[zeestephen]

I’m confused by the use of “human” in this article for events in Armenia 325,000 years ago.

I thought modern humans first developed around 200,000 years ago, in Africa, and did not migrate out of Africa until about 80,000 to 100,000 years ago.

[gleeaikin]

So were these “humans” more likely Neanderthal or Heidelbergensis?

[SunkenCiv]

The Neandertal Enigma
by James Shreeve
in local libraries

Frayer's own reading of the record reveals a number of overlooked traits that clearly and specifically link the Neandertals to the Cro-Magnons. One such trait is the shape of the opening of the nerve canal in the lower jaw, a spot where dentists often give a pain-blocking injection. In many Neandertal, the upper portion of the opening is covered by a broad bony ridge, a curious feature also carried by a significant number of Cro-Magnons. But none of the alleged 'ancestors of us all' fossils from Africa have it, and it is extremely rare in modern people outside Europe." [pp 126-127]

[SunkenCiv]

Replacement theorists claim a lot of things, but, to frame it in an intellectual argument, phooey on ‘em.

Armenia City In The Sky ~ The Who https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsSa8Whfp9A

The Who - Armenia City In The Sky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7wrwctQS3s

[blam]

"I thought modern humans first developed around 200,000 years ago, in Africa, and did not migrate out of Africa until about 80,000 to 100,000 years ago."

(There have been at least seven distinct humans in our past. The, previously unknown, Denisovians were just discovered in Siberia, which should make it eight)

"Extinct Humans" is a fascinating account of human evolution, extraordinarily illustrated with crisp, powerful photographs of fossils which drive home the point that these are the remains of actual beings who have inhabited this world before us, whether they were our direct ancestors or instead "cousins" to our own line of descent. Tattersall and Schwartz have studied not just the literature on the subject, but virtually all the fossils themselves, giving them a perhaps unmatched command of the variations in the homanid fossil record. They argue persuasively in a clear, well-organized text that modern Homo sapiens is the sole survivor of the many distinct homanid species which have existed over the past two million years, that most of the fossils which have been found represent not ancestors of our own specific line, but relatives which split off in different directions before ultimately coming to a literal dead end. Their discussion of the interaction between Neaderthals and modern humans in Europe (and possibly between Homo erectus and modern humans in southeast Asia) is especially absorbing, delving into questions of technological change, the emergence of symbolic thought, and the creation of language.
The study of human evolution has, well, evolved enormously in the 35 years I have been interested in the topic. "Extinct Humans" is, to my way of thinking, today's best summary and analysis of current knowledge.

[blam]

These guys in Georgia are causing some heartburn to the 'standard' out-of-Africa theory.

Stranger In A New Land

Image: JOHN GURCHE PORTRAIT OF A PIONEER With a brain half the size of a modern one and a brow reminiscent of Homo habilis, this hominid is one of the most primitive members of our genus on record. Paleoartist John Gurche reconstructed this 1.75-million-year-old explorer from a nearly complete teenage H. erectus skull and associated mandible found in Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia. The background figures derive from two partial crania recovered at the site.

The most recent data establishes that they were not travelers/explorers but have lived there for thousands of years.