
3:30·Romans had underestimated what they did here I think perhaps they thought that Boudica would
3:35·just lay silence lay in shame at what had happened to her but what they did do however was perhaps
3:42·start the wills in motion for an uprising that would almost end Roman Britain at such an early
3:48·stage ad. 58 just 2 years before the death of the Iceni king and we have suetonius installed
·Part II Suetonius
4:00·as a governor of Britain commander of the 2nd the 9th the 14th and the 20th Legions we are
4:08·only 20 years or so into Roman rule and we still have not subdued the island we still have areas
4:15·of client Kings we still have Scotland and we still have pockets of resistance ad. 60 to 61
4:24·and suetonius is doing just that he's on his way to Anglesey to Conquest a druid stronghold
4:29·hold news arrives on route that there is an uprising a rebellion led by the
4:34·iceni a tribe that he will be well aware of perhaps confused at this notion that
4:41·the now suppressed iceni could uprise until he learns of course who exactly is leading this
4:48·Uprising Boudica and the iceni along with neighboring tribe the trinovantes marched
4:54·into Colchester and they absolutely leveled the place now understand the significance of
4:59·this archaeology has shown that they left nothing standing and this was a principal town of Roman
5:06·Britain the ninth Legion now marched to suppress this Uprising and protect London they were met
5:15·on rout and largely defeated retreating back to their fort suetonius with the 14th and 20th
5:23·Legion now began to head back towards London perhaps now heading through unknown territory
5:29·hostile maybe facing over a 100,000 of the tribes Revolt perhaps now Gathering
5:35·momentum suetonius had around 10,000 men he needed to stop and think and use his military
5:45·brain what was going to work best and he decided upon reaching London that London was not the
5:50·place for a battle he gathered the troops and headed in a completely different direction he
5:56·knew that the Rebellion would follow and they had maybe 10 times the number suetonius would
6:03·find the spot that suited him meanwhile London was leveled and the Rebellion now headed for St
6:09·Alban's so here is where things get really interesting now we have little to go on from
6:17·that era in terms of writings other than those that were victorious and on that notion we have
6:23·the writings of two Roman historians from maybe 100 200 years after the battle is is it possible
6:30·to find the battle location from those writings here is the best guess at two of those [Music]
·Part III Windyridge Farm
6:40·locations tacitus gives us three significant Clues suetonius took
6:49·on a narrow passage the passage had wood behind him he established that there would
6:56·be no enemy except at his front where there was an open plane with no fear of
7:02·Ambush now our first location is pretty close to here in St Albans and that location I'm about to
7:11·show you is largely based on the research by Duncan Mackay and his book echolands now
7:18·Duncan Mackay discusses Boudica taking the town of St Albans Veralanium in fact this is
7:24·shown on some of the signs around the town now the ruins here are definitely worth a
7:29·visit it and this all happened of course before the final battle on Watling Street
7:34·[Music] street we would all like to see her Footprints here now everything
7:43·fits the line of travel the fact that this would be the last Roman major settlement in
7:48·the area perhaps the last that she was aware of to take the town and the 14th
7:54·and the 20th Legions of suetonius would surely mean victory [Music]
8:03·I'm here what I think is the center of Verulamium inside the walls of this Roman town there's an old
8:09·Mosaic just to the left of me but you can't get in to see it and the signs have all gone
8:15·from here now when suetonius arrived here with his 10,000 troops we probably been told of the
8:21·news that now London had also been leveled as well as Colchester once again he decided that
8:28·this was not the place that he wanted to do battle with Boudica he headed along Watling
8:34·Street Verulamium amphitheater Roman Amphitheater quite different from many others I've seen in the
8:49·fact that it's more like a theater it's got a stage and had some pillars there it seems
8:54·quite small for a Roman Amphitheater now alongside this beautiful spot lies Watling Street the Roman
9:00·Road that headed Northwest now many traditional theories believe that somewhere on that route
9:06·suetonius and Boudica battled once again this would mean abandoning another Roman town to
9:12·justify this suetonius really needed a plan up his sleeve in the words of Duncan Mackey this
9:17·spot among Watling Street represents our last historical glimpse of Boudica at the
9:22·known location it look like a grainy black and white CCTV footage of the queen on a mountain
9:29·Chariot now Duncan Mackey in his work takes in consideration a number of sites along watling
9:37·Street heading in that direction away from Verulamium but his biggest issue
9:43·with all of those is the distance from Verulamium dunstable is one of the last of these guesses and
9:50·the intersection with watling Street and the NN way some suggest named after Boudica feels like
9:56·compelling evidence in itself suetonius needs a defensible landscape the undefendable towns of
10:03·London and St Albans didn't give him that perhaps Boudica had seen this as him Running Scared Now
10:11·McKay argues that letting Boudica reach the Icknield Watling Street would have potential for
10:18·the tribes to disband maybe head back home split up and that's the worst thing that suetonius would
10:24·want because it would mean an unsettled Britain it would mean that the tribes were still active
10:29·and they will be unruled so McKay decided that he needed to draw a
10:34·10m radius around St Albans and look for a location that would fit the battle for
10:41·suetonius now if you take that 10 m radius from St Albans you add that to tacitus is description
10:53·of the battlefield and you take in consideration a 1987 paper entitled the lead slingshot found at
11:01·Windridge Farm well then you end up right here 60 oval lead slingshots and another 50 found
11:09·years before were located here this gives us physical evidence of a battle as these
11:15·are very typical of first century Roman weapons on talking of the rebels tacitus describes them
11:22·as they were confident excluding a vaster host than ever assembled on so fierce in spirit that
11:30·they actually brought with them their wives riding in wagons which they placed on the border of the
11:36·[Music] plane and then we have another location here in Wiltshire and we have
·Part IV Ogbourne St George.
11:47·the workings of Steve Kaye now if like me your eyebrows raised when
11:51·you heard the word workings you're going to love this one the number two [Music]
12:01·so we're now high up on the Ridgeway in Wilshire above the village of ogborne St George we've got
12:08·routeways Crossing all over here Earthworks you name it it's a fascinating landscape now Steve
12:13·Kay took the words of tacitus to describe the battle location he also added to that the need
12:20·for water in the form of a river and he put them all into a database and tried to work out every
12:27·possible location that would fit in the lower half of England if you think that's mad you'd be right
12:34·now I am going to briefly explain this study in a way I personally understand and that will
12:39·likely not do the study Justice you can however read this yourself I'll add the links below so
12:45·Steve Kaye took the tacitus description he took the need for water from both parties and he took
12:52·the proximity of the major Roman towns the Roman roads and the routes available to them [Music]
13:02·so Steve Kaye in his initial study came up with 263 locations that could fit based on
13:10·the description by tacitus now in 2013 he whittled this down even more to just 110 Happy Days however
13:20·2015 came along he scrapped all that started again with a new method to the madness I say Madness in
13:28·an entirely respectful way Steve K really is a man after my own heart now he added something called
13:35·template matching and he gave every feature in Britain a color whether it was a plane a ridge
13:42·a slope of more than 5° and it was all rotational now with that Steve Kaye extracted nine templates
13:52·based on Tacitus his description nine squares that could then be placed back on the map
13:59·and came up with 2,700 potential sites East of the river 7 yes 2,700 now the work begins now
14:11·based on Tacitus his writings once again well Steve K suggested that suetonius liked to delay
14:18·a battle he liked to be considered and structure what he was going to do so this gives us at least
14:24·two or 3 days marching now this helped Steve Kaye ruled out a lot of sites and he went on to Rule
14:31·out some ones that were too small or too large and he was left then with a much smaller set of
14:37·2,187 potential sites now there's a reason why I'm walking along this River in ogborne St George in
14:48·Wilshire we'll come to the location soon but Steve K considered water was essential not too much but
14:54·not too little he calculated that the Roman army the 10,000 men would need a flow of 0.89 m/s now
15:04·that was much slower than he what he predicted of the iceni tribe that were following him so
15:11·he needed just the right balance brilliant with that in mind we're now down to just 862 potential
15:20·Sites now Steve Kaye couldn't Whittle this list down much anymore with the current scheme so
15:27·decided to start ranking them the criteria were height terrain stability of Roman front line
15:34·length distance to London wetness distance from Main Roman roads induced stress on the rebels
15:41·distance from Rivers effect of river flow through front lines the effect of blocking or trapping by
15:48·large rivers so consider the importance of the rivers once again the absolute perfect
15:53·flow enough for their army and the possibility that they could also block and man it water
15:59·course now if that is true well that really tells us how clever these Roman military generals were
16:09·that's not my area of specialty at all but it also tells us how important the Roman Road
16:15·network was that's more my area it tells you that that Roman Road Network could literally
16:21·sustain an army the knowledge of the roads and knowledge of the routs and the camps along them
16:26·that would have all been in the General's mind mines and it would literally sustain that army of
16:31·10,000 troops Steve K had three or four really good predicted sites based on a 100 different
16:40·considerations the bulbourne valley dorking ranked up there but here we are at Steve's Top
16:46·gestate This is ogborne St George in Wilshire and it lies not far north of the portway Roman
16:53·Road and is also found on Route north towards the main Roman military area the safe towns of
16:59·cirencester and above all the perfect topography and by that here the perfect size Valley for a
17:07·legionary front line Rising topographic margins for auxiliary and Cavalry the perfect water flow
17:14·the perfect distance from London and the safety of civilization for Recovery just a day March
17:19·away I love both the contrast and views of Duncan m K and Steve kaye I love the locations
17:31·that they've chosen as their their final answers if you will the location to Albin really fits well
17:37·perhaps not the geography for me the geography here is just brilliant here at Ogbourne St George
17:42·it fits perfectly I love those theories perhaps archaeology will one day tell us a final answer
17:48·perhaps not in my lifetime but maybe one day now if you love the Romans you know I'll make
17:53·a few videos on that sort of History where you can look at how they brutally took over or didn't made
17:59·Castle down in Dorchester in the meantime we'll see you this time next week
18:10·[Music]

1 posted on 04/15/2024 11:24:55 AM PDT by SunkenCiv
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To: SunkenCiv

Rome never subdued the Germans.

Nor the Brits and Scots, both Germanic peoples............


2 posted on 04/15/2024 11:31:41 AM PDT by Red Badger (Homeless veterans camp in the streets while illegals are put up in 5 Star hotels....................)
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