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Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #37
Saturday, April 2, 2005


PreColumbian, Clovis, PreClovis
Atlantis [euphemism] in Rock Lake Wisconsin
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  04/01/2005 11:55:22 AM PST · 22 replies · 221+ views


Rock Lake Research Society | April 2003 or thereafter | RLRS writers
Rock Lake may hold in its murky depths some of the answers to the identity of the " Ancient Foreigners" that the local Indian lore speaks of. Who are the people that built the 'Rock Tepees" (pyramidal stone structures) that lay beneath the waters of Rock Lake and where did they come?
 

Chemists Probe Secrets In Ancient Textile Dyes From China, Peru (GGG)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/01/2005 10:51:02 AM PST · 6 replies · 315+ views


Eureka Alert | 4-1-2005 | Ann Marie Menting/Cory Hatch
Contact: Ann Marie Menting or Cory Hatch amenting@bu.edu 617-358-1240 Boston University Boston University chemists probe secrets in ancient textile dyes from China, PeruChemists journey to Gobi region for samples, discover novel dye in textiles from Peru (Boston) -- Although searching for 3,000-year-old mummy textiles in tombs under the blazing sun of a western Chinese desert may seem more Indiana Jones than analytical chemist, two Boston University researchers recently did just that. Traveling along the ancient Silk Road in Xinjiang Province on their quest, they found the ancient fabrics ñ and hit upon a research adventure that combined chemistry, archaeology, anthropology,...
 

NUCLEAR ANALYSIS REVEALS SECRETS OF INCA BURIAL SITE
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/31/2005 11:22:06 AM PST · 24 replies · 850+ views


Oregon State | 03-22-05 | Jana Zvibleman
CORVALLIS - Researchers have applied a unique nuclear analytic technique to pottery found at an ancient burial site high in the Andes mountains, and believe that the girl buried at this site was transported more than 600 miles in a ceremonial pilgrimage - revealing some customs and rituals of the ancient Inca empire. The findings are being published by scientists from Oregon State University in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. On the highest peaks of the Andes, sacrificial burial sites have been discovered since the early 1900s. In one of them was the fully intact, frozen body of a girl...
 

The Polynesian Connection
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  03/31/2005 8:09:03 AM PST · 7 replies · 111+ views


Archaeology, Volume 58 Number 2 | March/April 2005 | Blake Edgar
They called themselves "people of the tomol" and their canoe the "house of the sea." For the Chumash people, who inhabited the southern California coast as well as several islands across the Santa Barbara Channel, the sewn-plank canoe, or tomol, anchored both their identity and economy... Some archaeologists argue that the tomol made possible the complexity of Chumash culture... What if the Chumash encountered the unchallenged masters of oceanic navigation, the Polynesians, and learned the idea from them? ...[N]ow a distinguished California archaeologist and a linguist of the Chumash languages have marshaled new evidence for a Polynesia-California connection.
 

Radiation Holds Key to Inca Riddle
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 12:15:42 AM PST · 3 replies · 403+ views


Corvallis Gazette-Times | Mary Ann Albright
An Oregon State University researcher is using modern technology to unravel the mysteries of an ancient South American culture. The Inca empire marked momentous state occasions with a ritual called capacocha. These ceremonies linked the capital of Cuzco to remote Inca provinces through the sacrifice of children and the burial of precious objects. OSU researcher Leah Minc used neutron activation analysis to identify the compositional elements of 15th century pottery found in several sacred burial sites. Establishing the artifacts' makeup allowed her to pinpoint their origins, and ultimately to better understand the capacocha. The findings were published in the March...
 

Scientists Study Anasazi Calendar
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  03/27/2005 2:32:14 PM PST · 13 replies · 652+ views


KSL-TV | 3-21-2005 | Ed Yeates
Scientists Study Anasazi Calender Mar. 21, 2005 Ed Yeates reporting Don Smith, College of Eastern Utah, San Juan branch: "I think we're becoming more aware that those people were far more familiar with astronomy, science and possibly math than we give them credit for." In a secluded ravine near Blanding, scientists and researchers gather to watch mysterious images forming right before their eyes. Although the rite of Spring, at least on our calendar, slipped in here yesterday almost unnoticed, it's literally in your face in this strange little canyon. We arrived weeks before spring equinox because people studying this place...
 

Ancient Egypt
BOOK FEATURE: The man who really found Tutankhamen (British Corporal Spy)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/31/2005 1:45:59 PM PST · 13 replies · 446+ views


Middle East Times/World peace Times | March 31, 2005 | Desmond Zwar
CAIRO, Egypt -- For the past 36 years journalist and author Desmond Zwar has shared a great secret: that it was not archaeologist Howard Carter who was responsible for the discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb, but a humble British corporal whose very presence on the site had to be kept confidential; who in the last days of the dig took a photograph that changed history. Richard Adamson was a 23-year-old spy. He had infiltrated the Wafdist Party -- dedicated to overthrowing British rule in Egypt -- and as a result 28 Egyptians were arrested in Cairo, four of them sentenced to...
 

USO Canteen FReeper Style~Ancient Egyptian Military: Fortresses, Siege Warfare~July 22, 2003
  Posted by LaDivaLoca
On News/Activism  07/22/2003 2:52:06 AM PDT · 365 replies · 417+ views


MilitaryHistory.com at the Internet | July 22, 2003 | LaDivaLoca
† † For the freedom you enjoyed yesterday... Thank the Veterans who served in The United States Armed Forces. † † Looking forward to tomorrow's freedom? Support The United States Armed Forces Today! † † ANCIENT WARFARE The oldest remaining documentation of military campaigns come from the Middle East where the Egyptians, Assyrians, Hittites, and Persians were the main combatants. Read about the rise of standing armies and how battles were fought 4000 years ago. † Continuation of Part I:Ancient Egyptian MilitaryFortresses Unless an enemy was willing to besiege a stronghold until it surrendered or could surprise its garrison...
 

Ancient Greece
Ptolemy Tilted Off His Axis (lost celestial secret found)
  Posted by Between the Lines
On News/Activism  03/30/2005 10:35:09 AM PST · 63 replies · 2,213+ views


LA Times | March 30, 2005 | John Johnson
Studying a statue of Atlas holding the sky, an American astronomer finds key evidence of what could be a major fraud in science history. In a sunlit gallery of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Italy, astronomer Brad Schaefer came face to face with an ancient statue known as the Farnese Atlas. For centuries, the 7-foot marble figure of the mythological Atlas has bent in stoic agony with a sphere of the cosmos crushing his shoulders. Carved on the sphere - one of only three celestial globes that have survived from Greco-Roman times - are figures representing 41 of the 48...
 

Ancient Rome
Herod's villa becomes outdoor museum
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/28/2005 10:31:47 AM PST · 4 replies · 354+ views


Kathimerini | 3/26/05 | Iota Sykka
A 0.45-hectare roof will be set up to protect the architectural fragments and famous mosaics at Eva in Kynouria from the elementsEnough sculptures have been excavated at Eva in Kynouria over the past 25 years to fill an entire museum. There is no museum as yet and most of the finds are in storage, but the architectural fragments and the famous mosaics, which cover 1,500 square meters, are to be protected by roofing. The Supreme Archaeological Council has decided on a roof that will cover an area of 0.45 hectares, protecting a large part of the villa of Herod Atticus...
 

Swords and Sandals (Spectacular Mosaics of the Glories of Rome Uncovered in Libya)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/27/2005 5:12:32 PM PST · 19 replies · 1,003+ views


Smithsonian Magazine | April 2005 | Vivienne Walt
In Libya, again open to U.S. travelers after more than two decades, archaeologists have uncovered spectacular mosaics of the glories of RomeHelmut Siegert returned to the coast of Libya last year to follow up on a tantalizing discovery. In September 2000, his colleague Marliese Wendowski was excavating what she thought was a large farmhouse when, 12 feet deep in the sandy soil, she came across a floor covered with a stunning glass-and-stone mosaic of an exhausted gladiator staring at a slain opponent. The discovery had come too late in that year's expedition to pursue further, so the University of Hamburg...
 

Asia
St Pete Researchers Find Tattoos On Ancient Siberian Mummies
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  03/29/2005 11:19:11 AM PST · 10 replies · 366+ views


Itar - Tass | 3-28-2005
St Pete researchers find tattoos on ancient Siberian mummies St PETERSBURG, March 28 (Itar-Tass) - Infrared photography methods, used for the first time by researchers at the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, have made it possible to discover tattoos in ancient mummies excavated in the Pazyryk mounds in the south Siberian Altai Mountains. The mounds date back to the 8th to 5th centuries BC. The discovery was made on three mummies ñ two that used to be female bodies and one male body -- that were produced by special treatment for burial ceremonies. One more male mummy was found in...
 

Ancient Europe
Kernave: Lithuaniaís ëTroyí to celebrate UNESCO heritage site listing
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/26/2005 5:12:17 PM PST · 6 replies · 256+ views


Baltic Times | 23.03.2005 | Darius James Ross
VILNIUS - Few countries are so fortunate as to have an archaeological treasure trove preserving 10 millennia of human settlement. A discovery so impressive that it bears comparison to the Greek city of Troy, which had been consigned to myth until late nineteenth-century archaeologists dug up a hill in Turkey proving its existence, and showing that a stack of eight cities had been built on top. In the 1970s, Lithuanian archaeologists began following up rumours of a magnificent ancient city, stumbling across a site about 35 km from Vilnius unscathed by war and industrial development, which many now call Lithuaniaís...
 

British Isles
Divers find Bronze Age artefacts off Devon coast
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/01/2005 11:47:03 PM PST · 3 replies · 247+ views


Telegraph (UK)
Divers have discovered a submerged hoard of Bronze Age artefacts off the Devon coast, it emerged today. The haul, found off Salcombe and believed to have come from an ancient shipwreck, is being studied at the British Museum. Some of the artefacts discovered off the Devon coast It includes swords and rapiers, an axe head, an adze, a cauldron handle and a gold bracelet, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said. The swords are among the earliest found in north-west Europe. The artefacts were found by the South West Maritime Archaeology Group (SWMAG) while diving last summer in an area...
 

Gold Love Ring is Treasure Trove (Bronze Age Artefacts Found in Wales)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 12:00:55 AM PST · 7 replies · 340+ views


BBC | Wednesday, 30 March, 2005
A collection of artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the 1600s has been declared treasure by a coroner's court in Cardiff. The items were found over the course of 18 months at various sites in the Vale of Glamorgan, south Wales. They included a gold Elizabethan ring with the inscription "Let Liking Last" on its inner rim, found near the ruins of a manor house in Llantrithyd. Five Bronze Age axe heads were also among items found by metal dectectors. The court declared seven items to be treasure, meaning it now becomes the property of the Crown and must...
 

Biology and Cryptobiology
Big Bite: New info on ice age Australian marsupial lion (neat picture)
  Posted by yankeedame
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 6:50:29 AM PST · 23 replies · 1,012+ views


News.Com.AU | April 02, 2005 | staff writer
Aussie lion beats all in bite testApril 02, 2005 From: AAP Big bite ... Thylacoleo carnifex /AAP A MARSUPIAL lion that roamed Australia during the Ice Age had the most powerful bite of any known animal in the world, living or extinct, an Australian and Canadian research team has discovered. More closely related to a wombat than an African lion, the 100 kilo marsupial lion known as Thylacoleo carnifex could out bite the sabre-toothed tiger, the bone-cracking spotted hyena and the Tasmanian Devil. The researchers compared the bite force of the marsupial lion to 38 different species, living and extinct,...
 

Catastrophism and Astronomy
BRITAIN'S PLAN TO SAVE PLANET FROM QUAKES AND ASTEROIDS...
  Posted by LoudAmericanCowboy
On News/Activism  03/29/2005 7:05:24 PM PST · 53 replies · 896+ views


The Times | 3/30/05 | Mark Henderson
March 30, 2005 Britain's plan to save planet from quakes and asteroidsBy Mark Henderson, Science Correspondent PLANS for an early warning system to protect the world against natural disasters ranging from earthquakes and tsunamis to asteroid strikes have been drawn up by the Governmentís chief scientist on the orders of the Prime Minister. A panel headed by Professor Sir David King is recommending that Britain push for a global alarm network to reduce the potential devastation of events such as the Boxing Day tsunami, The Times has learnt. The £100 million initiative, which comes as scientists predict a third...
 

Cartographers Redrawing Maps After Tsunami [Straits of Malacca 4K feet deep before, now 100 feet?]
  Posted by Mike Fieschko
On News/Activism  01/05/2005 4:20:40 PM PST · 30 replies · 3,103+ views


AP via yahoo | Jan 5, 2005 | Katherine Pfleger Shrader
Water depths in parts of the Straits of Malacca, one of the world's busiest shipping channels off the coast of Sumatra, reached about 4,000 feet before last month's tsunami. Now, reports are coming in of just 100 feet ó too dangerous for shipping, if proved true. A U.S. spy imagery agency is working around the clock to gather information, warn mariners and begin the time-consuming task of recharting altered coastlines and ports throughout the region. Officials at the Bethesda, Md.-based National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency say the efforts will take international cooperation over months, if not years. Thousands of navigational aides, such...
 

Scientists: Volcano Could Swamp U.S. with Mega-Tsunami
  Posted by ex-Texan
On News/Activism  03/29/2005 3:41:11 PM PST · 141 replies · 3,375+ views


China Daily | 3/29/2005 | Staff Writers
A wall of water up to 55 yards high crashing into the Atlantic seaboard of the United States, flattening everything in its path -- not a Hollywood movie but a dire prophecy by some British and U.S. academics. As the international community struggles to aid victims of last month's devastating tsunami in southern Asia, scientists warn an eruption of a volcano in Spain's Canary Islands could unleash a "mega-tsunami" larger than any in recorded history. Hammocks almost buried at the beach of Pajara district in Fuerteventura island (Canary Island), southern Spain. Countries all around the Atlantic rim could be hit...
 

"Super volcano" could dwarf Indonesia's earthquake catastrophes: expert
  Posted by DannyTN
On News/Activism  04/01/2005 3:01:49 PM PST · 135 replies · 2,389+ views


Yahoo News | 4/1/05 | AFP
"Super volcano" could dwarf Indonesia's earthquake catastrophes: expert Fri Apr 1,12:21 AM ET Science - AFP SYDNEY (AFP) - As Indonesians struggled to recover from the second deadly earthquake to strike them in three months, an Australian expert warned the country faced the prospect of a "super volcano" eruption that would dwarf all previous catastrophes. AFP/File Photo Professor Ray Cas of Monash University's School of Geosciences said the world's biggest super volcano was Lake Toba, on Indonesia's island of Sumatra, site of both the recent massive earthquakes. Cas told Australian media Friday that Toba sits on a faultline running down...
 

Climate
American Claims Discovery of Atlantis/Reports Point to Proof of Global Warming (sci-news)
  Posted by Turk82_1
On News/Activism  11/15/2004 9:39:40 AM PST · 12 replies · 697+ views


Yahoo News | 11/15/2004 | Yahoo
American Claims Discovery of Atlantis 2 hours, 38 minutes ago An American researcher claimed Sunday to have discovered the remains of the legendary lost city of Atlantis on the bottom of the east Mediterranean Sea, but Cyprus' chief government archaeologist was skeptical. Full Coverage Reports Point to Proof of Global Warming 2 hours, 38 minutes ago Politicians in the nation's capital have been reluctant to set limits on the carbon dioxide pollution that is expected to warm the planet by 4 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit during the next century, citing uncertainty about the severity of the threat. But that uncertainty...
 

Origins and Prehistory
Exploring The Ocean Basins With Satellite Altimeter Data
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  03/28/2005 10:10:48 AM PST · 7 replies · 118+ views



The reason that the ocean floor, especially the southern hemisphere oceans, is so poorly charted is that electromagnetic waves cannot penetrate the deep ocean (3-5 km = 2-3 mi). Instead, depths are commonly measured by timing the two-way travel time of an acoustic pulse. However because research vessels travel quite slowly (6m/s = 12 knots) it would take approximately 125 years to chart the ocean basins using the latest swath-mapping tools. To date, only a small fraction of the sea floor has been charted by ships. Fortunately, such a major mapping program is largely unnecessary because the ocean surface has...
 

Homo Sapiens:Scientist plunges into work creating deep-sea probes(300km trip on the sea bottom)
  Posted by TigerLikesRooster
On News/Activism  03/26/2005 7:23:37 AM PST · 13 replies · 252+ views


Asahi Shimbun | 03/26/05 | TOSHIHIDE UEDA
Homo Sapiens:Scientist plunges into work creating deep-sea probes 03/26/2005 By TOSHIHIDE UEDA,The Asahi Shimbun Developing a robot that can independently quarry the secrets of the deep sea is Taro Aoki's dream. For now, the closest he has come is the ``Urashima,'' an autonomous underwater vehicle developed by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture. Aoki, 57, is the program director for the Urashima, which takes its name from a traditional Japanese folk-tale character who rode a sea turtle and visited a deep-sea castle. The real Urashima is loaded with state-of-the-art technology. Cable-less and unmanned,...
 

Scientists Interrupt Search for the “Mayan Atlantis" in the Caribbean.
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism  03/30/2005 2:16:20 PM PST · 22 replies · 590+ views


Cuban Newpaper: GRANMA | November 2004 / FR Post 3-30-05 | Editorial Staff
Scientists Interrupt Search for the ìMayan Atlantis" in the Caribbean. Cuban Newpaper: GRANMA Mexico City, November 6, 2004 Forwarded by David Drewelow This story updates this prior story . - A group of scientists searching for a hypothetical ìMayan Atlantis" found a pyramid of 35 meters under the waters of the Caribbean, but it had to interrupt the mission due to technical problems, as reported by the Mexican newspaper Millenium, today. After 25 days of work in the sea, near the southwestern end of Cuba, the investigations deeper than 500 meters had to be abandoned due to problems with the...
 

Sundaland (GGG)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  03/31/2005 8:48:54 PM PST · 13 replies · 286+ views


Personal Pages | 3-31-2005
Sundaland The cradle of human civilization may well have been the prehistoric lowlands of the Southeast Asian peninsula, rather than the Middle East. Since those lowlands ësankí beneath the seas thousands of years ago (actually drowned by rising sea levels), humanity has remained unaware of their possible significance up through the early 21st century. Unaware except, that is, for a so-called myth perpetuated by a respected Greek philosopher named Plato, before 347 BC. Plato spoke of an advanced civilization named Atlantis, which sank below the seas perhaps around 9,000 BC. It may well be he wasnít so far off after...
 

Oh So Mysteriouso
Biblical-giants book soars up charts: 'The Nephilim' explains ancient pyramids
  Posted by JohnHuang2
On News/Activism  02/07/2005 11:33:38 PM PST · 114 replies · 2,838+ views


WorldNetDaily.com | Tuesday, February 8, 2005
Biblical-giants book soars up charts 'The Nephilim' explains ancient pyramids, future events Posted: February 1, 2005 1:00 a.m. Eastern © 2005 WorldNetDaily.com A unique book that purports to explain the past existence of giant beings referred to in the Bible as the Nephilim is skyrocketing up online best-sellers lists, now appearing in the top 10 at Amazon.com. Published by Xulon Press, "The Nephilim and the Pyramid of the Apocalypse" presents an explanation for an unusual verse in the first book of the Bible, Genesis 6:4, which reads: "There were giants (Nephilim) in the Earth in those days, and also after...
 

Thoroughly Modern Miscellany
Ancient Easter Pages Return To Canterbury
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  03/26/2005 3:51:05 PM PST · 4 replies · 227+ views


The Guardian (UK) | 3-26-2005 | Stephen Bates
Ancient Easter pages return to Canterbury Stephen Bates, religious affairs correspondent Saturday March 26, 2005 The Guardian (UK) A 1,000-year-old manuscript outlining readings for Holy Week has been returned to Canterbury Cathedral after five centuries, just in time for Easter. The double-page spread, called a bifolium, which was part of a devotional book owned by the cathedral in the middle ages, was recently bought for £7,000 from a London bookseller who had found it in Germany. The cathedral has two further pages from the same book, which may be all that survives. Its travels over the last 500 years are...
 

Antarctic Oil Painting Shrouded in Mystery
  Posted by nuconvert
On News/Activism  03/28/2005 8:43:46 PM PST · 48 replies · 1,128+ views


yahoo news/AP | Mar 28, 2005
Antarctic Oil Painting Shrouded in Mystery Mon Mar 28, 2005 By MATT APUZZO/ Associated Press Writer NEW HAVEN, Conn. - As art restorers in London inspected a 230-year-old painting by master landscape artist William Hodges, they noticed the canvas was thicker in some areas than others. Using an X-ray machine, they peered behind the lush greens of New Zealand and discovered the oldest known painting of Antarctica. The X-ray revealed two icebergs, painted during Captain James Cook's historic expedition below the Antarctic circle. Until the National Maritime Museum in London made the discovery last year, historians believed that only sketches...
 

'Braveheart' Sword Leaves Scotland for 1st time in 700 years (William Wallaceís sword coming to NYC)
  Posted by dead
On News/Activism  03/30/2005 1:06:55 PM PST · 175 replies · 2,757+ views


AP via Yahoo! | Wed Mar 30, 8:12 AM ET Europe - AP
LONDON - One of Scotland's national treasures, the 5-foot sword wielded by William Wallace, the rebel leader portrayed in the Academy Award-winning film "Braveheart," left its homeland for the first time in more than 700 years Wednesday. The double-handed weapon that belonged to Wallace will be the centerpiece of an exhibition at New York's Grand Central Station during Tartan Day celebrations, which begin later this week. Mick Brown a specialist remover prepares to pack William Wallace's sword at the Wallace Monument in Stirling, Scotland Wednesday March 30, 2005. The sword will leave Scotland Wednesday for the first time in more...
 

British Library set to return Benevento Missal (World War II Era Plunder)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/31/2005 11:55:26 AM PST · 6 replies · 174+ views


The Art Newspaper | Thursday, 31 March 2005 | Martin Bailey
The Benevento Missal is to be returned to Italy, as a result of a claim submitted following an investigation by The Art Newspaper. On 23 March the UKís Spoliation Advisory Panel recommended that the British Library should restitute the 12th century manuscript to Benevento cathedral. This will be the first time that a UK national institution has returned an artwork or manuscript looted during the Nazi era. A change in the law will be required, since the British Library is legally barred from deaccessioning the manuscript. The Art Newspaper heard rumours about the questionable status of the Benevento Missal in...
 

CHRISTIANS AMONG MONGOL INVADERS (of Japan)
  Posted by Destro
On Religion  03/27/2005 1:16:52 PM PST · 46 replies · 452+ views


keikyo.com
CHRISTIANS AMONG MONGOL INVADERS Seven hundred years ago, Japan faced the threat of imminent invasion by the Mongol, hordes of Kublai Khan. The entire nation was in a state of alarm and many Japanese felt there was no alternative but to surrender to the invaders . This was to be the most serious threat of aggression from abroad that Japan was to experience until World War II of the twentieth century. This attempted invasion of Japan by Mongol Invaders occurred in 1274 and again in 1281. The nomadic Mongol people, originated in the steppe lands, north of China, now called...
 

Possible Michelangelo Self-Portrait Found
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  03/27/2005 11:52:14 AM PST · 26 replies · 1,038+ views


Discovery Channel | March 18, 2005 | Rossella Lorenzi
March 18, 2005 ó A unique bas-relief, which might be the first known self-portrait of Michelangelo, has emerged from a private collection, art historians announced in Florence this week. The sculpture, a white marble round work attached to a flat piece of marble, with a diameter of 14 inches depicting a bearded man, was lent by a noble Tuscan family to the Museo Ideale in the Tuscan town of Vinci for a study on the relationship between Michelangelo and Leonardo. "The work speaks for itself: it is a very high-quality sculpture which depicts Michelangelo. The skilled chiselling on the back...
 

This Day In History March 27 1945 Germans launch last of their V-2s
  Posted by mdittmar
On General/Chat  03/27/2005 2:38:11 PM PST · 25 replies · 172+ views


The History Channel | 3/27/05 | The History Channel
On this day, in a last-ditch effort to deploy their remaining V-2 missiles against the Allies, the Germans launch their long-range rockets from their only remaining launch site, in the Netherlands. Almost 200 civilians in England and Belgium were added to the V-2 casualty toll. German scientists had been working on the development of a long-range missile since the 1930s. In October 3, 1942, victory was achieved with the successful trial launch of the V-2, a 12-ton rocket capable of carrying a one-ton warhead. The missile, fired from Peenemunde, an island off Germany's Baltic coast, traveled 118 miles in that...
 

end of digest #37 20050402


206 posted on 04/02/2005 9:18:08 AM PST by SunkenCiv (last updated my FreeRepublic profile on Friday, March 25, 2005.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 200 | View Replies ]


To: 7.62 x 51mm; 75thOVI; Adder; Androcles; albertp; asgardshill; BradyLS; Carolinamom; ...
Here's the weekly Gods Graves Glyphs ping list digest link:
Gods Graves Glyphs Digest 20050402
Please FREEPMAIL me if you want on, off, or alter the "Gods, Graves, Glyphs" PING list --
Archaeology/Anthropology/Ancient Cultures/Artifacts/Antiquities, etc.
The GGG Digest
-- Gods, Graves, Glyphs (alpha order)

207 posted on 04/02/2005 9:19:01 AM PST by SunkenCiv (last updated my FreeRepublic profile on Friday, March 25, 2005.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 206 | View Replies ]


Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #38
Saturday, April 9, 2005


Mesopotamia
French Archaeologist Solves Mystery of Ancient Mesopotamian City
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/08/2005 3:35:01 PM PDT · 7 replies · 451+ views


Turkish Press | Annick Benoist
PARIS - The mystery of an ancient Mesopotamian city has finally been lifted after 25 years of meticulous work by a French archaeologist who has revealed it was one of the first "modern cities", purpose-built in the desert for the manufacture of copper arms and tools. In a new book entitled "Mari, the Metropolis of the Euphrates", Jean-Claude Margueron said the third millennium BC city, in modern day Syria, was "one of the first modern cities of humanity. Created from scratch in one phase of construction with the specific goal of becoming this (metallurgical) centre." This was an astounding concept...
 

Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian treasure shown 16 years after discovery
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  04/06/2005 12:22:15 PM PDT · 1 reply · 128+ views


Yahoo | Tue Mar 15,11:55 AM ET | staff writer
The collection, dating back to the Greco-Roman period, features a golden diadem fronted by an image of the god Serapis and a 493-gram (one pound) necklace in the form of a snake ornamented with golden coins from the second half of the second century AD... In addition, photographs of the excavation in Dush's Kharga Oasis, some 700 kilometers (420 kilometers) south of Cairo, and of the items before and after restoration are exhibited.
 

Ancient Rome
Tiberias Dig Unearths Very Rare Marble Floor
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/08/2005 11:13:37 AM PDT · 83 replies · 1,344+ views


Haaretz | 4-8-2005 | Eli Ashkenazi
Tiberias dig unearths very rare marble floor By Eli Ashkenazi A marble floor dating from the first century CE was unearthed during this season's excavations of ancient Tiberias. According to archaeologist Professor Yizhar Hirschfeld, director of the three-week dig that ended yesterday, the floor is apparently a remnant of a pavement in the palace of Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, who ruled the Galilee from 4 BCE to 38 CE.
 

Asia
Ancient Musical Instruments Unearthed (China)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/07/2005 1:03:17 AM PDT · 11 replies · 288+ views


Xinhua | 2005-04-05
BEIJING, April 5 -- Chinese archaeologists have unearthed hundreds of ancient musical instruments from the tombs of Yue State noblemen in East China's Jiangsu Province. Among the discoveries are rare clay instruments called Fou. It was popular during China's Spring and Autumn Period, and the Warring States Period. All together, about 500 musical instruments made from clay were unearthed from the tombs. Experts consider them outstanding in both quantity and quality. This group of instruments has no documentation and scientists named them after their bell-like shape. Six snakes were carved into this one, called Juzuo, pedestals for pillars to hold...
 

Archaeologists Dig Up Ancient Casting Centre
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/06/2005 11:43:59 AM PDT · 15 replies · 343+ views


Vietnam News | 4-5-2005
Archeologists dig up ancient casting centre (05-04-2005) Story in stone: An arterfact found at Den Citadel. ó Archeologists claim to have found the countryís largest Bronze Age metallurgy centre, estimated to be 3,500 years old. The site, located at the Den Citadel in Phu My Hamlet, Tu Lap Commune, Me Linh District, in the northern province of Vinh Phuc, has yielded many discoveries which indicate that the site is the largest centre of bronze casting in Viet Nam to have been discovered so far, said Lam Thi My Dung, director of the Museum of Anthropology. Metallurgy and bronze-casting are representative...
 

Chinese, Japanese Started Prehistoric Exchanges 7,000 Years Ago: Archaeologists
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  10/11/2003 3:34:55 PM PDT · 17 replies · 136+ views


China View | 10-8-2003
Chinese, Japanese started prehistoric exchanges 7,000 years ago: Archeologists www.chinaview.cn 2003-10-08 20:56:41 Å@Å@BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Archeologists say Chinese and Japanese began prehistoric exchanges about 7,000 years ago. Å@Å@More than 200 Chinese and Japanese scholars and archaeologists convened here Saturday for a symposium themed on prehistoric culture exchange between China and Japan. They compared archeological findings in China's Xinglonggou Relics Site in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, also popularly known as "China's first primitive village", and findings in Japanese sites from the Neolithic age, about 10,000 to 4,000 years ago. Å@Å@The cultural exchanges occurred on a route from...
 

Biology and Cryptobiology
Experts: Dogs originated in ancient Asia
  Posted by presidio9
On General/Chat  02/17/2004 2:20:26 PM PST · 37 replies · 153+ views


AP | Tuesday, February 17, 2004
<p>From Yorkshire terriers the size of a teacup to Irish wolfhounds near the size of a small pony, all dogs originated from a single species, probably an East Asian wolf seeking the warmth of the human hearth and an easy meal.</p>
 

Mammoth remains unearthed in California (SoCal - Moorpark)
  Posted by NormsRevenge
On News/Activism  04/07/2005 9:28:36 PM PDT · 41 replies · 669+ views


Monterey Herald | 4/7/05 | AP
MOORPARK, Calif. - The remarkably well-preserved remnants of an estimated half-million-year-old mammoth - including both tusks - were discovered at a new housing development in Southern California. An onsite paleontologist found the remains, which include 50 percent to 70 percent of the Ice Age creature, as crews cleared away hillsides to prepare for building, Mayor Pro Tem Clint Harper said. Paleontologist Mark Roeder estimated the mammoth was about 12 feet tall, Harper said. Roeder believed it was not a pygmy or imperial mammoth, but he had not yet determined its exact type, Harper said. "It's considered a very significant find,...
 

'Sighting' Of Tasmanian Tiger Sparks L1.2m Bounty Hunt
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 5:47:25 PM PST · 22 replies · 953+ views


The Telegraph (UK) | 3-4-2005 | Anna Gizowska
'Sighting' of Tasmanian tiger sparks £1.2m bounty hunt By Anna Gizowska in Sydney (Filed: 03/04/2005) Officially, the last of their kind died out more than half a century ago, their downfall brought about because white settlers believed they had a voracious appetite for sheep. Now the Tasmanian tiger is once again the subject of a manhunt - this time to prove that the species still exists. The Tasmanian tiger was officially declared extinct in 1986 After dramatic claims by a German tourist to have seen one of the mysterious, meat-eating marsupials lurking deep in the Tasmanian wilderness, Australian magazines and...
 

Catastrophism and Astronomy
Asteroid Theory of Dinosaur Extinction Questioned
  Posted by anymouse
On News/Activism  03/01/2004 8:54:16 PM PST · 6 replies · 107+ views


Reuters | Mon Mar 1, 2004 | Maggie Fox
Scientists probing a vast crater off Mexico's Yucatan peninsula questioned a popular theory about dinosaurs on Monday, saying the collision that formed the crater happened too far back in time to have caused their extinction by itself. Much evidence points to the idea that an asteroid or comet gouged the Earth around 65 million years ago, triggering volcanic and climate changes that eventually wiped out the dinosaurs. When the huge, mostly underwater crater was found off Yucatan, it seemed the perfect candidate. "Since the early 1990s the Chicxulub crater on Yucatan, Mexico, has been hailed as the smoking gun that...
 

Eighteen Hundred And Froze To Death (The Infamous 'Year Without Summer')
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  03/12/2005 8:10:49 PM PST · 48 replies · 1,708+ views


Island Net.com | 4-7-2004 | Keith C. Heidon,PhD,ACM
Eighteen Hundred and Froze To Death The Infamous "Year Without A Summer" Of the cold summers in the period 1811 to 1817, the year 1816 has gone down in the annals of New England history as "The Year There Was No Summer," the "Poverty Year" and "Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death." The year began with a moderate but dry winter. Spring was tardy and continued very dry. The growing season from late spring to early fall, however, was punctuated by a series of devastating cold waves that did major damage to the crops and greatly reduced the food supply....
 

More Temples Pop Out of Sea-Bed (Uncovered by Tsunami)
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 5:39:19 PM PST · 27 replies · 967+ views


The State (India) | March 31
CHENNAI, March 31. ó After the excitement of discovering man made rock structures under sea off Mahabalipuram coast, the excavation team of the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) has now unearthed traces of two more temples on shore. Adjoining the Shore Temple, these findings could perhaps lend credence to legends about ëSeven Pagodas (temples)í having stood on this historic spot, once a flourishing port town under the Pallavas. 'We are presently excavating the remains of two structural temples on shore, both to the south of the Shore Temple. They appear to be similar in size to the Shore Temple. And,...
 

"Super volcano" could dwarf Indonesia's earthquake catastrophes
  Posted by AntiGuv
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 6:31:22 PM PST · 65 replies · 1,666+ views


Agence France-Presse | April 2, 2005 | AFP
SYDNEY (AFP) - As Indonesians struggled to recover from the second deadly earthquake to strike them in three months, an Australian expert warned the country faced the prospect of a "super volcano" eruption that would dwarf all previous catastrophes. Professor Ray Cas of Monash University's School of Geosciences said the world's biggest super volcano was Lake Toba, on Indonesia's island of Sumatra, site of both the recent massive earthquakes. Cas told Australian media Friday that Toba sits on a faultline running down the middle of Sumatra -- just where some seismologists say a third earthquake might strike following the 9.0...
 

Climate
Years Were Longer 1.3bln Years ago: Chinese Scientists
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism  07/22/2003 7:21:52 PM PDT · 23 replies · 192+ views


The Peoples Daily - Science Edition | 7-22-2003 FR Post | Editorial Staff
Years Were Longer 1.3bln Years ago: Chinese ScientistsPeople who complain that there aren't enough hours in the day might have preferred to live 1.3 billion years ago. At that time, according to the latest research by a group of Chinese scientists, there were 15 hours in one day, 42 days in a month, and 13 to 14 months, or more than 540 days, in a year. The finding was obtained through a five-year systematic study of stromatolite samples, known as "stone with memory", by several researchers with the Tianjin geology and minerals research institute under the China Geological Survey...
 

Biggest iceberg threat to penguins, scientists(Global Warming Of Course)
  Posted by Graybeard58
On News/Activism  12/17/2004 2:35:26 PM PST · 48 replies · 1,166+ views


Waterbury Republican-American | December 17, 2004 | Associated Press
WELLINGTON, New Zealand -- A remnant of the largest iceberg ever recorded is blocking Antarctica's McMurdo Sound, threatening tens of thousands of penguin chicks with starvation and cutting off a supply route for three science stations, according to a New Zealand official. The iceberg, known as B15A, measures about 1,200 square miles, said Lou Sanson, chief executive of the government scientific agency Antarctica New Zealand. He called it "the largest floating thing on the planet right now" and said U.S. researchers estimate it contains enough water to supply Egypt's Nile River complex for 80 years. It is so big it...
 

World's Biggest Iceberg Begins Moving
  Posted by Ernest_at_the_Beach
On News/Activism  04/05/2005 1:32:23 AM PDT · 18 replies · 1,033+ views


Las Vegas Sun | April 03, 2005 | ASSOCIATED PRESS
7 WELLINGTON, New Zealand The world's biggest iceberg has begun moving nearly three months after it stopped its slow float toward colliding with a huge Antarctic ice tongue, New Zealand officials said Monday. Known as B15A, the giant iceberg, a remnant of a Ross Ice Shelf fracture in 2000, is now moving slowly northward out of McMurdo Sound, where it had been blocking sea access, Antarctica New Zealand chief executive Lou Sanson said. He said the iceberg is moving just over a half-mile a day. Earlier, B15A, which is 1,200 square miles and contains enough water to feed the River...
 

Let's Have Jerusalem!
Nefertiti's 'Love Affair' With Moses to Hit the Silver Screen
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/08/2005 4:21:11 PM PDT · 150 replies · 1,731+ views


Yahoo News! | Fri Apr 8
CAIRO (AFP) - A Hollywood flick on an alleged love affair between pharaonic Queen Nefertiti and the Biblical Prophet Moses is soon to begin shooting in Egypt, renowned British producer John Heyman has revealed to AFP. "Nefertiti married perhaps one of the first monotheists in history and the film will tell their story, which logically enough should be set in Egypt" said Heyman on a brief visit to Cairo. "One can find in the Old Testament that Moses and Nefertiti had a relationship," he added. The movie will also deal "with the return to the worship of the sun god,"...
 

Rabbinate Recognizes Bnei Menashe as 'Descendants of Israel"
  Posted by SJackson
On News/Activism  03/31/2005 9:05:10 AM PST · 25 replies · 585+ views


Arutz Sheva | 3-31-05
Rabbinate Recognizes Bnei Menashe as 'Descendants of Israel" 16:47 Mar 31, '05 / 20 Adar 5765 In a historic decision, Sephardic Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar has decided to formally recognize the Bnei Menashe community of northeastern India as 'descendants of Israel.' The Chief Rabbinate has also agreed to send a beit din (rabbinical court) on its behalf to the region to formally convert them to Judaism. The Bnei Menashe claim descent from the tribe of Menashe, one of the ten tribes exiled from the Land of Israel by the Assyrian empire over 2,700 years ago. They reside primarily in...
 

Origins and Prehistory
Archaeologist Finds 'Oldest Porn Statue' (7,200 Years Old)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/04/2005 1:22:11 PM PDT · 101 replies · 2,914+ views


The Guardian (UK) | 4-4-2005 | Krysia Diver
Archaeologist finds 'oldest porn statue' Krysia Diver in Stuttgart Monday April 4, 2005 The Guardian (UK) Stone-age figurines depicting what could be the oldest pornographic scene in the world have been unearthed in Germany. Archaeologists have discovered what they believe to be the 7,200-year-old remnants of a man having intercourse with a woman. The extraordinary find, at an archaeological dig in Saxony, shatters the belief that sex was a taboo subject in that era. Until now, the oldest representations of sexual scenes were frescos from about 2,000 years ago. Harald St‰uble of the Archaeological Institute of Saxony, based in Dresden,...
 

Cross-cultural estimation of the human generation interval...
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  04/03/2005 9:14:19 PM PDT · 5 replies · 72+ views


American Journal of Physical Anthropology (via Wiley InterScience) | Received: 28 March 2004; Accepted: 25 August 2004 | Jack N. Fenner
...for use in genetics-based population divergence studies. Abstract: The length of the human generation interval is a key parameter when using genetics to date population divergence events. However, no consensus exists regarding the generation interval length, and a wide variety of interval lengths have been used in recent studies. This makes comparison between studies difficult, and questions the accuracy of divergence date estimations. Recent genealogy-based research suggests that the male generation interval is substantially longer than the female interval, and that both are greater than the values commonly used in genetics studies. This study evaluates each of these hypotheses in...
 

Infectious Evolution: Ancient Virus Hit Apes, Not Our Ancestors, In The Genes
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/02/2005 11:48:39 AM PST · 34 replies · 762+ views


Science News | 3-5-2005 (issue) | Bruce Bower
Infectious Evolution: Ancient virus hit apes, not our ancestors, in the genesMarch 5 Bruce Bower A vicious virus infected ancestral chimpanzees and gorillas in Africa between 4 million and 3 million years ago. Not only did it kill a great many of these primates, but it also infiltrated the surviving animals' genomes, altering the course of evolution. That's the picture emerging from a new analysis of modern-primate DNA. Around 1.5 million years ago, this virus of the class called retroviruses also infected ancestors of modern baboons and macaques, two African monkeys, reports geneticist Evan E. Eichler of the University of...
 

Evidence for the Orangutan Relationship
  Posted by SunkenCiv
On General/Chat  04/03/2005 9:23:58 PM PDT · 14 replies · 159+ views


Buffalo Museum of Science | circa 2003 | Dr. Jeffrey Schwartz (et al)
Evidence for the orangutan being the closest living relative of modern humans is based on at least 35 known characters that appear to be either exclusive to humans and orangutans or largely absent in outgroups.
 

Hunt for ancient human molecules (Amazing Story!)
  Posted by vannrox
On News/Activism  02/16/2004 4:34:29 PM PST · 57 replies · 109+ views


BBC | Published: 2004/02/16 22:21:33 GMT | By Richard Black
Hunt for ancient human molecules By Richard Black BBC science correspondent in Seattle New technologies may soon allow scientists to identify some of the genes of humankind's oldest ancestors. This raises the possibility of plotting the evolutionary tree of humanity from five million years ago to the present. Professor Hendrik Poinar says DNA fragments should be recoverable from fossils that are a million years old, and proteins from even older times. His comments came at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in Seattle. Professor Poinar, from McMaster University in Canada, said the key was to...
 

Life goes on without 'vital' DNA
  Posted by Michael_Michaelangelo
On News/Activism  06/04/2004 8:08:18 AM PDT · 158 replies · 132+ views


New Scientist | 6/4/04 | Sylvia Pag·n Westphal
It is not often that the audience at a scientific meeting gasps in amazement during a talk. But that is what happened recently when researchers revealed that they had deleted huge chunks of the genome of mice without it making any discernable difference to the animals. The result is totally unexpected because the deleted sequences included so-called "conserved regions" thought to have important functions. All DNA tends to acquire random mutations, but if these occur in a region that has an important function, individuals will not survive. Key sequences should thus remain virtually unchanged, even between species. So by comparing...
 

Israeli Site Yields 750,000 Year Old Fire Evidence
  Posted by me_newswire
On News/Activism  04/29/2004 1:32:24 PM PDT · 54 replies · 159+ views


AP-via Duluth-News Tribune | April 29, 2004 | Randolf E Schimd
WASHINGTON - More than three-quarters of a million years ago, early humans gathered around a campfire near an ancient lake in what is now Israel, making tools and perhaps cooking food, in the earliest evidence yet found of the use of fire in Europe or Asia. Researchers have found evidence that these early people hunted and processed meat and used fire at a site called Gesher Benot Ya'aqov in the northern Dead Sea valley. Developing the ability to use fire "surely led to dramatic changes in their behavior connected with diet, defense and social interaction," said lead researcher Naama Goren-Inbar...
 

Fossil Apparently Human Ancestor
  Posted by Vaquero
On News/Activism  04/06/2005 10:43:45 AM PDT · 46 replies · 898+ views


AP/Yahoo | 04/06/05 | By MALCOLM RITTER
Experts: Fossil Apparently Human Ancestor 20 minutes ago Science - AP By MALCOLM RITTER, AP Science Writer New fossil finds and a computer skull reconstruction bolster the case that an ancient creature that grabbed headlines in 2002 really is the earliest known ancestor of modern humans, researchers say.
 

'Old Man Of Chad' Confirmed As First Hominid
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/06/2005 5:37:59 PM PDT · 42 replies · 546+ views


The Telegraph (UK) | 4-7-2005
'Old man of Chad' confirmed as first hominid (Filed: 07/04/2005) New evidence shows that a seven-million-year old skull found in the African desert belonged to one of man's earliest ancestors, reports Roger Highfield A squashed, fractured and twisted skull, which has been at the centre of controversy for three years, has been confirmed as the oldest known member of mankind. The skull, between six and seven million years old, was found in the Djurab desert of northern Chad in 2002. Sahelanthropus tchadensis was described variously as "a turning point", "a small nuclear bomb" and "the most important fossil discovery in...
 

PreColumbian, Clovis, PreClovis
Another Bone Of Contention Over Kennewick Man (John McCain)
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/06/2005 11:02:33 AM PDT · 37 replies · 745+ views


Seattle Times | 3-5-2005 | Kate Riley
Tuesday, April 5, 2005 - Page updated at 01:17 p.m Kate Riley / Times staff columnist Another bone of contention over Kennewick Man Kennewick Man is poised to tell his secrets. Almost nine years after the 9,300-year-old remains were found on the banks of the Columbia River and a fierce legal battle, federal courts agreed unequivocally scientists should be able to study Kennewick Man. However, U.S. Sen. John McCain has colluded with those who want to stifle the stories of similar old bones and the light they can shed on the earliest Americans and where they came from. The Arizona...
 

Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Was Agnes Sorel, The First Official Royal Mistress Of France, Poisoned?
  Posted by blam
On News/Activism  04/05/2005 12:03:22 PM PDT · 44 replies · 734+ views


ESRF | 3-2-2005
Was AgnËs Sorel, the first official royal mistress of France, poisoned? Grenoble (France), 2 April 2005 - The ESRF has gone back in time to study the reason behind the sudden death of the beautiful mistress of French king Charles VII, in the XV century. Thanks to synchrotron light, pieces of AgnËs Sorel's hair and skin have been studied. The evidence obtained makes it possible to suggest plausible causes of death. The way she died is not known yet, however, incredibly high levels of mercury have been found in her remains. This finding opens the door to numerous hypotheses. The...
 

Norway's old cheese--Viking Viagra? (Norway)
  Posted by franksolich
On News/Activism  03/28/2005 3:19:18 AM PST · 28 replies · 845+ views


Norway Post | March 27, 2005 | Janice Neider
Have you heard of Norway's Gamalost (Old Cheese)? It was originally made by the Vikings over 1000 years ago, who believed it had many medicinal properties.But we'll let Janice Nieder tell you what else she discovered:"Phewww! That stuff is nasty -- smells like my dog's bed, but my Grandpa loves it!" was a typical answer when I asked some teens in Balestand, Norway, if they ate Gamalost cheese.I had just heard about this cheese originally made by Vikings over 1000 years ago. They believed it had many medicinal properties and would nibble on it during long voyages to provide energy...
 

Revealed: The softer, caring side of the marauding Viking
  Posted by nickcarraway
On News/Activism  04/07/2005 12:46:37 AM PDT · 17 replies · 454+ views


Scotsman | Thu 7 Apr 2005 | EDWARD BLACK
FAR from their marauding, pillaging stereotypes, Viking warriors were homemakers who couldnít wait to ship their wives over to settle the lands they had conquered, new research reveals. Scientists studying Scots of Viking ancestry in Shetland and Orkney have discovered that there must have been far more Viking women in the Dark Ages settlements than originally thought. However, it appears that Viking wives refused to go deeper into Scotland, with little evidence they made it as far as the Western Isles. Researchers from Oxford University took DNA samples from 500 residents of Shetland using a toothbrush to extract some of...
 

end of digest #38 20050409


208 posted on 04/08/2005 10:19:07 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (Deviance or rebellion without consequences is conformity.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 206 | View Replies ]

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