It’s funny you bring up circular logic.
The fact is, circular logic may be the only logic available to Protestants since there is no truth for the Christian outside of the Holy Scriptures, according to Protestants.
Besides, the scriptures in fact testify that Protestants don’t believe in scripture as much as true Catholics do. For example, a few passages come to mind.
Paraphrasing, “whatever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven.” The papacy.
Paraphrasing, “Whose sins ye shall forgive they shall be forgiven them; whose sins ye shall retain they shall be retained.” The confessional.
Paraphrasing St. John, “And Jesus did many other things that if they were written down, the entire world could not contain them.” Authority that compliments Holy Writ.
Paraphrasing, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man you will have no life within you.” Holy Communion.
Disclaimer: The so-called popes from 1958 to the present could not possibly be popes because they each left the Catholic faith and publicly taught false doctrines. True Catholics thus live according to what the Church has taught consistently since the time of Jesus Christ. The papacy is protected from promulgating erroneous doctrines, and the abovementioned have all done so or at least been members of Freemasonry, which by membership one disavows membership in the Catholic church and thus the office of the pope as well.
I'll take time to focus on just one of your examples. Paraphrasing, “whatever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven.” The papacy.
I suggest we do more than just "paraphrase" the Bible if it's something you're going to hang your religion on (the papacy). Go to https://www.biblestudytools.com/kjv/matthew/16-19.html, which shows Matthew 16:19. Click on the Settings gear and turn on the Strong's Numbers. This will turn some of the words into links so we can research the underlying Greek words. The words that aren't links are English words added in to make the translation readable in English. Here's what it looks like with the English words added:
whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
Here's what it looks like without the English words added (just the words translated directly from Greek):
whatsoever thou bind on earth be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou loose on earth be loosed in heaven.
Note the absence of the words "shall" and "shalt". In other words, the original Greek doesn't imply that whatever Peter says is right and wrong will change Heaven's mind on what is right and wrong. Going by just this alone, it could just as literally be saying that Peter, as one who professes faith in Christ, has the responsibility to get it correct on what he says is right and wrong. Whatever Peter binds better be what Heaven has bound, and whatever Peter loosens better be what Heaven loosened.
And if you don't believe me, look at the Amplified translation, which err's on the side of accuracy more than ease of reading.
whatever you bind [forbid, declare to be improper and unlawful] on earth [a]will have [already] been bound in heaven, and whatever you loose [permit, declare lawful] on earth [b]will have [already] been loosed in heaven.
Footnotes
Matthew 16:19 Gr estai dedemenon, future perfect passive referring to a state of having already been bound.
Matthew 16:19 Gr estai lelumenon, future perfect passive.
Two notes about reading the AMP translation: 1) anything in square brackets [] is the translators' way of saying that they're not sure exactly how best to translate it, for people who like to dig into the weeds. Also, 2) the footnote marks for a and b back up what the definition of the Greek word esomai means.
Lastly, let's use some sense here. Are we really supposed to believe that Jesus told Simon, "Hey, Simon. I'm giving you the new name Little Rocky and I'm letting you call the shots on what's right and wrong. Heaven is sitting around waiting for you to write the rules cuz we can't do it." ?
I mean, really?