Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Affixing blame for the Mountain Meadows Massacre
Patheos ^ | SEPTEMBER 21, 2019 | DAN PETERSON

Posted on 09/22/2019 4:04:02 PM PDT by robowombat

Affixing blame for the Mountain Meadows Massacre SEPTEMBER 21, 2019 BY DAN PETERSON

This is not a photo of the Mountain Meadows Massacre. We have none. So I went for a cheerier note. This is a photo (by James Jordan) of director Mark Goodman working just a few days ago with extras in Old Sturbridge Village, Massachusetts, for the “Witnesses” film project.

I note that I’m being accused by a small handful of people of blaming the Mountain Meadows Massacre on “anti-Mormons.”

First, two preliminary observations:

1) When I write anything for the public, at least some people will misread it in the most negative way that they possibly can.

2) The Mountain Meadows Massacre is, for quite manifest reasons, a controversial topic. And, accordingly, it’s one that some people are strongly inclined to exploit for ideological ends.

Of course, I don’t blame the Massacre on “anti-Mormons.” I blame it on the people who did it.

But the perpetrators interest me very particularly because, overwhelmingly, they do not seem to have been conventionally bad people – thugs, murderers, and the like – either before September 1857 or, for the most part, thereafter.

So the question that puzzles me (in this case as in more than a few others) is, What makes ordinary, decent people commit so extraordinarily horrific a crime?

Reading the Oxford book Massacre at Mountain Meadows, by Ron Walker and Rick Turley and Glen Leonard, when it first came out many years ago, I felt as if I were seeing a Greek tragedy unfold. There was a certain inexorable logic to what ultimately happened – a horrible logic, obviously, but one in which it made a certain degree of sense, after one bad step had been taken, to take the next one. I found myself wanting to scream “No! Stop!” while knowing what the outcome was inevitably going to be.

To me, if we see the people who committed the Mountain Meadows Massacre as utterly unlike ourselves, we’re not only falsifying history (and not merely in the sense that they, like me and many of my readers, claimed membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) but refusing to see a lesson (or, more aptly, lessons) in what happened. If they were something of a different species, their cautionary tale can have little if anything to teach us.

In order to understand what they did, we need to understand what factors acted upon them. And, beyond any reasonable dispute, one of the most important of those factors was a prior history of persecution and forced migration.

That doesn’t mean that the Missouri mobs bear legal and moral responsibility for the Mountain Meadows Massacre any more than an abusive father is responsible for the violent acts committed much later by a criminal son. But neither are the two unrelated. Human evils ramify. They do damage, among other things to human psyches.

The Mountain Meadows Massacre certainly isn’t the Restoration’s finest hour. It’s anything but faith-promoting. But it shouldn’t be exploited as a weapon against the Church or against religious belief, either. It’s too complex to be reducible to a self-serving slogan on a partisan bumper sticker.


TOPICS: History; Religion
KEYWORDS: 1857; bookreview; falseprophets; lds; ldschurch; magicundies; massacre; mormonkooks; mormons; mountainmeadows; murderingmormons
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 281-300301-320321-340341-355 next last
To: Elsie

FYI: The ‘Doctrine of the Trinity’ really reflects the so called ‘Athenasian Creed’ (no one really knows who wrote it because the oldest copy dates back to something like 1200)

White Tertullian is believed to have coined the term ‘Trinity’ .... he was definitely did not believe in its current definition as expressed in his letter ‘Against Praexius’ which portrays a belief system similar to the LDS Church Doctrine. (don’t be fooled by the nicene/athenasian insert that some corrupt Monk inserted into the text .... it’s the only one that so-called ‘Orthodox’ like to quote from the letter)


321 posted on 11/27/2019 4:52:27 PM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 314 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

Last of all ... It GREATLY offends me that this Creed was used to murder people as heretics in the name of Christ for not believing it.

Anytime a Group uses Christianity as a reason to murder others .... it is most assuredly NOT of Christ!!! Therefore ... I think it was Satan’s corruption of early Christian doctrine.

When God and Jesus Christ visited Joseph Smitth in the 1820 ‘first vision’ Christ told him “...all of their creeds are an abomination unto him (Christ)...”


322 posted on 11/27/2019 4:58:41 PM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 314 | View Replies]

To: teppe
The problem with this creed is the term ‘Consubstantial’ in article 3, which is the same as “Homoousios” portion of the original AD 325 Nicene Creed which means “the same substance”. This statement declares that God the Father and his Son Jesus Christ are literally ‘one and the same’.

So?

Cannot 'equal' things have differing functions?

Can I not have one TV tuned to CNN and an identical one tuned to PBS?

Cannot my iPhone have differing apps on it than my wifes?


I think your error here is in stating that 'equal' thing MUST act in equal manners.

323 posted on 11/27/2019 5:42:31 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 320 | View Replies]

To: teppe
FYI: The ‘Doctrine of the Trinity’ really reflects the so called ‘Athenasian Creed’ (no one really knows who wrote it because the oldest copy dates back to something like 1200)

And the Golden Plates date back to; uh, well; we don't know, for they seem to have vanished.

324 posted on 11/27/2019 5:43:46 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 321 | View Replies]

To: teppe
What we DO know about them is that Joseph Smith's MEMORY about what the carators on the plates LOOKED like do not match ANYTHING ever found on earth before.


The "Caractors" are the only tangible evidence in existence related to Smith's story.
No gold plates, no brass plates, no peep stones, no Urim and Thummim...
only these "Caractors," not a single one of which is in the purported languages.



Smith's translation of the Caractors. According to Martin Harris (Joseph Smith - History, 1:64), "I went to the city of New York, and presented the characters which had been translated, with the translation thereof, to Professor Charles Anthon, a gentleman celebrated for his literary attainments. Professor Anthon stated that the translation was correct, more so than any he had before seen translated from the Egyptian. I then showed him those which were not yet translated,* and he said they were Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac, and Arabic; and he said they were true characters."

Speak right up now in all truthfulness. Isn't it revealing how Smith started out making a stab at creating believable "caractors" but quckly gave up and produced nothing but squiggles, ending up wih a series of nothing more than crude little scribbles? Yet Professor Anthon supposedly translated them!

*Harris must have had two or three pieces of paper with him—one with characters and a translation of them (on the same paper or a separate one) and one with untranslated characters—quite likely the "Caractors." Some Mormon "scholars" have gone out on a limb, sawed it off, and knocked themselves out trying to translate from these true Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac, and Arabic characters a segment that would correspond with a verse from 1 Nephi.


Modern-day experts in Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac, and Arabic. In 1829, any knowledge of these languages possessed by U.S. scholars would have been rudimentary at best. Expertise in them has vastly improved since then. So go ahead, do it. Get any modern expert in these languages to identify which of these "Caractors" are Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac and Arabic. Better still, accept the claim of Mormon apologists that Anthon did indeed so testify and that his appraisal of the Caractors was correct. (Op. cit, pp. 73-75)

Save your money! Samples of Assyriac/Aramaic and Arabic writing:



 



What say you? Which of Smith's "Caractors" resemble the Assyriac and Arabic ones? No need to pay experts for their analysis. A child could accurately check this out. These writing systems have remained constant for well over 3000 years.


325 posted on 11/27/2019 5:46:21 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 321 | View Replies]

To: teppe
Last of all ... It GREATLY offends me that this Creed was used to murder people as heretics in the name of Christ for not believing it.

Thanks for bringing the focus of this thread back to the title.

326 posted on 11/27/2019 5:47:24 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 322 | View Replies]

To: teppe
When God and Jesus Christ visited Joseph Smitth in the 1820 ‘first vision’ Christ told him “...all of their creeds are an abomination unto him (Christ)...”

Now teppe; you KNOW that the First Vision does NOT mention GOD or Jesus Christ at all!


https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/first-vision?lang=eng
 
In the spring of 1820, God the Father and Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith as he prayed in a grove of trees near his home in western New York.
This event is known as the First Vision. (To read about the vision in Joseph’s own words, click here.)
 
No need to click; I'll post it below...
 
 

 

1 Owing to the many reports which have been put in circulation by evil-disposed and designing persons, in relation to the rise and progress of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, all of which have been designed by the authors thereof to militate against its character as a Church and its progress in the world—I have been induced to write this history, to disabuse the public mind, and put all inquirers after truth in possession of the facts, as they have transpired, in relation both to myself and the Church, so far as I have such facts in my possession.

2 In this history I shall present the various events in relation to this Church, in truth and righteousness, as they have transpired, or as they at present exist, being now [1838] the eighth year since the organization of the said Church.

3 I was born in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five, on the twenty-third day of December, in the town of Sharon, Windsor county, State of Vermont. … My father, Joseph Smith, Sen., left the State of Vermont, and moved to Palmyra, Ontario (now Wayne) county, in the State of New York, when I was in my tenth year, or thereabouts. In about four years after my father’s arrival in Palmyra, he moved with his family into Manchester in the same county of Ontario—

4 His family consisting of eleven souls, namely, my father, Joseph Smith; my mother, Lucy Smith (whose name, previous to her marriage, was Mack, daughter of Solomon Mack); my brothers, Alvin (who died November 19th, 1823, in the 26th year of his age), Hyrum, myself, Samuel Harrison, William, Don Carlos; and my sisters, Sophronia, Catherine, and Lucy.

5 Some time in the second year after our removal to Manchester, there was in the place where we lived an unusual excitement on the subject of religion. It commenced with the Methodists, but soon became general among all the sects in that region of country. Indeed, the whole district of country seemed affected by it, and great multitudes united themselves to the different religious parties, which created no small stir and division amongst the people, some crying, “Lo, here!” and others, “Lo, there!” Some were contending for the Methodist faith, some for the Presbyterian, and some for the Baptist.

6 For, notwithstanding the great love which the converts to these different faiths expressed at the time of their conversion, and the great zeal manifested by the respective clergy, who were active in getting up and promoting this extraordinary scene of religious feeling, in order to have everybody converted, as they were pleased to call it, let them join what sect they pleased; yet when the converts began to file off, some to one party and some to another, it was seen that the seemingly good feelings of both the priests and the converts were more pretended than real; for a scene of great confusion and bad feeling ensued—priest contending against priest, and convert against convert; so that all their good feelings one for another, if they ever had any, were entirely lost in a strife of words and a contest about opinions.

7 I was at this time in my fifteenth year. My father’s family was proselyted to the Presbyterian faith, and four of them joined that church, namely, my mother, Lucy; my brothers Hyrum and Samuel Harrison; and my sister Sophronia.

8 During this time of great excitement my mind was called up to serious reflection and great uneasiness; but though my feelings were deep and often poignant, still I kept myself aloof from all these parties, though I attended their several meetings as often as occasion would permit. In process of time my mind became somewhat partial to the Methodist sect, and I felt some desire to be united with them; but so great were the confusion and strife among the different denominations, that it was impossible for a person young as I was, and so unacquainted with men and things, to come to any certain conclusion who was right and who was wrong.

9 My mind at times was greatly excited, the cry and tumult were so great and incessant. The Presbyterians were most decided against the Baptists and Methodists, and used all the powers of both reason and sophistry to prove their errors, or, at least, to make the people think they were in error. On the other hand, the Baptists and Methodists in their turn were equally zealous in endeavoring to establish their own tenets and disprove all others.

10 In the midst of this war of words and tumult of opinions, I often said to myself: What is to be done? Who of all these parties are right; or, are they all wrong together? If any one of them be right, which is it, and how shall I know it?

11 While I was laboring under the extreme difficulties caused by the contests of these parties of religionists, I was one day reading the Epistle of James, first chapter and fifth verse, which reads: If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.

12 Never did any passage of scripture come with more power to the heart of man than this did at this time to mine. It seemed to enter with great force into every feeling of my heart. I reflected on it again and again, knowing that if any person needed wisdom from God, I did; for how to act I did not know, and unless I could get more wisdom than I then had, I would never know; for the teachers of religion of the different sects understood the same passages of scripture so differently as to destroy all confidence in settling the question by an appeal to the Bible.

13 At length I came to the conclusion that I must either remain in darkness and confusion, or else I must do as James directs, that is, ask of God. I at length came to the determination to “ask of God,” concluding that if he gave wisdom to them that lacked wisdom, and would give liberally, and not upbraid, I might venture.

14 So, in accordance with this, my determination to ask of God, I retired to the woods to make the attempt. It was on the morning of a beautiful, clear day, early in the spring of eighteen hundred and twenty. It was the first time in my life that I had made such an attempt, for amidst all my anxieties I had never as yet made the attempt to pray vocally.

15 After I had retired to the place where I had previously designed to go, having looked around me, and finding myself alone, I kneeled down and began to offer up the desires of my heart to God. I had scarcely done so, when immediately I was seized upon by some power which entirely overcame me, and had such an astonishing influence over me as to bind my tongue so that I could not speak. Thick darkness gathered around me, and it seemed to me for a time as if I were doomed to sudden destruction.

16 But, exerting all my powers to call upon God to deliver me out of the power of this enemy which had seized upon me, and at the very moment when I was ready to sink into despair and abandon myself to destruction—not to an imaginary ruin, but to the power of some actual being from the unseen world, who had such marvelous power as I had never before felt in any being—just at this moment of great alarm, I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the brightness of the sun, which descended gradually until it fell upon me.

 

 

 

 

17 It no sooner appeared than I found myself delivered from the enemy which held me bound. When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!

18 My object in going to inquire of the Lord was to know which of all the sects was right, that I might know which to join. No sooner, therefore, did I get possession of myself, so as to be able to speak, than I asked the Personages who stood above me in the light, which of all the sects was right (for at this time it had never entered into my heart that all were wrong)—and which I should join.

19 I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong; and the Personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in his sight; that those professors were all corrupt; that: “they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, they teach for doctrines the commandments of men, having a form of godliness, but they deny the power thereof.”

20 He again forbade me to join with any of them; and many other things did he say unto me, which I cannot write at this time.

 

 

When I came to myself again, I found myself lying on my back, looking up into heaven. When the light had departed, I had no strength; but soon recovering in some degree, I went home. And as I leaned up to the fireplace, mother inquired what the matter was. I replied, “Never mind, all is well—I am well enough off.” I then said to my mother, “I have learned for myself that Presbyterianism is not true.” It seems as though the adversary was aware, at a very early period of my life, that I was destined to prove a disturber and an annoyer of his kingdom; else why should the powers of darkness combine against me? Why the opposition and persecution that arose against me, almost in my infancy? 

 


We can tell what JS' intentions were; but there is NO proof in these words that he actually WAS contacted by GOD.

As anyone can see; the PERSONAGES are NEVER defined and only ONE of them spoke.

 

 

The bible tells us how to test the messenger: 1 John 4:1-3

Joseph did NOT do this.

 

 

Later in life Joseph tell us how to test the authenticity of a messenger: D&C  Section 129:1-9

He did not do THIS; either.

327 posted on 11/27/2019 6:06:47 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 322 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

Yea right ....

“...One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!”

Joseph Smith was an uneducated boy of 14, and a mere young of 22? when the Book of Mormon was published.

I’m Sorry that his lack of english writing skills and evidence/presentation was not up to your evidence standards.

You would have really been dissapointed at the original 12 Apostles .... most of them were likely illiterate!!!

You have just proved that you are an example of Paul’s accusation:

2 Timothy 3:7

7 Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.

Why is it that you try so hard to twist statements/evidence to manufacture ‘fake news’.

Adam Schiff could really use a person like you.


328 posted on 11/28/2019 6:38:10 AM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 327 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

News Flash: NOBODY KNOWS WHO AUTHORED THE ‘ATHENASIAN CREED’ .....

And yet it’s teaching supercede the Bible in the minds of people like yourself!!!!

... and people have been murdered for not believing it!!!


329 posted on 11/28/2019 6:41:34 AM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 324 | View Replies]

To: teppe
This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!”

Who said NOTHING!!

330 posted on 11/29/2019 4:27:15 AM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 328 | View Replies]

To: teppe
Why is it that you try so hard to twist statements/evidence to manufacture ‘fake news’.

You have it backward.

I am trying to UNTWIST Mormon 'history'.

It's YOU guys that teach things that are NOT found in your scriptures!

Just LOOK at what passes for the Word of Wisdom today; compared to what 'god' told Joseph Smith!


You had a bath in hard liquor lately?


D&C 80:7
And, again, strong drinks are not for the belly, but for the washing of your bodies.

331 posted on 11/29/2019 4:31:20 AM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 328 | View Replies]

To: teppe
News Flash: NOBODY KNOWS WHO AUTHORED THE ‘ATHENASIAN CREED’

Yet the WORLD knows who AUTHORED the Book of Mormon!



332 posted on 11/29/2019 4:47:40 AM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 329 | View Replies]

To: teppe
THE ‘ATHENASIAN CREED’ .....

And yet it’s teaching supercede the Bible in the minds of people like yourself!!!!

Like widdle, ol' ME???


Whosoever will be saved, before all things it is necessary that he hold the catholic faith. Which faith unless every one do keep whole and undefiled, without doubt he shall perish everlastingly. And the catholic faith is this: that we worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; neither confounding the Persons, nor dividing the Essence. For there is one Person of the Father; another of the Son; and another of the Holy Ghost. But the Godhead of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, is all one; the Glory equal, the Majesty coeternal. Such as the Father is; such is the Son; and such is the Holy Ghost. The Father uncreated; the Son uncreated; and the Holy Ghost uncreated. The Father unlimited; the Son unlimited; and the Holy Ghost unlimited. The Father eternal; the Son eternal; and the Holy Ghost eternal. And yet they are not three eternals; but one eternal. As also there are not three uncreated; nor three infinites, but one uncreated; and one infinite. So likewise the Father is Almighty; the Son Almighty; and the Holy Ghost Almighty. And yet they are not three Almighties; but one Almighty. So the Father is God; the Son is God; and the Holy Ghost is God. And yet they are not three Gods; but one God. So likewise the Father is Lord; the Son Lord; and the Holy Ghost Lord. And yet not three Lords; but one Lord. For like as we are compelled by the Christian verity; to acknowledge every Person by himself to be God and Lord; So are we forbidden by the catholic religion; to say, There are three Gods, or three Lords. The Father is made of none; neither created, nor begotten. The Son is of the Father alone; not made, nor created; but begotten. The Holy Ghost is of the Father and of the Son; neither made, nor created, nor begotten; but proceeding. So there is one Father, not three Fathers; one Son, not three Sons; one Holy Ghost, not three Holy Ghosts. And in this Trinity none is before, or after another; none is greater, or less than another. But the whole three Persons are coeternal, and coequal. So that in all things, as aforesaid; the Unity in Trinity, and the Trinity in Unity, is to be worshipped. He therefore that will be saved, let him thus think of the Trinity. Furthermore, it is necessary to everlasting salvation; that he also believe faithfully the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. For the right Faith is, that we believe and confess; that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is God and Man; God, of the Substance [Essence] of the Father; begotten before the worlds; and Man, of the Substance [Essence] of his Mother, born in the world. Perfect God; and perfect Man, of a reasonable soul and human flesh subsisting. Equal to the Father, as touching his Godhead; and inferior to the Father as touching his Manhood. Who although he is God and Man; yet he is not two, but one Christ. One; not by conversion of the Godhead into flesh; but by assumption of the Manhood into God. One altogether; not by confusion of Substance [Essence]; but by unity of Person. For as the reasonable soul and flesh is one man; so God and Man is one Christ; Who suffered for our salvation; descended into hell; rose again the third day from the dead. He ascended into heaven, he sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty, from whence he will come to judge the living and the dead. At whose coming all men will rise again with their bodies; And shall give account for their own works. And they that have done good shall go into life everlasting; and they that have done evil, into everlasting fire. This is the catholic faith; which except a man believe truly and firmly, he cannot be saved.


Do you see ANYTHING in the above about MURDERING folks?



333 posted on 11/29/2019 4:52:01 AM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 329 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

We halfway there!!


334 posted on 11/29/2019 4:53:04 AM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 333 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

???? People who did not believe in these creeds were branded heretics. There were Heretics that were murdered in the name of Jesus Christ .....

.... do you dispute this?

People were killed for not believing in a creed written by an anonymous author and fraudulently attributed to Athenasius....

2 Tim 4:4 “...and they (Elsie) will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables”.


335 posted on 11/29/2019 2:04:17 PM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 333 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

Sorry ... So you believe that God and Christ are the same?

In otherwords .... Jesus prayed to himself in the New Testament?

(I Could NEVER believe in that whopper)


336 posted on 11/29/2019 2:06:27 PM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 331 | View Replies]

To: Elsie

So is believing in the Athenasian Creed necesary to be saved?


337 posted on 11/29/2019 4:28:52 PM PST by teppe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 333 | View Replies]

To: teppe
.... do you dispute this?

Nope; not at all.


Did you see anything in the creed about killing unbelievers?

If not; why blame the creed?

338 posted on 11/29/2019 5:11:32 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 335 | View Replies]

To: teppe
People were killed for not believing in a creed written by an anonymous author and fraudulently attributed to Athenasius....

Have you REALLY thought about the LOGIC of this assertion?


If it really IS 'anonymous'; then how could one state that Athenasius did NOT write it??

339 posted on 11/29/2019 5:13:17 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 335 | View Replies]

To: teppe
2 Tim 4:4 “...and they (Elsie) will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables”.

Gee; this could be FUN!!

“...and they (Mormons) will turn their ears away from the bible, and be turned aside to unsupported teachings of men”.

340 posted on 11/29/2019 5:15:19 PM PST by Elsie (Heck is where people, who don't believe in Gosh, think they are not going...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 335 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 281-300301-320321-340341-355 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson