Take a 2 litre plastic pop bottle. Cut it in half, where the bottom half is about 2 inches taller than the top half. Turn the top half upside down and insert into the bottom half. Pour water into the bottom half and mix the water with brown sugar and bread yeast. Wrap the bottle in paper towel, so the bed bugs have something to climb. They will not be able to climb out of the bottle once they are in. They will slide down the bottle and drown. The CO2 being produced will overcome the scent they give off when they die so other bed bugs cannot be warned about their impending doom.
Or just burn your house down.
That’s certainly another way to generate CO2 for trapping the little bug(ger)s.
Your first idea sounds like it has a lot of potential.