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0:00 · most of us are familiar with the
0:01 · eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad79 which
0:04 · buried the Roman cities of Pompei
0:06 · herculanum and others under a thick
0:08 · layer of Ash and pmus but did you know
0:11 · that this was not the first time that
0:12 · Vesuvius unleashed its fury on the
0:14 · surrounding
0:15 · settlements long before Pompei a
0:18 · volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius
0:20 · buried arriola a Bronze Age Village in
0:22 · Italy in the same way it did to Pompei
0:25 · afragola was a thriving village located
0:27 · on the campanion plane about 10 mi from
0:29 · the volcano it was part of a complex
0:32 · network of settlements that flourished
0:34 · during the early Bronze Age around 4,000
0:36 · years ago the villagers lived in
0:38 · horseshoe shaped buildings made of wood
0:40 · and clay and practiced agriculture
0:42 · animal husbandry and pottery making they
0:45 · also traded with other communities along
0:47 · the coast and Inland but the peaceful
0:49 · life came to an abrupt end when Vesuvius
0:51 · erupted around 1995 BC in what is known
0:54 · as the avalino eruption this eruption
0:57 · was one of the largest and most
0:58 · catastrophic events of the vvus with an
1:00 · estimated volcanic explosivity index or
1:03 · VII of six this is equal to or
1:06 · potentially more devastating than the
1:08 · well-known eruption of 79 ad which also
1:10 · had a VII of around six the volcanic
1:13 · explosivity index is a scale that
1:15 · describes the size of explosive volcanic
1:17 · eruptions based on magnitude and
1:19 · intensity and ranges from 0 to 8 is a
1:21 · logarithmic
1:22 · scale the avalino eruption lasted for at
1:25 · least 3 hours and produced two massive
1:27 · plumes of Ash and gas that reached up to
1:29 · 31 km or 102,000 ft High the eruption
1:33 · also ejected huge amounts of pomus a
1:36 · light and porous volcanic rock that
1:37 · covered the region in a thick layer the
1:40 · pomus deposits known as the avalino
1:42 · pomus or pomi avalino in Italian are
1:45 · still visible today in some areas
1:47 · especially in the town of avalino which
1:48 · gave them their name the first phase of
1:51 · the eruption sent Dey mainly to the
1:52 · Northeast giving the Villages of
1:54 · afragola some time to escape there are
1:57 · no human remains found at the site but
1:59 · there are footprint of adults and
2:00 · children fleeing the area the second
2:03 · phase of the eruption brought Ash and
2:04 · water which covered the village in a
2:06 · thick layer of mud and Volcanic material
2:09 · this preserved the site in remarkable
2:11 · detail as the Ashen mud replaced the
2:13 · molecules of plant and animal remains
2:15 · creating perfect casts that lasted for
2:17 · Millennia the site of afragola was
2:20 · discovered in 2004 during the
2:21 · construction of a high-speed train near
2:24 · Naples since then archaeologists have
2:26 · excavated an area of 5,000 square m or
2:29 · 4,000 square ft making it one of the
2:32 · most extensively investigated sites of
2:34 · the early Bronze Age in Italy recently
2:37 · they have uncovered the remains of
2:38 · buildings ovens Pottery tools and
2:41 · ornaments as well as a large Warehouse
2:42 · where the villagers stored their crops
2:44 · and fruits the horseshoe-shaped
2:46 · buildings were typical of the early
2:48 · Bronze Age architecture in southern
2:50 · Italy they had a circular or oval plan
2:52 · with a central half and a single
2:54 · entrance the walls were made of wooden
2:57 · poles and wle and orb and the roofs were
2:59 · thatched
3:00 · the buildings were arranged in clusters
3:02 · separated by open spaces and paths some
3:05 · of the buildings were used for domestic
3:07 · purposes While others were workshops or
3:09 · storage facilities the ovens were used
3:12 · for baking bread and other Foods as well
3:13 · as for firing Pottery they were made of
3:16 · clay and stone and had a dome-shaped
3:18 · structure with a hole on the top and a
3:19 · vent on the side the pottery found at
3:22 · the site was mostly coarse and plain but
3:24 · some pieces had decorations of geometric
3:26 · patterns or animal motifs the pottery
3:29 · was used for cooking serving and storing
3:31 · food and liquids as well as for ritual
3:34 · purposes the plant remains also shed
3:36 · light on the environment and also the
3:38 · climate of the campanion plane where
3:39 · afragola was situated in the Bronze Age
3:42 · the plane was a fertile and diverse
3:44 · landscape with forests fields and
3:47 · wetlands the climate was warmer and
3:49 · wetter than today allowing the growth of
3:51 · plants that are now extinct or rare in
3:53 · the region the eruption of Vesuvius
3:55 · however changed the climate for many
3:57 · years afterward Cooling and drying the
3:59 · the atmosphere and altering the
4:00 · vegetation and Wildlife the study of the
4:03 · plant remains also reveals the season of
4:05 · the eruption by analyzing the ripeness
4:08 · of the fruits researchers have concluded
4:10 · that afragola was buried and abandoned
4:12 · on a fateful fall day which was around
4:14 · late September or early October but
4:17 · afragola was not the only victim of vvus
4:20 · the volcano has erupted more than 50
4:22 · times since the Bronze Age with varying
4:24 · degrees of intensity and impact some of
4:26 · the most notable eruptions include the
4:28 · eruption of 200 3 ad which was witnessed
4:31 · by the Roman historian casassus Dio he
4:34 · described the eruption as a great fire
4:36 · that filled the sky and a rain of Ashes
4:38 · that covered the land he also reported
4:41 · that many people died from the
4:42 · suffocating fumes in the Falling Rocks
4:45 · the eruption of 472 ad was also one of
4:48 · the largest and most explosive eruptions
4:50 · of
4:51 · Vesuvius it ejected about 4 cubic kilm
4:54 · or 1 cubic mile of Ash and pmus in about
4:56 · 19 hours forming a plume that reached up
4:58 · to 40 km or 25 M High the ash fall was
5:02 · so widespread that it was reported as
5:04 · far away as Constantinople which was
5:06 · situated around
5:07 · 1,220 km or 760 Mi away the eruption
5:12 · also caused earthquakes landslides and
5:14 · tsunamis and plunged the region Into
5:16 · Darkness for several days another famous
5:19 · eruption happened in 1631 ad which was
5:22 · the first major eruption after a long
5:24 · period of dorcy it killed about 4,000
5:27 · people and destroyed several towns and
5:29 · Villages around the volcano the eruption
5:32 · was accompanied by violent thunderstorms
5:34 · lightning and hail and produced lava
5:36 · flows pirate clastic flows and mud flows
5:39 · the eruption also affected the climate
5:41 · of Europe causing cold and wet weather
5:43 · for several years the eruption of 1944
5:47 · ad was the last eruption of vvus to date
5:50 · it occurred during World War II and
5:52 · damaged or destroyed several military
5:54 · and civilian buildings including a US
5:56 · Army Air Force Base the te and hot ash
5:59 · from multiple days of the eruption
6:01 · damaged the fabric control surfaces the
6:03 · engines the plexiglass wind screens and
6:06 · the gun turrets of the 340th sb25
6:09 · Mitchell medium bombers estimates ranged
6:12 · from 78 to 88 aircraft destroyed while
6:15 · Vesuvius claimed no military fatalities
6:17 · during the 1944 eruption 26 Italian
6:20 · civilians were killed and nearly 12,000
6:23 · were displaced most died near Salerno
6:26 · where heavy Ash Fall collapsed roofs
6:28 · since then no activity has been observed
6:30 · from Vesuvius except for several flank
6:32 · collapses inside the Caldera that have
6:34 · raised false alarms of an impending
6:36 · eruption Vesuvius is still an active and
6:39 · dangerous volcano with a population of
6:41 · about 3 million people living in its
6:43 · vicinity it is monitored by The vus
6:45 · Observatory which was established in
6:47 · 1841 as the first volcanological
6:50 · observatory in the world the observatory
6:52 · uses various instruments and methods to
6:54 · detect signs of volcanic activity such
6:56 · as seismicity deformation gas emiss ions
6:59 · and temperature changes the observatory
7:02 · also provides information and education
7:04 · to the public and the authorities and
7:06 · prepares contingency plans and
7:07 · evacuation routes in case of an
7:10 · emergency Vesuvius is a fascinating and
7:12 · formidable natural phenomenon that has
7:14 · shaped the history and culture of the
7:16 · region for thousands of years the
7:18 · village of afragola also offers a unique
7:20 · window into the past offering us a
7:22 · glimpse of the life and culture of the
7:24 · people who lived there and the natural
7:25 · habitat that surrounded them as we learn
7:28 · more about the history and AR Theology
7:29 · of afragola we can better appreciate the
7:32 · legacy of this ancient Village that was
7:33 · buried long before Pompei but preserved
7:35 · for posterity by the same volcano that
7:37 · destroyed it so what do you think about
7:40 · the story of afragola and
7:42 · Vesuvius do you think Vesuvius will
7:44 · erupt again in the future if so will it
7:47 · be as destructive as the previous
7:48 · eruptions or even worse how would you
7:51 · prepare for such a scenario let us know
7:54 · your thoughts and opinions in the
7:55 · comments below and don't forget to like
7:58 · share and subscribe for more videos like
8:00 · this thank you for watching and see you
8:02 · next time

Transcript
0:00	·	most of us are familiar with the
0:01	·	eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad79 which
0:04	·	buried the Roman cities of Pompei
0:06	·	herculanum and others under a thick
0:08	·	layer of Ash and pmus but did you know
0:11	·	that this was not the first time that
0:12	·	Vesuvius unleashed its fury on the
0:14	·	surrounding
0:15	·	settlements long before Pompei a
0:18	·	volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius
0:20	·	buried arriola a Bronze Age Village in
0:22	·	Italy in the same way it did to Pompei
0:25	·	afragola was a thriving village located
0:27	·	on the campanion plane about 10 mi from
0:29	·	the volcano it was part of a complex
0:32	·	network of settlements that flourished
0:34	·	during the early Bronze Age around 4,000
0:36	·	years ago the villagers lived in
0:38	·	horseshoe shaped buildings made of wood
0:40	·	and clay and practiced agriculture
0:42	·	animal husbandry and pottery making they
0:45	·	also traded with other communities along
0:47	·	the coast and Inland but the peaceful
0:49	·	life came to an abrupt end when Vesuvius
0:51	·	erupted around 1995 BC in what is known
0:54	·	as the avalino eruption this eruption
0:57	·	was one of the largest and most
0:58	·	catastrophic events of the vvus with an
1:00	·	estimated volcanic explosivity index or
1:03	·	VII of six this is equal to or
1:06	·	potentially more devastating than the
1:08	·	well-known eruption of 79 ad which also
1:10	·	had a VII of around six the volcanic
1:13	·	explosivity index is a scale that
1:15	·	describes the size of explosive volcanic
1:17	·	eruptions based on magnitude and
1:19	·	intensity and ranges from 0 to 8 is a
1:21	·	logarithmic
1:22	·	scale the avalino eruption lasted for at
1:25	·	least 3 hours and produced two massive
1:27	·	plumes of Ash and gas that reached up to
1:29	·	31 km or 102,000 ft High the eruption
1:33	·	also ejected huge amounts of pomus a
1:36	·	light and porous volcanic rock that
1:37	·	covered the region in a thick layer the
1:40	·	pomus deposits known as the avalino
1:42	·	pomus or pomi avalino in Italian are
1:45	·	still visible today in some areas
1:47	·	especially in the town of avalino which
1:48	·	gave them their name the first phase of
1:51	·	the eruption sent Dey mainly to the
1:52	·	Northeast giving the Villages of
1:54	·	afragola some time to escape there are
1:57	·	no human remains found at the site but
1:59	·	there are footprint of adults and
2:00	·	children fleeing the area the second
2:03	·	phase of the eruption brought Ash and
2:04	·	water which covered the village in a
2:06	·	thick layer of mud and Volcanic material
2:09	·	this preserved the site in remarkable
2:11	·	detail as the Ashen mud replaced the
2:13	·	molecules of plant and animal remains
2:15	·	creating perfect casts that lasted for
2:17	·	Millennia the site of afragola was
2:20	·	discovered in 2004 during the
2:21	·	construction of a high-speed train near
2:24	·	Naples since then archaeologists have
2:26	·	excavated an area of 5,000 square m or
2:29	·	4,000 square ft making it one of the
2:32	·	most extensively investigated sites of
2:34	·	the early Bronze Age in Italy recently
2:37	·	they have uncovered the remains of
2:38	·	buildings ovens Pottery tools and
2:41	·	ornaments as well as a large Warehouse
2:42	·	where the villagers stored their crops
2:44	·	and fruits the horseshoe-shaped
2:46	·	buildings were typical of the early
2:48	·	Bronze Age architecture in southern
2:50	·	Italy they had a circular or oval plan
2:52	·	with a central half and a single
2:54	·	entrance the walls were made of wooden
2:57	·	poles and wle and orb and the roofs were
2:59	·	thatched
3:00	·	the buildings were arranged in clusters
3:02	·	separated by open spaces and paths some
3:05	·	of the buildings were used for domestic
3:07	·	purposes While others were workshops or
3:09	·	storage facilities the ovens were used
3:12	·	for baking bread and other Foods as well
3:13	·	as for firing Pottery they were made of
3:16	·	clay and stone and had a dome-shaped
3:18	·	structure with a hole on the top and a
3:19	·	vent on the side the pottery found at
3:22	·	the site was mostly coarse and plain but
3:24	·	some pieces had decorations of geometric
3:26	·	patterns or animal motifs the pottery
3:29	·	was used for cooking serving and storing
3:31	·	food and liquids as well as for ritual
3:34	·	purposes the plant remains also shed
3:36	·	light on the environment and also the
3:38	·	climate of the campanion plane where
3:39	·	afragola was situated in the Bronze Age
3:42	·	the plane was a fertile and diverse
3:44	·	landscape with forests fields and
3:47	·	wetlands the climate was warmer and
3:49	·	wetter than today allowing the growth of
3:51	·	plants that are now extinct or rare in
3:53	·	the region the eruption of Vesuvius
3:55	·	however changed the climate for many
3:57	·	years afterward Cooling and drying the
3:59	·	the atmosphere and altering the
4:00	·	vegetation and Wildlife the study of the
4:03	·	plant remains also reveals the season of
4:05	·	the eruption by analyzing the ripeness
4:08	·	of the fruits researchers have concluded
4:10	·	that afragola was buried and abandoned
4:12	·	on a fateful fall day which was around
4:14	·	late September or early October but
4:17	·	afragola was not the only victim of vvus
4:20	·	the volcano has erupted more than 50
4:22	·	times since the Bronze Age with varying
4:24	·	degrees of intensity and impact some of
4:26	·	the most notable eruptions include the
4:28	·	eruption of 200 3 ad which was witnessed
4:31	·	by the Roman historian casassus Dio he
4:34	·	described the eruption as a great fire
4:36	·	that filled the sky and a rain of Ashes
4:38	·	that covered the land he also reported
4:41	·	that many people died from the
4:42	·	suffocating fumes in the Falling Rocks
4:45	·	the eruption of 472 ad was also one of
4:48	·	the largest and most explosive eruptions
4:50	·	of
4:51	·	Vesuvius it ejected about 4 cubic kilm
4:54	·	or 1 cubic mile of Ash and pmus in about
4:56	·	19 hours forming a plume that reached up
4:58	·	to 40 km or 25 M High the ash fall was
5:02	·	so widespread that it was reported as
5:04	·	far away as Constantinople which was
5:06	·	situated around
5:07	·	1,220 km or 760 Mi away the eruption
5:12	·	also caused earthquakes landslides and
5:14	·	tsunamis and plunged the region Into
5:16	·	Darkness for several days another famous
5:19	·	eruption happened in 1631 ad which was
5:22	·	the first major eruption after a long
5:24	·	period of dorcy it killed about 4,000
5:27	·	people and destroyed several towns and
5:29	·	Villages around the volcano the eruption
5:32	·	was accompanied by violent thunderstorms
5:34	·	lightning and hail and produced lava
5:36	·	flows pirate clastic flows and mud flows
5:39	·	the eruption also affected the climate
5:41	·	of Europe causing cold and wet weather
5:43	·	for several years the eruption of 1944
5:47	·	ad was the last eruption of vvus to date
5:50	·	it occurred during World War II and
5:52	·	damaged or destroyed several military
5:54	·	and civilian buildings including a US
5:56	·	Army Air Force Base the te and hot ash
5:59	·	from multiple days of the eruption
6:01	·	damaged the fabric control surfaces the
6:03	·	engines the plexiglass wind screens and
6:06	·	the gun turrets of the 340th sb25
6:09	·	Mitchell medium bombers estimates ranged
6:12	·	from 78 to 88 aircraft destroyed while
6:15	·	Vesuvius claimed no military fatalities
6:17	·	during the 1944 eruption 26 Italian
6:20	·	civilians were killed and nearly 12,000
6:23	·	were displaced most died near Salerno
6:26	·	where heavy Ash Fall collapsed roofs
6:28	·	since then no activity has been observed
6:30	·	from Vesuvius except for several flank
6:32	·	collapses inside the Caldera that have
6:34	·	raised false alarms of an impending
6:36	·	eruption Vesuvius is still an active and
6:39	·	dangerous volcano with a population of
6:41	·	about 3 million people living in its
6:43	·	vicinity it is monitored by The vus
6:45	·	Observatory which was established in
6:47	·	1841 as the first volcanological
6:50	·	observatory in the world the observatory
6:52	·	uses various instruments and methods to
6:54	·	detect signs of volcanic activity such
6:56	·	as seismicity deformation gas emiss ions
6:59	·	and temperature changes the observatory
7:02	·	also provides information and education
7:04	·	to the public and the authorities and
7:06	·	prepares contingency plans and
7:07	·	evacuation routes in case of an
7:10	·	emergency Vesuvius is a fascinating and
7:12	·	formidable natural phenomenon that has
7:14	·	shaped the history and culture of the
7:16	·	region for thousands of years the
7:18	·	village of afragola also offers a unique
7:20	·	window into the past offering us a
7:22	·	glimpse of the life and culture of the
7:24	·	people who lived there and the natural
7:25	·	habitat that surrounded them as we learn
7:28	·	more about the history and AR Theology
7:29	·	of afragola we can better appreciate the
7:32	·	legacy of this ancient Village that was
7:33	·	buried long before Pompei but preserved
7:35	·	for posterity by the same volcano that
7:37	·	destroyed it so what do you think about
7:40	·	the story of afragola and
7:42	·	Vesuvius do you think Vesuvius will
7:44	·	erupt again in the future if so will it
7:47	·	be as destructive as the previous
7:48	·	eruptions or even worse how would you
7:51	·	prepare for such a scenario let us know
7:54	·	your thoughts and opinions in the
7:55	·	comments below and don't forget to like
7:58	·	share and subscribe for more videos like
8:00	·	this thank you for watching and see you
8:02	·	next time