Aerial View of the CERN. Credit: CERN
The Future Circular Collider is four times the circumference and ten times the power of the current collider
(source 2nd photo: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46862486)
Posted on 01/16/2019 10:39:52 AM PST by ETL
Scientists behind the world's largest atom smasher have laid out their multibillion-euro vision to build an even bigger one, in hopes of unlocking even more secrets of matter and the universe in the coming decades.
Officials at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, presented Tuesday their study for a "Future Circular Collider" inside a 100-kilometer (62-mile) circumference tunnel that could start operating in 2040.
It would sit next to the current 27-kilometer (17-mile) circumference Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, which is perhaps best known for helping confirm the subatomic Higgs boson in 2012.
Officials hope for a decision by CERN's 22 member states within the next few years about the project that would debut with an electron-positron collider at an estimated cost of 9 billion euros ($10.25 billion).
A second phase would involve a superconducting proton machine in the same tunnel, at a cost of about 15 billion euros more. That machine could start operation in the late 2050s.
The concept paper, five years in the making, aimed to explore prospects of "tantalizingly more powerful particle colliders that can inaugurate the post-LHC era in high-energy physics," CERN said on its website.
Ultimately, the FCC would include a superconducting proton accelerator ring with energy of up to 100 tera electron volts, compared with a maximum 17 TeV in the current collider.
The Future Circular Collider is four times the circumference and ten times the power of the current collider
(source 2nd photo: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46862486)
They include:
1973: The discovery of neutral currents in the Gargamelle bubble chamber;[12]
1983: The discovery of W and Z bosons in the UA1 and UA2 experiments;[13]
1989: The determination of the number of light neutrino families at the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) operating on the Z boson peak;
1995: The first creation of antihydrogen atoms in the PS210 experiment;[14]
1999: The discovery of direct CP violation in the NA48 experiment;[15]
2010: The isolation of 38 atoms of antihydrogen;[16]
2011: Maintaining antihydrogen for over 15 minutes;[17]
2012: A boson with mass around 125 GeV/c2 consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson.[18]
In September 2011, CERN attracted media attention when the OPERA Collaboration reported the detection of possibly faster-than-light neutrinos.[19] Further tests showed that the results were flawed due to an incorrectly connected GPS synchronization cable.[20]
The 1984 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer for the developments that resulted in the discoveries of the W and Z bosons.
The 1992 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to CERN staff researcher Georges Charpak “for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber”.
The 2013 Nobel Prize for physics was awarded to François Englert and Peter Higgs for the theoretical description of the Higgs mechanism in the year after the Higgs boson was found by CERN experiments.
yikes!
What is the carbon footprint of that installation? The amount of electricity it uses must be immense.
What the heck is a higs boson?
Perhaps they will oneday find a new unexpected "super particle" using this device. They can call it the "Yikes Particle". :)
Warning: 99% of the population will not understand this article. Particle physics is the domain of the 1%.
I'll let "them" explain it...
"In the 1970s, physicists realized that there are very close ties between two of the four fundamental forces – the weak force and the electromagnetic force. The two forces can be described within the same theory, which forms the basis of the Standard Model.
This “unification” implies that electricity, magnetism, light and some types of radioactivity are all manifestations of a single underlying force known as the electroweak force.
The basic equations of the unified theory correctly describe the electroweak force and its associated force-carrying particles, namely the photon, and the W and Z bosons, except for a major glitch. All of these particles emerge without a mass. While this is true for the photon, we know that the W and Z have mass, nearly 100 times that of a proton.
Fortunately, theorists Robert Brout, François Englert and Peter Higgs made a proposal that was to solve this problem.
What we now call the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism gives a mass to the W and Z when they interact with an invisible field, now called the “Higgs field”, which pervades the universe.
Just after the big bang, the Higgs field was zero, but as the universe cooled and the temperature fell below a critical value, the field grew spontaneously so that any particle interacting with it acquired a mass. The more a particle interacts with this field, the heavier it is.
Particles like the photon that do not interact with it are left with no mass at all. Like all fundamental fields, the Higgs field has an associated particle – the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is the visible manifestation of the Higgs field, rather like a wave at the surface of the sea.
A problem for many years has been that no experiment has observed the Higgs boson to confirm the theory. On 4 July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider announced they had each observed a new particle in the mass region around 125 GeV.
This particle is consistent with the Higgs boson but it will take further work to determine whether or not it is the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model.
The Higgs boson, as proposed within the Standard Model, is the simplest manifestation of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism. Other types of Higgs bosons are predicted by other theories that go beyond the Standard Model.
On 8 October 2013 the Nobel prize in physics was awarded jointly to François Englert and Peter Higgs “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider”.
Alpine Kat sings the explanation....https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j50ZssEojtM
I used to do these experiments.
I would collide Hot Wheels cars into each other.
Cost me like two bucks.
I created a black hole that swallowed up San Francisco.
Whatever was in the black hole kicked San Francisco back out and told me to knock it off.
TXnMA
I understand it better now /s
I understand it less now. :)
When will it start generating some profit?
What the heck is a higs boson?
******************************
My sister dated Higgs Boson when she was in college. I did NOT like him and discouraged the relationship. The longer she dated him, the heavier she got. Fortunately, she broke up with him before she became MASSIVELY obese.
Ole “Ma” Richards.
Here’s the simple explanation:
Phenomena are observed around us. It’s useful to relate the phenomena where possible. For instance it’s useful to know that the distance travelled equals the speed times the elapsed time.
Mathematics is used to express the relationships. The relationships themselves are first observed and then formulas devised that appear to, for example, predict the distance given the speed and elapsed time.
However, the formulas are just mechanics. Sticking with the speed formula, around the turn of the century experimenters saw that the elapsed time didn’t always exactly agree with that formula.
Physicists pondered what they saw and Einstein and others concocted new formulas that seemed to explain the new observations.
This goes on and on. Cern spews out data and physicists try to explain what they see. They see new particles and the behavior of the particles (and fields) and come up with formulas that predict their behavior.
Since they want a bigger accelerator they must see behavior that they still can’t explain.
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