Posted on 11/12/2007 5:21:11 PM PST by pissant
Perhaps the biggest fraud ever to be perpetrated onto the American people is Global Warming. Al Gore is just the symptom. If not given cover by a group of supposed climate scientists and other left-wing academics, Mr. Gore would be easily seen as the nutcase, phony alarmist that he is. Alas, nearly the entire left of the political spectrum has bought into this hoax, and more than a few ‘conservatives’ have also succumbed to the hysteria, including Newt Gingrich and Mike Huckabee.
Fred Thompson, at least since he started campaigning for the GOP nomination, has provided some biting remarks regarding this issue, including pointing out that Mars is experiencing Martian Warming, with nary a human influence (Richard Hoagland’s theories not withstanding).
But what did Fred do and say during his time in the Senate, representing the good folks of Tennessee?
Well for starters, Fred had this to say on April 23, 2002 during the Senate debates on the 2002 Energy bill:
"I would like to thank my colleagues for their statements and indicate my support for the agreement that we have reached with regard to Title X. A lot of hard work has gone into this agreement. It is my belief that there are still many uncertainties with regard to climate change. However, I also believe that the potential risks of climate change warrant study, research and technological development. This substitute to Title X goes a long way towards achieving those goals. This amendment also recognizes that there are many contributors to climate change beyond CO2, and I appreciate that black soot is included. (snip)
This would seem a fairly harmless statement, if one just skimmed over the Congressional Record. Unfortunately for Mr. Thompson, not everyone skims over it. Title X was part of Tom Daschle’s
(Excerpt) Read more at theamericanwriter2007.blogspot.com ...
Great research, ellery! You’ve got a lot more patience than I to wade throught amendment after amendment and amended amendments to find the final form of the bill being voted on.
2/15/2002: Amendment SA 2917 proposed by Senator Daschle. (consideration: CR S885-888; text as modified: CR 2/27/2002 S1262-1320; consideration: CR 4/16/2002 S2696) 3/5/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1431, S1441-1503; text as further modified: CR S1441-1503) 3/6/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1553) 3/7/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1632) 3/8/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1693) 3/11/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1715) 3/12/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1743) 3/13/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1805) 3/14/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1871) 3/15/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S1961) 3/19/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2018) 3/21/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2194) 4/8/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2345) 4/9/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2389) 4/10/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2425) 4/11/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2508) 4/17/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2763) 4/18/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S2872, S2906, S2911-2916, S2936) 4/18/2002: Cloture motion on Amendtment SA 2917 presented in Senate. 4/23/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S3117) 4/23/2002: Cloture on the amendment SA 2917 invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 86 - 13. Record Vote Number: 77. 4/24/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S3233) 4/25/2002: Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S3342) 4/25/2002: Amendment SA 2917 agreed to in Senate by Voice Vote.
It is important if you are talking about energy independence. It is not so important when discussing the merits and pitfalls of Al Gore's contention that Global Warming is caused by man and can be solved by man. (IMO)
S.AMDT.2979
Amends: S.517 , S.AMDT.2917
Sponsor: Sen McCain, John [AZ] (submitted 3/5/2002) (proposed 3/7/2002)
Check the bottom of my post again -- it shows that those are amendments to Daschle's amendment 2917.
S.AMDT.2917
Amends: S.517
Amendments to this amendment: (big long list)
It's times like this that it would be nice to be able to directly link to Thomas.gov files.
Yes, I triple-checked — if you click into some of the CR consideration from your list, you will see that big long list of amendments being introduced to amend Daschle’s amendment.
No... those other items being considered are amendments to S.517.
That is not what was being voted on when they specifically took a voice vote for SA 2917.
I did read much of it.
Since it is difficult to link, why don’t you post the version of Title X that you think was being commented on by Thompson—or give me a citation/date/author—something—and I’ll look it up.
I think some of the confusion lies in the fact that the overall bill ended up being “returned to the calendar” on 4/25. As a result, the changes to Title X enacted as a result of all those amendments at the end of April were never compiled — we could do it by going through the list of amendments and figuring it out, but I think someone should offer to pay us for drudgery of that level. :)
Now, more detail on the fact that all the amendments I cited were actually amendments to Daschle's amendment 2917 (and as a result, Thompson, Inhofe etc. were not voting on Daschle's original Title X). I won't post the entire list (actually, I will if you want me to :)), but this should be enough:
Go into the main CRS page for S. 517. Click on "All Congressional Actions with Amendments." You'll see the entire history:
2/15/2002: S.AMDT.2917 Amendment SA 2917 proposed by Senator Daschle. (consideration: CR S885-888; text as modified: CR 2/27/2002 S1262-1320; consideration: CR 4/16/2002 S2696) To provide for the energy security of the nation.
-snip-
3/7/2002: S.AMDT.2987 Amendment SA 2987 proposed by Senator Craig to Amendment SA 2917. (consideration: CR S1643; text: CR S1643) To provide for multiple-year authorization for the fusion energy sciences program.
3/7/2002: S.AMDT.2987 Amendment SA 2987 agreed to in Senate by Voice Vote.
3/12/2002: S.AMDT.2995 Amendment SA 2995 proposed by Senator Craig to Amendment SA 2917. (consideration: CR S1743-1744; text: CR S1743) To direct the Secretary of Energy to carry out a program within the Department of Energy to develop advanced reactor technologies and demonstrate new regulatory processes for next generation nuclear power plants.
3/12/2002: S.AMDT.2995 Amendment SA 2995 agreed to in Senate by Voice Vote.
I just want to follow up because 161 towns in NH passed a resolution saying that they wanted the Federal government to do something immediately to increase renewable energy to take on global warming. Would you support that action here in NH? A lot of those towns voted Republican.Fred starts his answer by saying:
Renewable energy has got to be a part of the problem, it's part of the energy problem. It's not just a global warming issue.He then goes on to talk about renewable energy:
Renewable energy, alternatives, no question about it. We got to do a lot of different things well. Renewable, alternatives, using energy sources that we've got here already, nuclear We get about 20% out of nuclear. We've got to do better than that. Other countries are doing a lot better than that.He then goes on to point out that if we take drastic measures it's going to hurt us economically, but won't solve anything because other countries (China, India) aren't participating.
But global warming's not gonna be a problem that's going to be solved overnight. We start doing things drastically economically, not only before we know some answers to some questions, not only are we going to hurt our economy it's not going to do any good. The Chinese and the Indians are not participating, So we've got to do it on a global basis. Sit down and do some things that make some sense.Fred was obviously humoring the guy about global warming while pointing out the dangers of drastically changing our lifestyle without more information.
Amen, Sox! Sing it!
taxing us in the name of controlling the weather, not going to work from the beginning
Man does not know enough, nor have computers big enough, to predict the weather or the future climate. The sun will have the last laugh.
YEs, and just how many of those amendments dealt with Title X?? Dasholes Amendment was far far far far larger than Title X. I looked at those amendments, scant few dealt with Title X
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1899146/posts
Q: Is global warming a man-made problem?
A: From what we know now, it seems to be in part, certainly. I think that we don’t know how much yet. There are a lot of other things we don’t know. There’s got to be a global solution to it, there’s got to be an international solution before we can do anything. We could take a lot of drastic measures here and it wouldn’t even make any difference if China, and India and a lot of other countries don’t participate.
That’s a big improvement. /s
Here is the Bingamen-Thompson version of Title X. It should be called the path to a binding international treaty bill. This is a pathetic monstrosity and Fred is a cosponsor:
SA 3232. Mr. BINGAMAN (for himself, Mr. MURKOWSKI, Mr. BYRD, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. KERRY, Mr. HAGEL, and Ms. SNOWE) submitted and amendment intended to be proposed to amendment SA 2917 proposed by Mr. DASCHLE (for himself and Mr. BINGAMAN) to the bill (S. 517) to authorize funding the Department of Energy to enhance its mission areas through technology transfer and partnerships for fiscal years 2002 through 2006, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
On page 307, strike line 3 and all that follows through page 369, line 22 and insert the following:
DIVISION D—INTEGRATION OF ENERGY POLICY AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
TITLE X—NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
Subtitle A—Sense of Congress
SEC. 1001. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Evidence continues to build that increases in atmospheric concentrations of man-made greenhouse gases are contributing to global climate change.
(2) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that ``there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities’’ and that the Earth’s average temperature can be expected to rise between 2.5 and 10.4 degrees Fahrenheit in this century.
(3) The National Academy of Sciences confirmed the findings of the IPCC, stating that ``the IPPCC’s conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects the current thinking of the scientific community on this issue’’ and that ``there is general agreement that the observed warming is real and particularly strong within the past twenty years.’’ The National Academy of Sciences also noted that ``because there is considerable uncertainty in current understanding of how the climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, current estimates of the magnitude of future warming should be regarded as tentative and subject to future adjustments upward or downward.’’
(4) The IPCC has stated that in the last 40 years, the global average sea level has risen, ocean heat content has increased, and snow cover and ice extent have decreased, which threatens to inundate low-lying island nations and coastal regions throughout the world.
(5) In October 2000, a U.S. government report found that global climate change may harm the United States by altering crop yields, accelerating sea-level rise, and increasing the spread of tropical infectious diseases.
(6) In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the ultimate objective of which is the ``stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.’’
(7) The UNFCCC stated in part that the Parties to the Convention are to implement policies ``with the aim of returning ..... to their 1990 levels anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases’’ under the principle that ``policies and measures ..... should be appropriate for the specific conditions of each Party and should be integrated with national development programmes, taking into account that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change.’’
(8) There is a shared international responsibility to address this problem, as industrial nations are the largest historic and current emitters of greenhouse gases and developing nations’ emissions will significantly increase in the future.
(9) The UNFCCC further stated that ``developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof,’’ as these nations are the largest historic and current emitters of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC also stated that ``steps required to understand and address climate change will be environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations and continually re-evaluated in the light of new findings in these areas.’’
(10) Senate Resolution 98 of the 105th Congress, which expressed that developing nations must also be included in any future, binding climate change treaty and such a treaty must not result in serious harm to the United States economy, should not cause the United States to abandon its shared responsibility to help reduce the risks of climate change and its impacts. Future international efforts in this regard should focus on recognizing the equitable responsibilities for addressing climate change by all nations, including commitments by the largest developing country emitters in a future, binding climate change treaty.
(11) It is the position of the United States that it will not interfere with the plans of any nation that chooses to ratify and implement the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC.
(12) American businesses need to know how governments worldwide will address the risks of climate change.
(13) The United States benefits from investments in the research, development and deployment of a range of clean energy and efficiency technologies that can reduce the risks of climate change and its impacts and that can make the United States economy
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more productive, bolster energy security, create jobs, and protect the environment.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the United States Congress that the United States should demonstrate international leadership and responsibility in reducing the health, environmental, and economic risks posed by climate change by:
(1) taking responsible action to ensure significant and meaningful reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases from all sectors:
(2) creating flexible international and domestic mechanisms, including joint implementation, technology deployment, tradable credits for emissions reductions and carbon sequestration projects that will reduce, avoid, and sequester greenhouse gas emissions; and
(3) participating in international negotiations, including putting forth a proposal to the Conference of the Parties, with the objective of securing United States’ participation in a future binding climate change Treaty in a manner that is consistent with the environmental objectives of the UNFCCC, that protects the economic interests of the United States, and recognizes the shared international responsibility for addressing climate change, including developing country participation.
Subtitle B—Climate Change Strategy
SEC. 1011. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the ``Climate Change Strategy and Technology Innovation Act of 2002’’.
SEC. 1012. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) CLIMATE-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY.—The term ``climate-friendly technology’’ means any energy supply or end-use technology that, over the life of the technology and compared to similar technology in commercial use as of the date of enactment of this Act—
(A) results in reduced emissions of greenhouse gases;
(B) may substantially lower emissions of other pollutants; and
(C) may generate substantially smaller or less hazardous quantities of solid or liquid waste.
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ``Department’’ means the Department of Energy.
(3) DEPARTMENT OFFICE.—The term ``Department Office’’ means the Office of Climate Change Technology of the Department established by section 1015(a).
(4) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ``Federal agency’’ has the meaning given the term ``agency’’ in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
(5) GREENHOUSE GAS.—The term ``greenhouse gas’’ means—
(A) an anthropogenic gaseous constituent of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and tropospheric ozone) that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation and influences climate; and
(B) an anthropogenic aerosol (such as black soot) that absorbs solar radiation and influences climate.
(6) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—The term ``Interagency Task Force’’ means the Interagency Task Force established under section 1014(e).
(7) KEY ELEMENT.—The term ``key element’’, with respect to the Strategy, means—
(A) definition of interim emission mitigation levels, that, coupled with specific mitigation approaches and after taking into account actions by other nations (if any), would result in stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations;
(B) technology development, including—
(i) a national commitment to double energy research and development by the United States public and private sectors; and
(ii) in carrying out such research and development, a national commitment to provide a high degree of emphasis on bold, breakthrough technologies that will make possible a profound transformation of the energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, and building sectors of the United States;
(C) climate adaptation research that focuses on actions necessary to adapt to climate change—
(i) that may have already occurred; or
(ii) that may occur under future climate change scenarios;
(D) climate science research that—
(i) builds on the substantial scientific understanding of climate change that exists as of the date of enactment of this subtitle; and
(ii) focuses on reducing the remaining scientific, technical, and economic uncertainties to aid in the development of sound response strategies.
(8) LONG-TERM GOAL OF THE STRATEGY.—The term ``long-term goal of the Strategy’’ means the long-term goal in section 1013(a)(1).
(9) MITIGATION.—The term ``mitigation’’ means actions that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases.
(10) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—The term ``National Academy of Sciences’’ means the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
(11) QUALIFIED INDIVIDUAL.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ``qualified individual’’ means an individual who has demonstrated expertise and leadership skills to draw on other experts in diverse fields of knowledge that are relevant to addressing the climate change challenge.
(B) FIELDS OF KNOWLEDGE.—The fields of knowledge referred to in subparagraph (A) are—
(i) the science of climate change and its impacts;
(ii) energy and environmental economics;
(iii) technology transfer and diffusion;
(iv) the social dimensions of climate change;
(v) climate change adaptation strategies;
(vi) fossil, nuclear, and renewable energy technology;
(vii) energy efficiency and energy conservation;
(viii) energy systems integration;
(ix) engineered and terrestrial carbon sequestration;
(x) transportation, industrial, and building sector concerns;
(xi) regulatory and market-based mechanisms for addressing climate change;
(xii) risk and decision analysis;
(xiii) strategic planning; and
(xiv) the international implications of climate change strategies.
(12) SECRETRY.—The term ``Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energy.
(13) STABILIZATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATIONS.—The term ``stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations’’ means the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, recognizing that such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner, as contemplated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, done at New York on May 9, 1992.
(14) STRATEGY.—The term ``Strategy’’ means the National Climate Change Strategy developed under section 1013.
(15) WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—The term ``White House Office’’ means the Office of National Climate Change Policy established by section 1014(a).
SEC. 1013. NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, through the director of the White House Office and in consultation with the Interagency Task Force, shall develop a National Climate Change Strategy, which shall—
(1) have the long-term goal of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations through actions taken by the United States and other nations;
(2) recognize that accomplishing the long-term goal of the Strategy will take from many decades to more than a century, but acknowledging that significant actions must begin in the near term;
(3) incorporate the 4 key elements;
(4) be developed on the basis of an examination of a broad range of emissions levels and dates for achievement of those levels (including those evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and those consistent with U.S. treaty commitments) that, after taking into account actions by other nations, would achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(5) consider the broad range of activities and actions that can be taken by United States entities to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions both within the United States and in other nations through the use of market mechanisms, which may include, but not be limited to, mitigation activities, terrestrial sequestration, earning offsets through carbon capture or project-based activities, trading of emissions credits in domestic and international markets, and the application of the resulting credits from any of the above within the United States;
(6) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner.
(7) incorporate mitigation approaches leading to the development and deployment of advanced technologies and practices that will reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions;
(8) be consistent with the goals of energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(9) take into account—
(A) the diversity of energy sources and technologies;
(B) supply-side and demand-side solutions; and
(C) national infrastructure, energy distribution, and transportation systems;
(10) be based on an evaluation of a wide range of approaches for achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy, including evaluation of—
(A) a variety of cost-effective Federal and State policies, programs, standards, and incentives;
(B) policies that integrate and promote innovative, market-based solutions in the United States and in foreign countries; and
(C) participation in other international institutions, or in the support of international activities, that are established or conducted to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(11) in the final recommendations of the Strategy—
(A) emphasize policies and actions that achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(13) The United States benefits from investments in the research, development and deployment of a range of clean energy and efficiency technologies that can reduce the risks of climate change and its impacts and that can make the United States economy
[Page: S3055] GPO’s PDF
more productive, bolster energy security, create jobs, and protect the environment.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the United States Congress that the United States should demonstrate international leadership and responsibility in reducing the health, environmental, and economic risks posed by climate change by:
(1) taking responsible action to ensure significant and meaningful reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases from all sectors:
(2) creating flexible international and domestic mechanisms, including joint implementation, technology deployment, tradable credits for emissions reductions and carbon sequestration projects that will reduce, avoid, and sequester greenhouse gas emissions; and
(3) participating in international negotiations, including putting forth a proposal to the Conference of the Parties, with the objective of securing United States’ participation in a future binding climate change Treaty in a manner that is consistent with the environmental objectives of the UNFCCC, that protects the economic interests of the United States, and recognizes the shared international responsibility for addressing climate change, including developing country participation.
Subtitle B—Climate Change Strategy
SEC. 1011. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the ``Climate Change Strategy and Technology Innovation Act of 2002’’.
SEC. 1012. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) CLIMATE-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY.—The term ``climate-friendly technology’’ means any energy supply or end-use technology that, over the life of the technology and compared to similar technology in commercial use as of the date of enactment of this Act—
(A) results in reduced emissions of greenhouse gases;
(B) may substantially lower emissions of other pollutants; and
(C) may generate substantially smaller or less hazardous quantities of solid or liquid waste.
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ``Department’’ means the Department of Energy.
(3) DEPARTMENT OFFICE.—The term ``Department Office’’ means the Office of Climate Change Technology of the Department established by section 1015(a).
(4) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ``Federal agency’’ has the meaning given the term ``agency’’ in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
(5) GREENHOUSE GAS.—The term ``greenhouse gas’’ means—
(A) an anthropogenic gaseous constituent of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and tropospheric ozone) that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation and influences climate; and
(B) an anthropogenic aerosol (such as black soot) that absorbs solar radiation and influences climate.
(6) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—The term ``Interagency Task Force’’ means the Interagency Task Force established under section 1014(e).
(7) KEY ELEMENT.—The term ``key element’’, with respect to the Strategy, means—
(A) definition of interim emission mitigation levels, that, coupled with specific mitigation approaches and after taking into account actions by other nations (if any), would result in stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations;
(B) technology development, including—
(i) a national commitment to double energy research and development by the United States public and private sectors; and
(ii) in carrying out such research and development, a national commitment to provide a high degree of emphasis on bold, breakthrough technologies that will make possible a profound transformation of the energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, and building sectors of the United States;
(C) climate adaptation research that focuses on actions necessary to adapt to climate change—
(i) that may have already occurred; or
(ii) that may occur under future climate change scenarios;
(D) climate science research that—
(i) builds on the substantial scientific understanding of climate change that exists as of the date of enactment of this subtitle; and
(ii) focuses on reducing the remaining scientific, technical, and economic uncertainties to aid in the development of sound response strategies.
(8) LONG-TERM GOAL OF THE STRATEGY.—The term ``long-term goal of the Strategy’’ means the long-term goal in section 1013(a)(1).
(9) MITIGATION.—The term ``mitigation’’ means actions that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases.
(10) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—The term ``National Academy of Sciences’’ means the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council.
(11) QUALIFIED INDIVIDUAL.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ``qualified individual’’ means an individual who has demonstrated expertise and leadership skills to draw on other experts in diverse fields of knowledge that are relevant to addressing the climate change challenge.
(B) FIELDS OF KNOWLEDGE.—The fields of knowledge referred to in subparagraph (A) are—
(i) the science of climate change and its impacts;
(ii) energy and environmental economics;
(iii) technology transfer and diffusion;
(iv) the social dimensions of climate change;
(v) climate change adaptation strategies;
(vi) fossil, nuclear, and renewable energy technology;
(vii) energy efficiency and energy conservation;
(viii) energy systems integration;
(ix) engineered and terrestrial carbon sequestration;
(x) transportation, industrial, and building sector concerns;
(xi) regulatory and market-based mechanisms for addressing climate change;
(xii) risk and decision analysis;
(xiii) strategic planning; and
(xiv) the international implications of climate change strategies.
(12) SECRETRY.—The term ``Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Energy.
(13) STABILIZATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONCENTRATIONS.—The term ``stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations’’ means the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, recognizing that such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner, as contemplated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, done at New York on May 9, 1992.
(14) STRATEGY.—The term ``Strategy’’ means the National Climate Change Strategy developed under section 1013.
(15) WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—The term ``White House Office’’ means the Office of National Climate Change Policy established by section 1014(a).
SEC. 1013. NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, through the director of the White House Office and in consultation with the Interagency Task Force, shall develop a National Climate Change Strategy, which shall—
(1) have the long-term goal of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations through actions taken by the United States and other nations;
(2) recognize that accomplishing the long-term goal of the Strategy will take from many decades to more than a century, but acknowledging that significant actions must begin in the near term;
(3) incorporate the 4 key elements;
(4) be developed on the basis of an examination of a broad range of emissions levels and dates for achievement of those levels (including those evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and those consistent with U.S. treaty commitments) that, after taking into account actions by other nations, would achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(5) consider the broad range of activities and actions that can be taken by United States entities to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions both within the United States and in other nations through the use of market mechanisms, which may include, but not be limited to, mitigation activities, terrestrial sequestration, earning offsets through carbon capture or project-based activities, trading of emissions credits in domestic and international markets, and the application of the resulting credits from any of the above within the United States;
(6) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner.
(7) incorporate mitigation approaches leading to the development and deployment of advanced technologies and practices that will reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions;
(8) be consistent with the goals of energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(9) take into account—
(A) the diversity of energy sources and technologies;
(B) supply-side and demand-side solutions; and
(C) national infrastructure, energy distribution, and transportation systems;
(10) be based on an evaluation of a wide range of approaches for achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy, including evaluation of—
(A) a variety of cost-effective Federal and State policies, programs, standards, and incentives;
(B) policies that integrate and promote innovative, market-based solutions in the United States and in foreign countries; and
(C) participation in other international institutions, or in the support of international activities, that are established or conducted to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(11) in the final recommendations of the Strategy—
(A) emphasize policies and actions that achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
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(B) provide specific recommendations concerning—
(i) measures determined to be appropriate for short-term implementation, giving preference to cost-effective and technologically feasible measures that will—
(I) produce measurable net reductions in United States emissions, compared to expected trends, that lead toward achievement of the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term economic, environmental, national security, and social impacts on the United States;
(ii) the development of technologies that have the potential for long-term implementation—
(I) giving preference to technologies that have the potential to reduce significantly the overall cost of achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) considering a full range of energy sources, energy conversion and use technologies, and efficiency options;
(iii) such changes in institutional and technology systems are necessary to adapt to climate change in the short-term and the long-term;
(iv) such review, modification, and enhancement of the scientific, technical, and economic research efforts of the United States, and improvements to the data resulting from research, as are appropriate to improve the accuracy of predictions concerning climate change and the economic and social costs and opportunities relating to climate change; and
(v) changes that should be made to project and grant evaluation criteria under other Federal research and development programs so that those criteria do not inhibit development of climate-friendly technologies;
(12) recognize that the Strategy is intended to guide the nation’s effort to address climate change, but it shall not create a legal obligation on the part of any person or entity other than the duties of the Director of the White House Office and Interagency Task Force in the development of the Strategy;
(13) have a scope that considers the totality of United States public, private, and public-private sector actions that bear on the long-term goal;
(14) be developed in a manner that provides for meaningful participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties in accordance with subsections (b)(3)(C)(iv)(II) and (e)(3)(B)(ii) of section 1014;
(15) address how the United States should engage State, tribal, and local governments in developing and carrying out a response to climate change;
(16) promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues;
(17) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will ensure that they do not result in serious harm to the economy of the United States;
(18) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will achieve its long-term goal;
(19) include any recommendations for legislative and administrative actions necessary to implement the Strategy;
(20) serve as a framework for climate change actions by all Federal agencies;
(21) recommend which Federal agencies are, or should be, responsible for the various aspects of implementation of the Strategy and any budgetary implications;
(22) address how the United States should engage foreign governments in developing an international response to climate change; and
(23) incorporate initiatives to open markets and promote the deployment of a range of climate-friendly technologies developed in the United States and abroad.
(b) Submission to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the President, through the Interagency Task Force and the Director, shall submit to Congress the Strategy, in the form of a report that includes—
(1) a description of the Strategy and its goals, including how the Strategy addresses each of the 4 key elements;
(2) an inventory and evaluation of Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy;
(3) a description of how the Strategy will serve as a framework of climate change response actions by all Federal agencies, including a description of coordination mechanisms and interagency activities;
(4) evidence that the Strategy is consistent with other energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(5) a description of provisions in the Strategy that ensure that it minimizes any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the Strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner;
(6) evidence that the Strategy has been developed in a manner that provides for participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties;
(7) a description of Federal activities that promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues; and
(8) recommendations for legislative or administrative changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaption activities.
(c) Updates.—Not later than 4 years after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and at the end of each 4-year period thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress an updated version of the Strategy.
(d) Progress Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and annually thereafter at the time that the President submits to the Congress the budget of the United States Government under section 1105 of title 21, United States Code, the President shall submit to Congress a report that—
(1) describes the Strategy, its goals, the Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy through technological, scientific, mitigation, and adaption activities;
(2) evaluates the Federal programs and activities implemented as part of this Strategy against the goals and implementation dates outlined in the Strategy;
(3) assesses the progress in implementation of the Strategy;
(4) incorporates the technology program reports required pursuant to section 1015(a)(3) and subsections (d) and (e) of section 1321;
(5) describes any changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaptation activities;
(6) describes all Federal spending on climate change for the current fiscal year and each of the five years previous; categorized by Federal agency and program function (including scientific research, energy research and development, regulation, education, and other activities);
(7) estimates the budgetary impact for the current fiscal year and each of the five years previous of any Federal tax credits, tax deductions or other incentives claimed by taxpayers that are directly or indirectly attributable to greenhouse gas emissions reduction activities;
(8) estimates the amount, in metric tons, of net greenhouse gas emissions reduced, avoided, or sequestered directly or indirectly as a result of the implementation of the Strategy;
(9) evaluates international research and development and market-based activities and the mitigation actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(10) makes recommendations for legislative or administrative actions or adjustments that will accelerate progress towards meeting the near-term and long-term goals contained in the Strategy.
(e) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REVIEW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of publication of the Strategy under subsection (b) and each update under subsection (c), the Director of the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Director of the White House Office and the Interagency Task Force, shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a review of the Strategy or update.
(2) CRITERIA.—The review by the National Academy of Sciences shall evaluate the goals and recommendations contained in the Strategy or update, taking into consideration—
(A) the adequacy of effort and the appropriateness of focus of the totality of all public, private, and public-private sector actions of the United States with respect to the Strategy, including the 4 key elements;
(B) the adequacy of the budget and the effectiveness with which each Federal agency is carrying out its responsibilities;
(C) current scientific knowledge regarding climate change and its impacts;
(D) current understanding of human social and economic responses to climate change, and responses of natural ecosystems to climate change;
(E) advancements in energy technologies that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases or otherwise mitigate the risks of climate change;
(F) current understanding of economic costs and benefits of mitigation or adaptation activities;
(G) the existence of alternative policy options that could achieve the Strategy goals at lower economic, environmental, or social cost; and
(H) international activities and the actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of submittal to the Congress of the Strategy or update, as appropriate, the National Academy of Sciences shall prepare and submit to the Congress and the President a report concerning the results of its review, along with any recommendations as appropriate. Such report shall also be made available to the public.
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purposes of this subsection, there are
(A) emphasize policies and actions that achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
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(B) provide specific recommendations concerning—
(i) measures determined to be appropriate for short-term implementation, giving preference to cost-effective and technologically feasible measures that will—
(I) produce measurable net reductions in United States emissions, compared to expected trends, that lead toward achievement of the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term economic, environmental, national security, and social impacts on the United States;
(ii) the development of technologies that have the potential for long-term implementation—
(I) giving preference to technologies that have the potential to reduce significantly the overall cost of achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) considering a full range of energy sources, energy conversion and use technologies, and efficiency options;
(iii) such changes in institutional and technology systems are necessary to adapt to climate change in the short-term and the long-term;
(iv) such review, modification, and enhancement of the scientific, technical, and economic research efforts of the United States, and improvements to the data resulting from research, as are appropriate to improve the accuracy of predictions concerning climate change and the economic and social costs and opportunities relating to climate change; and
(v) changes that should be made to project and grant evaluation criteria under other Federal research and development programs so that those criteria do not inhibit development of climate-friendly technologies;
(12) recognize that the Strategy is intended to guide the nation’s effort to address climate change, but it shall not create a legal obligation on the part of any person or entity other than the duties of the Director of the White House Office and Interagency Task Force in the development of the Strategy;
(13) have a scope that considers the totality of United States public, private, and public-private sector actions that bear on the long-term goal;
(14) be developed in a manner that provides for meaningful participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties in accordance with subsections (b)(3)(C)(iv)(II) and (e)(3)(B)(ii) of section 1014;
(15) address how the United States should engage State, tribal, and local governments in developing and carrying out a response to climate change;
(16) promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues;
(17) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will ensure that they do not result in serious harm to the economy of the United States;
(18) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will achieve its long-term goal;
(19) include any recommendations for legislative and administrative actions necessary to implement the Strategy;
(20) serve as a framework for climate change actions by all Federal agencies;
(21) recommend which Federal agencies are, or should be, responsible for the various aspects of implementation of the Strategy and any budgetary implications;
(22) address how the United States should engage foreign governments in developing an international response to climate change; and
(23) incorporate initiatives to open markets and promote the deployment of a range of climate-friendly technologies developed in the United States and abroad.
(b) Submission to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the President, through the Interagency Task Force and the Director, shall submit to Congress the Strategy, in the form of a report that includes—
(1) a description of the Strategy and its goals, including how the Strategy addresses each of the 4 key elements;
(2) an inventory and evaluation of Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy;
(3) a description of how the Strategy will serve as a framework of climate change response actions by all Federal agencies, including a description of coordination mechanisms and interagency activities;
(4) evidence that the Strategy is consistent with other energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(5) a description of provisions in the Strategy that ensure that it minimizes any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the Strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner;
(6) evidence that the Strategy has been developed in a manner that provides for participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties;
(7) a description of Federal activities that promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues; and
(8) recommendations for legislative or administrative changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaption activities.
(c) Updates.—Not later than 4 years after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and at the end of each 4-year period thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress an updated version of the Strategy.
(d) Progress Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and annually thereafter at the time that the President submits to the Congress the budget of the United States Government under section 1105 of title 21, United States Code, the President shall submit to Congress a report that—
(1) describes the Strategy, its goals, the Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy through technological, scientific, mitigation, and adaption activities;
(2) evaluates the Federal programs and activities implemented as part of this Strategy against the goals and implementation dates outlined in the Strategy;
(3) assesses the progress in implementation of the Strategy;
(4) incorporates the technology program reports required pursuant to section 1015(a)(3) and subsections (d) and (e) of section 1321;
(5) describes any changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaptation activities;
(6) describes all Federal spending on climate change for the current fiscal year and each of the five years previous; categorized by Federal agency and program function (including scientific research, energy research and development, regulation, education, and other activities);
(7) estimates the budgetary impact for the current fiscal year and each of the five years previous of any Federal tax credits, tax deductions or other incentives claimed by taxpayers that are directly or indirectly attributable to greenhouse gas emissions reduction activities;
(8) estimates the amount, in metric tons, of net greenhouse gas emissions reduced, avoided, or sequestered directly or indirectly as a result of the implementation of the Strategy;
(9) evaluates international research and development and market-based activities and the mitigation actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(10) makes recommendations for legislative or administrative actions or adjustments that will accelerate progress towards meeting the near-term and long-term goals contained in the Strategy.
(e) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REVIEW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of publication of the Strategy under subsection (b) and each update under subsection (c), the Director of the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Director of the White House Office and the Interagency Task Force, shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a review of the Strategy or update.
(2) CRITERIA.—The review by the National Academy of Sciences shall evaluate the goals and recommendations contained in the Strategy or update, taking into consideration—
(A) the adequacy of effort and the appropriateness of focus of the totality of all public, private, and public-private sector actions of the United States with respect to the Strategy, including the 4 key elements;
(B) the adequacy of the budget and the effectiveness with which each Federal agency is carrying out its responsibilities;
(C) current scientific knowledge regarding climate change and its impacts;
(D) current understanding of human social and economic responses to climate change, and responses of natural ecosystems to climate change;
(E) advancements in energy technologies that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases or otherwise mitigate the risks of climate change;
(F) current understanding of economic costs and benefits of mitigation or adaptation activities;
(G) the existence of alternative policy options that could achieve the Strategy goals at lower economic, environmental, or social cost; and
(H) international activities and the actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of submittal to the Congress of the Strategy or update, as appropriate, the National Academy of Sciences shall prepare and submit to the Congress and the President a report concerning the results of its review, along with any recommendations as appropriate. Such report shall also be made available to the public.
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purposes of this subsection, there are
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authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation such sums as may be necessary.
SEC. 1014. OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of National Climate Change Policy.
(2) FOCUS.—The White House Office shall have the focus of achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy while minimizing adverse short-term and long-term economic and social impacts.
(3) DUTIES.—Consistent with paragraph (2), the White House Office shall—
(A) establish policies, objectives, and priorities for the Strategy;
(B) in accordance with subsection (d), establish the Interagency Task Force to serve as the primary mechanism through which the heads of Federal agencies shall assist the Director of the White House Office in developing and implementing the Strategy;
(C) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the Strategy is based on objective, quantitative analysis, drawing on the analytical capabilities of Federal and State agencies, especially the Department Office;
(D) advise the President concerning necessary changes in organization, management, budgeting, and personnel allocation of Federal agencies involved in climate change response activities; and
(E) advise the President and notify a Federal agency if the policies and discretionary programs of the agency are not well aligned with, or are not contributing effectively to, the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The White House Office shall be headed by a Director, who shall report directly to the President, and shall consult with the appropriate economic, environmental, national security, domestic policy, science and technology and other offices with the Executive Office of the President.
(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Director of the White House Office shall be a qualified individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(3) DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—
(A) STRATEGY.—In accordance with section 1013, the Director of the White House Office shall coordinate the development and updating of the Strategy.
(B) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—The Director of the White House Office shall serve as Chair of the Interagency Task Force.
(C) ADVISORY DUTIES.—
(i) ENERGY, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, TRANSPORTATION, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, BUILDING, FORESTRY, AND OTHER PROGRAMS.—The Director of the White House Office, using an integrated perspective considering the totality of actions in the United States, shall advise the President and the heads of Federal agencies on—
(I) the extent to which United States energy, economic, environmental, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, building, and other relevant programs are capable of producing progress on the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed or newly created energy, economic, environmental, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, building, and other relevant programs positively or negatively affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(ii) TAX, TRADE, AND FOREIGN POLICIES.—The Director of the White House Office, using an integrated perspective considering the totality of actions in the United States, shall advise the President and the heads of Federal agencies on—
(I) the extent to which the United States tax policy, trade policy, and foreign policy are capable of producing progress on the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed or newly created tax policy, trade policy, and foreign policy positively or negatively affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(iii) INTERNATIONAL TREATIES.—The Secretary of State, acting in conjunction with the Interagency Task Force and using the analytical tools available to the White House Office, shall provide to the Director of the White House Office an opinion that—
(I) specifies, to the maximum extent practicable, the economic and environmental costs and benefits of any proposed international treaties or components of treaties that have an influence on greenhouse gas management; and
(II) assesses the extent to which the treaties advance the long-term goal of the Strategy, while minimizing adverse short-term and long-term economic and social impacts and considering other impacts.
(iv) CONSULTATION.—
(I) WITH MEMBERS OF INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—To the extent practicable and appropriate, the Director of the White House Office shall consult with all members of the Interagency Task Force before providing advice to the President.
(II) WITH OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES.—The Director of the White House Office shall establish a process for obtaining the meaningful participation of Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties in the development and updating of the Strategy.
(D) PUBLIC EDUCATION, AWARENESS, OUTREACH, AND INFORMATION-SHARING.—The Director of the White House Office, to the maximum extent practicable, shall promote public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues.
(4) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Director of the White House Office, in consultation with the Interagency Task Force and other interested parties, shall prepare the annual reports for submission by the President to Congress under section 1013(d).
(5) ANALYSIS.—During development of the Strategy, preparation of the annual reports submitted under paragraph (4), and provision of advice to the President and the heads of Federal agencies, the Director of the White House Office shall place significant emphasis on the use of objective, quantitative analysis, taking into consideration any uncertainties associated with the analysis.
(c) STAFF.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the White House Office shall employ a professional staff, including the staff appointed under paragraph (2), of not more than 25 individuals to carry out the duties of the White House Office.
(2) Intergovernmental personnel and fellowships.—The Director of the White House Office may use the authority provided by the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.) and subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, and fellowships, to obtain staff from Federal agencies, academia, scientific bodies, or a National Laboratory (as that term is defined in section 1203), for appointments of a limited term.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.—
(1) Use of available appropriations.—From funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal year in which this Title is enacted, the President shall provide such sums as are necessary to carry out the duties of the White House Office under this title until the date on which funds are made available under paragraph (2).
(2) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Executive Office of the President to carry out the duties of the White House Office under this subtitle, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available through September 30, 2011.
(e) Interagency Task Force.—
(1) In general.—The Director of the White House Office shall establish the Interagency Task Force.
(2) Composition.—The Interagency Task Force shall be composed of—
(A) the Director off the White House Office, who shall serve as Chair;
(B) the Secretary of State;
(C) the Secretary of Energy;
(D) the Secretary of Commerce;
(E) the Secretary of Transportation;
(F) the Secretary of Agriculture;
(G) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;
(H) the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers;
(I) the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality;
(J) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(K) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and
(L) the heads of such other Federal agencies as the President considers appropriate.
(3) Strategy.—
(A) In general.—The Interagency Task Force shall serve as the primary forum through which the Federal agencies represented on the Interagency Task Force jointly assist the Director of the White House Office in—
(i) developing and updating the Strategy; and
(ii) preparing annual reports under section 1013(d).
(B) Required elements.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Interagency Task Force shall—
(i) take into account the long-term goal and other requirements of the Strategy specified in section 1013(a);
(A) manage an energy technology research and development program that directly supports the Strategy by—
(i) focusing on high-risk, bold, breakthrough technologies that—
(I) have significant promise of contributing to the long-term goal of the Strategy by—
(aa) mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases;
(bb) removing and sequestering greenhouse gases from emission streams; or
(cc) removing and sequestering greenhouse gases from the atmosphere;
(II) are not being addressed significantly by other Federal programs; and
(III) would represent a substantial advance beyond technology available on the date of enactment of this subtitle;
(ii) forging fundamentally new research and development partnerships among various Department, other Federal, and State programs, particularly between basic science and energy technology programs, in cases in which such partnerships have significant potential to affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy at the lowest possible cost;
(iii) forging international research and development partnerships that are in the interests of the United States and make progress on achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(iv) making available, through monitoring, experimentation, and analysis, data that are essential to proving the technical and economic viability of technology central to addressing climate change; and
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purposes of this subsection, there are
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authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation such sums as may be necessary.
SEC. 1014. OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of National Climate Change Policy.
(2) FOCUS.—The White House Office shall have the focus of achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy while minimizing adverse short-term and long-term economic and social impacts.
(3) DUTIES.—Consistent with paragraph (2), the White House Office shall—
(A) establish policies, objectives, and priorities for the Strategy;
(B) in accordance with subsection (d), establish the Interagency Task Force to serve as the primary mechanism through which the heads of Federal agencies shall assist the Director of the White House Office in developing and implementing the Strategy;
(C) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the Strategy is based on objective, quantitative analysis, drawing on the analytical capabilities of Federal and State agencies, especially the Department Office;
(D) advise the President concerning necessary changes in organization, management, budgeting, and personnel allocation of Federal agencies involved in climate change response activities; and
(E) advise the President and notify a Federal agency if the policies and discretionary programs of the agency are not well aligned with, or are not contributing effectively to, the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The White House Office shall be headed by a Director, who shall report directly to the President, and shall consult with the appropriate economic, environmental, national security, domestic policy, science and technology and other offices with the Executive Office of the President.
(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Director of the White House Office shall be a qualified individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(3) DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—
(A) STRATEGY.—In accordance with section 1013, the Director of the White House Office shall coordinate the development and updating of the Strategy.
(B) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—The Director of the White House Office shall serve as Chair of the Interagency Task Force.
(C) ADVISORY DUTIES.—
(i) ENERGY, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, TRANSPORTATION, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, BUILDING, FORESTRY, AND OTHER PROGRAMS.—The Director of the White House Office, using an integrated perspective considering the totality of actions in the United States, shall advise the President and the heads of Federal agencies on—
(I) the extent to which United States energy, economic, environmental, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, building, and other relevant programs are capable of producing progress on the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed or newly created energy, economic, environmental, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, building, and other relevant programs positively or negatively affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(ii) TAX, TRADE, AND FOREIGN POLICIES.—The Director of the White House Office, using an integrated perspective considering the totality of actions in the United States, shall advise the President and the heads of Federal agencies on—
(I) the extent to which the United States tax policy, trade policy, and foreign policy are capable of producing progress on the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed or newly created tax policy, trade policy, and foreign policy positively or negatively affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(iii) INTERNATIONAL TREATIES.—The Secretary of State, acting in conjunction with the Interagency Task Force and using the analytical tools available to the White House Office, shall provide to the Director of the White House Office an opinion that—
(I) specifies, to the maximum extent practicable, the economic and environmental costs and benefits of any proposed international treaties or components of treaties that have an influence on greenhouse gas management; and
(II) assesses the extent to which the treaties advance the long-term goal of the Strategy, while minimizing adverse short-term and long-term economic and social impacts and considering other impacts.
(iv) CONSULTATION.—
(I) WITH MEMBERS OF INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—To the extent practicable and appropriate, the Director of the White House Office shall consult with all members of the Interagency Task Force before providing advice to the President.
(II) WITH OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES.—The Director of the White House Office shall establish a process for obtaining the meaningful participation of Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties in the development and updating of the Strategy.
(D) PUBLIC EDUCATION, AWARENESS, OUTREACH, AND INFORMATION-SHARING.—The Director of the White House Office, to the maximum extent practicable, shall promote public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues.
(4) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Director of the White House Office, in consultation with the Interagency Task Force and other interested parties, shall prepare the annual reports for submission by the President to Congress under section 1013(d).
(5) ANALYSIS.—During development of the Strategy, preparation of the annual reports submitted under paragraph (4), and provision of advice to the President and the heads of Federal agencies, the Director of the White House Office shall place significant emphasis on the use of objective, quantitative analysis, taking into consideration any uncertainties associated with the analysis.
(c) STAFF.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the White House Office shall employ a professional staff, including the staff appointed under paragraph (2), of not more than 25 individuals to carry out the duties of the White House Office.
(2) Intergovernmental personnel and fellowships.—The Director of the White House Office may use the authority provided by the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.) and subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, and fellowships, to obtain staff from Federal agencies, academia, scientific bodies, or a National Laboratory (as that term is defined in section 1203), for appointments of a limited term.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.—
(1) Use of available appropriations.—From funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal year in which this Title is enacted, the President shall provide such sums as are necessary to carry out the duties of the White House Office under this title until the date on which funds are made available under paragraph (2).
(2) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Executive Office of the President to carry out the duties of the White House Office under this subtitle, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available through September 30, 2011.
(e) Interagency Task Force.—
(1) In general.—The Director of the White House Office shall establish the Interagency Task Force.
(2) Composition.—The Interagency Task Force shall be composed of—
(A) the Director off the White House Office, who shall serve as Chair;
(B) the Secretary of State;
(C) the Secretary of Energy;
(D) the Secretary of Commerce;
(E) the Secretary of Transportation;
(F) the Secretary of Agriculture;
(G) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;
(H) the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers;
(I) the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality;
(J) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(K) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and
(L) the heads of such other Federal agencies as the President considers appropriate.
(3) Strategy.—
(A) In general.—The Interagency Task Force shall serve as the primary forum through which the Federal agencies represented on the Interagency Task Force jointly assist the Director of the White House Office in—
(i) developing and updating the Strategy; and
(ii) preparing annual reports under section 1013(d).
(B) Required elements.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Interagency Task Force shall—
(i) take into account the long-term goal and other requirements of the Strategy specified in section 1013(a);
(A) manage an energy technology research and development program that directly supports the Strategy by—
(i) focusing on high-risk, bold, breakthrough technologies that—
(I) have significant promise of contributing to the long-term goal of the Strategy by—
(aa) mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases;
(bb) removing and sequestering greenhouse gases from emission streams; or
(cc) removing and sequestering greenhouse gases from the atmosphere;
(II) are not being addressed significantly by other Federal programs; and
(III) would represent a substantial advance beyond technology available on the date of enactment of this subtitle;
(ii) forging fundamentally new research and development partnerships among various Department, other Federal, and State programs, particularly between basic science and energy technology programs, in cases in which such partnerships have significant potential to affect the ability of the United States to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy at the lowest possible cost;
(iii) forging international research and development partnerships that are in the interests of the United States and make progress on achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(iv) making available, through monitoring, experimentation, and analysis, data that are essential to proving the technical and economic viability of technology central to addressing climate change; and
[Page: S3058] GPO’s PDF
(v) transferring research and development programs to other program offices of the Department once such a research and development program crosses the threshold of high-risk research and moves into the realm of more conventional technology development;
(B) through active participation in the Interagency Task Force and utilization of the analytical capabilities of the Department Office, share analyses of alternative climate change strategies with other agencies represented on the Interagency Task Force to assist them in understanding—
(i) the scale of the climate change challenge; and
(ii) how actions of the Federal agencies on the Interagency Task Force postively or negatively contribute to climate change solutions;
(C) provide analytical support to the White House Office, particularly in support of the development of the Strategy and associated progress reporting;
(D) foster the development of tools, data, and capabilities to ensure that—
(i) the United States has a robust capability for evaluating alternative climate change response scenarios; and
(ii) the Department Office provides long-term analytical continuity during the terms of service of successive Presidents.
(E) identify the total contribution of all Department programs to the Strategy; and
(F) advise the Secretary on all aspects of climate change-related issues, including necessary changes in Department organization, management, budgeting, and personnel allocation in the programs involved in climate change response-related activities.
(3) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Department Office shall prepare an annual report for submission by the Secretary to Congress and the White House Office that—
(A) assesses progress toward meeting the goals of the energy technology research and development program described in this section;
(B) assesses the activities of the Department Office;
(C) assesses the contributions of all energy technology research and development programs of the Department (including science programs) to the long-term goal and other requirements of the Strategy; and
(D) make recommendations for actions by the Department and other Federal agencies to address the components of technology development that are necessary to support the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall be headed by a Director, who shall be a qualified individual appointed by the President, and who shall be compensated at a rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) REPORTING.—The Director of the Department Office shall report directly to the Under Secretary for Energy and Science.
(3) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the position of the Director of the Department Office shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment was made.
(c) INTERGOVERNMENTAL PERSONNEL.—The Department Office may use the authority provided by the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.), subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, and other Departmental personnel authorities, to obtain staff for appointments of a limited term.
(d) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS.—Each project carried out by the Department Office shall be—
(1) initiated only after consultation with 1 or more other appropriate program offices of the Department that support research and development in the areas relating to the project;
(2) managed by the Department Office; and
(3) in the case of a project that reaches a sufficient level of maturity, with the concurrence of the Department Office and the appropriate office described in paragraph (1), transferred to the appropriate office, along with the funds necessary to continue the project to the point at which non-Federal funding can provide substantial support for the project.
(e) COLLABORATION AND COST SHARING.—
(1) WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Projects supported by the Department Office may include participation of, and be supported by, other Federal agencies that have a role in the development, commercialization, or transfer of energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, or other change-related technology.
(2) WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 1403, the Department Office shall create an operating model that allows for collaboration, division of effort, and cost sharing with industry on individual climate change response projects.
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Although cost sharing in some cases may be appropriate, the Department Office shall focus on long-term high-risk research and development and should not make industrial partnerships or cost sharing a requirement, if such a requirement would bias the activities of the Department Office toward incremental innovations.
(C) REEVALUATION ON TRANSFER.—At such time as any bold, breakthrough research and development program reaches a sufficient level of technological maturity such that the program is transferred to a program office of the Department other than the Department Office, the cost-sharing requirements and criteria applicable to the program shall be reevaluated.
(D) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—Each cost-sharing agreement entered into under this paragraph shall be published in the Federal Register.
(f) ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall foster the development and application of advanced computational tools, data, and capabilities that, together with the capabilities of other federal agencies, support integrated assessment of alternative climate change response scenarios and implementation of the Strategy.
(2) PROGRAMS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall—
(i) develop and maintain core analytical competencies and complex, integrated computational modeling capabilities that, together with the capabilities of other federal agencies, are necessary to support the design and implementation of the Strategy; and
(ii) track United States and international progress toward the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(B) INTERNATIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION MONITORING AND DATA PROGRAM.—In consultation with Federal, State, academic, scientific, private sector, nongovernmental, tribal, and international carbon capture and sequestration technology programs, the Department Office shall design and carry out an international carbon dioxide sequestration monitoring and data program to collect, analyze, and make available the technical and economic data to ascertain—
(i) whether engineered sequestration and terrestrial sequestration will be acceptable technologies from regulatory, economic, and international perspectives;
(ii) whether carbon dioxide sequestered in geological formations or ocean systems is stable and has inconsequential leakage rates on a geologic time-scale; and
(iii) the extent to which forest, agricultural, and other terrestrial systems are suitable carbon sinks.
(3) AREAS OF EXPERTISE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall develop and maintain expertise in integrated assessment, modeling, and related capabilities necessary—
(i) to understand the relationship between natural, agricultural, industrial, energy, and economic systems;
(ii) to design effective research and development programs; and
(iii) to assist with the development and implementation of the Strategy.
(B) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND DIFFUSION.—The expertise described in clause (i) shall include knowledge of technology transfer and technology diffusion in United States and foreign markets.
(4) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION.—The Department Office shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that technical and scientific knowledge relating to greenhouse gas emission reduction, avoidance, and sequestration is broadly disseminated through publications, fellowships, and training programs.
(5) ASSESSMENTS.—In a manner consistent with the Strategy, the Department shall conduct assessments of deployment of climate-friendly technology.
(6) ANALYSIS.—During development of the Strategy, annual reports submitted under subsection (a)(3), and advice to the Secretary, the Director of the Department Office shall place significant emphasis on the use of objective, quantitative analysis, taking into consideration any associated uncertainties.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPORIATIONS.—
(1) USE OF AVAILABLE APPROPRIATIONS.—From funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal year in which this subtitle is enacted, the President shall provide such sums as are necessary to carry out the duties of the Department Office under this subtitle until the date on which funds are made available under paragraph (2).
(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, to carry out the duties of the Department Office under this subtitle, $4,750,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available through September 30, 2011.
(3) ADDITONAL AMOUNTS.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this section shall be in addition to—
(A) amounts made available to carry out the United States Global Change Research Program under the Global Change Research Act of 1990 (15 U.S.C. 2921 et seq.); and
(B) amounts made available under other provisions of law for energy research and development.
SEC. 1016. ADDITIONAL OFFICES AND ACTIVITIES.
The Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of other Federal agencies may establish such offices and carry out such activities, in addition to those established or authorized by this Act, as are necessary to carry out this Act.
Subtitle C—Science and Technology Policy
SEC. 1021. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY.
Section 101(b) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601(b)) is amended—
(iv) making available, through monitoring, experimentation, and analysis, data that are essential to proving the technical and economic viability of technology central to addressing climate change; and
[Page: S3058] GPO’s PDF
(v) transferring research and development programs to other program offices of the Department once such a research and development program crosses the threshold of high-risk research and moves into the realm of more conventional technology development;
(B) through active participation in the Interagency Task Force and utilization of the analytical capabilities of the Department Office, share analyses of alternative climate change strategies with other agencies represented on the Interagency Task Force to assist them in understanding—
(i) the scale of the climate change challenge; and
(ii) how actions of the Federal agencies on the Interagency Task Force postively or negatively contribute to climate change solutions;
(C) provide analytical support to the White House Office, particularly in support of the development of the Strategy and associated progress reporting;
(D) foster the development of tools, data, and capabilities to ensure that—
(i) the United States has a robust capability for evaluating alternative climate change response scenarios; and
(ii) the Department Office provides long-term analytical continuity during the terms of service of successive Presidents.
(E) identify the total contribution of all Department programs to the Strategy; and
(F) advise the Secretary on all aspects of climate change-related issues, including necessary changes in Department organization, management, budgeting, and personnel allocation in the programs involved in climate change response-related activities.
(3) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Department Office shall prepare an annual report for submission by the Secretary to Congress and the White House Office that—
(A) assesses progress toward meeting the goals of the energy technology research and development program described in this section;
(B) assesses the activities of the Department Office;
(C) assesses the contributions of all energy technology research and development programs of the Department (including science programs) to the long-term goal and other requirements of the Strategy; and
(D) make recommendations for actions by the Department and other Federal agencies to address the components of technology development that are necessary to support the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall be headed by a Director, who shall be a qualified individual appointed by the President, and who shall be compensated at a rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) REPORTING.—The Director of the Department Office shall report directly to the Under Secretary for Energy and Science.
(3) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the position of the Director of the Department Office shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment was made.
(c) INTERGOVERNMENTAL PERSONNEL.—The Department Office may use the authority provided by the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.), subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, and other Departmental personnel authorities, to obtain staff for appointments of a limited term.
(d) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS.—Each project carried out by the Department Office shall be—
(1) initiated only after consultation with 1 or more other appropriate program offices of the Department that support research and development in the areas relating to the project;
(2) managed by the Department Office; and
(3) in the case of a project that reaches a sufficient level of maturity, with the concurrence of the Department Office and the appropriate office described in paragraph (1), transferred to the appropriate office, along with the funds necessary to continue the project to the point at which non-Federal funding can provide substantial support for the project.
(e) COLLABORATION AND COST SHARING.—
(1) WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Projects supported by the Department Office may include participation of, and be supported by, other Federal agencies that have a role in the development, commercialization, or transfer of energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, or other change-related technology.
(2) WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 1403, the Department Office shall create an operating model that allows for collaboration, division of effort, and cost sharing with industry on individual climate change response projects.
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Although cost sharing in some cases may be appropriate, the Department Office shall focus on long-term high-risk research and development and should not make industrial partnerships or cost sharing a requirement, if such a requirement would bias the activities of the Department Office toward incremental innovations.
(C) REEVALUATION ON TRANSFER.—At such time as any bold, breakthrough research and development program reaches a sufficient level of technological maturity such that the program is transferred to a program office of the Department other than the Department Office, the cost-sharing requirements and criteria applicable to the program shall be reevaluated.
(D) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—Each cost-sharing agreement entered into under this paragraph shall be published in the Federal Register.
(f) ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall foster the development and application of advanced computational tools, data, and capabilities that, together with the capabilities of other federal agencies, support integrated assessment of alternative climate change response scenarios and implementation of the Strategy.
(2) PROGRAMS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall—
(i) develop and maintain core analytical competencies and complex, integrated computational modeling capabilities that, together with the capabilities of other federal agencies, are necessary to support the design and implementation of the Strategy; and
(ii) track United States and international progress toward the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(B) INTERNATIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION MONITORING AND DATA PROGRAM.—In consultation with Federal, State, academic, scientific, private sector, nongovernmental, tribal, and international carbon capture and sequestration technology programs, the Department Office shall design and carry out an international carbon dioxide sequestration monitoring and data program to collect, analyze, and make available the technical and economic data to ascertain—
(i) whether engineered sequestration and terrestrial sequestration will be acceptable technologies from regulatory, economic, and international perspectives;
(ii) whether carbon dioxide sequestered in geological formations or ocean systems is stable and has inconsequential leakage rates on a geologic time-scale; and
(iii) the extent to which forest, agricultural, and other terrestrial systems are suitable carbon sinks.
(3) AREAS OF EXPERTISE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall develop and maintain expertise in integrated assessment, modeling, and related capabilities necessary—
(i) to understand the relationship between natural, agricultural, industrial, energy, and economic systems;
(ii) to design effective research and development programs; and
(iii) to assist with the development and implementation of the Strategy.
(B) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND DIFFUSION.—The expertise described in clause (i) shall include knowledge of technology transfer and technology diffusion in United States and foreign markets.
(4) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION.—The Department Office shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that technical and scientific knowledge relating to greenhouse gas emission reduction, avoidance, and sequestration is broadly disseminated through publications, fellowships, and training programs.
(5) ASSESSMENTS.—In a manner consistent with the Strategy, the Department shall conduct assessments of deployment of climate-friendly technology.
(6) ANALYSIS.—During development of the Strategy, annual reports submitted under subsection (a)(3), and advice to the Secretary, the Director of the Department Office shall place significant emphasis on the use of objective, quantitative analysis, taking into consideration any associated uncertainties.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPORIATIONS.—
(1) USE OF AVAILABLE APPROPRIATIONS.—From funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal year in which this subtitle is enacted, the President shall provide such sums as are necessary to carry out the duties of the Department Office under this subtitle until the date on which funds are made available under paragraph (2).
(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, to carry out the duties of the Department Office under this subtitle, $4,750,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available through September 30, 2011.
(3) ADDITONAL AMOUNTS.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this section shall be in addition to—
(A) amounts made available to carry out the United States Global Change Research Program under the Global Change Research Act of 1990 (15 U.S.C. 2921 et seq.); and
(B) amounts made available under other provisions of law for energy research and development.
SEC. 1016. ADDITIONAL OFFICES AND ACTIVITIES.
The Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of other Federal agencies may establish such offices and carry out such activities, in addition to those established or authorized by this Act, as are necessary to carry out this Act.
Subtitle C—Science and Technology Policy
SEC. 1021. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY.
Section 101(b) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601(b)) is amended—
[Page: S3059] GPO’s PDF
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (13) as paragraphs (8) through (14), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
``(7) improving efforts to understand, assess, predict, mitigate, and respond to global climate change;’’.
SEC. 1022. DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY FUNCTIONS.
(a) ADVISE PRESIDENT ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.—Section 204(b)(1) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6613(b)(1)) is amended by inserting ``global climate change’’ after ``to,’’
(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.—Section 207 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 6616) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
``(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.—In carrying out this Act, the Director shall advise the Director of the Office of National Climate Change Policy on matters concerning science and technology as they relate to global climate change.’’.
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions
SEC. 1031. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR REGULATORY REVIEW.
In each case that an agency prepares and submits a Statement of Energy Effects pursuant to Executive Order 13211 of May 18, 2001 (relating to actions concerning regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, or use), the agency shall also submit an estimate of the change in net annual greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the proposed significant energy action and any reasonable alternatives to the action.
SEC. 1032. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM FEDERAL FACILITIES.
(a) METHODOLOGY.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall publish a jointly developed methodology for preparing estimates of annual net greenhouse gas emissions from all Federally owned, leased, or operated facilities and emission sources, including stationary, mobile, and indirect emissions as may be determined to be feasible.
(b) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall publish an estimate of annual net greenhouse gas emissions from all Federally owned, leased, or operated facilities and emission sources, using the methodology published under subsection (a).
—
SA 3233. Mr. DAYTON (for himself, Mr. WELLSTONE, Mr. FEINGOLD, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. WYDEN, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. JEFFORDS, and Mr. DURBIN) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed to amendment SA 2917 proposed by Mr. DASCHLE (for himself and Mr. BINGAMAN) to the bill (S. 517 to authorize funding the Department of Energy to enhance its mission areas through technology transfer and partnerships for fiscal years 2002 through 2006, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
Beginning on page 28 strike line 17 and all that follows through page 36, line 4, and insert the following:
SEC. 2. ELECTRIC UTILITY MERGER PROVISIONS.
Section 203(a) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824b(a)) (as amended by section 202) is amended by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
``(4) APPROVAL.—
``(A) IN GENERAL.—After notice and opportunity for hearing, if the Commission finds that the proposed transaction will serve the public interest, the Commission shall approve the transaction.
``(B) MINIMUM REQUIRED FINDINGS.—In making the finding under subparagraph (A) with respect to proposed transaction, the Commission shall at a minimum, find that the proposed transaction will—
``(i)(I) enhance competition in wholesale electricity markets; and
``(II) if a State commission requests the Commission to consider the effect of the proposed transaction on competition in retail electricity markets, enhance competition in retain electricity markets;
``(ii) produce significant gains in operational and economic efficiency;
``(iii) include employee protective arrangements, as defined in Sec. 222 of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2002, that the Commission concludes will fairly and equitably protect the interests of employees affected by the proposed transaction; and
``(iv) result in a corporate and capital structure that facilities effective regulatory oversight.’’.
SEC. 2. WHOLESALE MARKETS AND MARKET POWER.
(a) RULES AND PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COMPETITIVE WHOLESALE MARKETS;
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 205 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824d) is amended by adding at the end the following:
(g) RULES AND PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COMPETITIVE WHOLESALE MARKETS.—
``(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Commission shall adopt such rules and procedures as the commission determines are necessary to define and determine the conditions necessary—
``(A) to maintain competitive wholesale markets;
``(B) to effectively monitor market conditions and trends;
``(C) to prevent the abuse of market power and market manipulation;
``(D) to protect the public interests; and
``(E) to ensure the maintenance of just and reasonable wholesale rates.
``(2) CONDITIONS ON GRANTS OF AUTHORITY.—The Commission shall—
``(A) ensure that any grant of authority by the Commission to a public utility to charge market-based rates for any sale of electric energy subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission is consistent with the rules and procedures adopted by the Commission under paragraph (1); and
``(B) establish and impose applicable to a public utility that—
``(i) violates a rule or procedures adopted under paragraph (1); or
``(ii) by any other means uses a grant of authority to exercise market power or manipulate the market.
``(3) NO LIMITATION ON FEDERAL ANTITRUST REMEDIES.—The filing with the Commission of a request or authorization to charge market-based rates, and the acceptance or approval by the Commission of such a request, shall not affect the availability of any remedy under Federal antitrust law with respect to any rate, charge, or service that is subject to the authorization.’’.
``(2) INEFFFECTIVENESS OF OTHER PROVISION.—
Section 203 of this Act (relating to market-based rates) shall be of no effect.
``(b) REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR MARKET POWER.—
Part II of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824 et seq.) (as amended by Section 209) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 218 REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR MARKET POWER.
``(a) Definition of Market Power.—In this section, the term `market power’ with respect to public utility, means the ability of the public utility to maintain energy prices above competitive levels.
``(b) Commission Jurisdictional Sales.—If the Commission, on receipt of a complaint by any person or on a motion of the Commission, determines that there exist markets for any service or use of a facility subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under this Act in which a public utility has exercised market power, the Commission, in accordance with this Act, shall issue such orders as are necessary to mitigate and remedy the adverse competitive effects of the market power exercised.’’.
Subtitle B—Amendments to the Public Utility Holding Company Act
SEC. 221. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the ``Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2002’’.
SEC. 222. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Affiliate.—The term ``affiliate’’ of a company means any company, 5 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, directly or indirectly, by such company.
(2) Associate company.—The term ``associate company’’ of a company means any company in the same holding company system with such company.
(3) Commission. The term ``Commission’’ means the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.—
(4) Company.—The term ``company’’ means a corporation, partnership, association, joint stock company, business trust, or any organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, or a receiver, trustee, or other liquidating agent of any of the foregoing.
(5) Electric utility company.—The term ``electric utility company’’ means any company that owns or operates facilities used for the generation, transmission, or distribution of electric energy for sale.
(6) Employee protective arrangement.—The term ``employee protective arrangement’’ means a provision that may be necessary for—
(A) the preservation of rights, privileges, and benefits (including continuation of pension rights and benefits) under existing collective bargaining agreements or otherwise;
(B) the continuation of collective bargaining rights;
(C) the protection of individual employees against a worsening of their positions related to employment;
(D) assurances of employment to employees of acquired companies;
(E) assurances of priority of reemployment of employees whose employment is ended or who are laid off; and
(F) paid training or retraining programs.
(7) Exempt wholesale generator and foreign utility company.—The terms ``exempt wholesale generator’’ and ``foreign utility company’’ have the same meaning as in sections 32 and 33, respectively, of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (15 U.S.C. 79z-5a, 79z-5B), as those sections existed on the day before the effective date of this subtitle.
(8) Gas utility company.—The term ``gas utility company’’ means any company that owns or operates facilities used for distribution at retail (other than the distribution only in enclosed portable containers or distribution to tenants or employees of the
Section 101(b) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601(b)) is amended—
[Page: S3059] GPO’s PDF
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (13) as paragraphs (8) through (14), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
``(7) improving efforts to understand, assess, predict, mitigate, and respond to global climate change;’’.
SEC. 1022. DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY FUNCTIONS.
(a) ADVISE PRESIDENT ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.—Section 204(b)(1) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6613(b)(1)) is amended by inserting ``global climate change’’ after ``to,’’
(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.—Section 207 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 6616) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
``(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.—In carrying out this Act, the Director shall advise the Director of the Office of National Climate Change Policy on matters concerning science and technology as they relate to global climate change.’’.
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions
SEC. 1031. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR REGULATORY REVIEW.
In each case that an agency prepares and submits a Statement of Energy Effects pursuant to Executive Order 13211 of May 18, 2001 (relating to actions concerning regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, or use), the agency shall also submit an estimate of the change in net annual greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the proposed significant energy action and any reasonable alternatives to the action.
SEC. 1032. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM FEDERAL FACILITIES.
(a) METHODOLOGY.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall publish a jointly developed methodology for preparing estimates of annual net greenhouse gas emissions from all Federally owned, leased, or operated facilities and emission sources, including stationary, mobile, and indirect emissions as may be determined to be feasible.
(b) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall publish an estimate of annual net greenhouse gas emissions from all Federally owned, leased, or operated facilities and emission sources, using the methodology published under subsection (a).
Fred’s real take on Global Warming PING
See post 138
Ah yes. The stinky UNFCCC that was produced at an Earth Summit to reducing emissions of greenhouse gas. My bump thread I had on the Earth Summit was pulled as a conspiracy theory. Funny, it was all hard sourced. Odd how all these conspiracy theories keep cropping up again.
This was an interesting boondoggle. These odd treaties keep getting split up in such a way that once you are in part of it, for some reason you can't back out. Carter put us in this under the Annex 1 section before he left office. Then, during Bush 1, Annex 2 went to the senate, who put us in the rest of the way because it was a Treaty. Much like LOST is being forced on us too.
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