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In this copy of the text, I don't see the same quote as the OP found, so I am at a loss for that. Greetings_Puny_Humans, do you have a link for your quote?

The question I have is: does the Catholic Church actually agree with what Augustine says in the link you provided? For instance, Chapters 36 & 39:

Chapter 36.— God Not Only Foreknows that Men Will Be Good, But Himself Makes Them So.

It is He Himself, therefore, that makes those men good, to do good works. For He did not promise them to Abraham because He foreknew that of themselves they would be good. For if this were the case, what He promised was not His, but theirs. But it was not thus that Abraham believed, but he was not weak in faith, giving glory to God; and most fully believing that what He has promised He is able also to perform. Romans 4:19 He does not say, What He foreknew, He is able to promise; nor What He foretold, He is able to manifest; nor What He promised, He is able to foreknow: but What He promised, He is able also to do. It is He, therefore, who makes them to persevere in good, who makes them good. But they who fall and perish have never been in the number of the predestinated. Although, then, the apostle might be speaking of all persons regenerated and living piously when he said, Who are you that judgest another man's servant? To his own master he stands or falls; yet he at once had regard to the predestinated, and said, But he shall stand; and that they might not arrogate this to themselves, he says, For God is able to make him stand. Romans 14:4, etc. It is He Himself, therefore, that gives perseverance, who is able to establish those who stand, so that they may stand fast with the greatest perseverance; or to restore those who have fallen, for the Lord sets up those who are broken down.
Chapter 39 [XIII.]— The Number of the Predestinated is Certain and Defined.

I speak thus of those who are predestinated to the kingdom of God, whose number is so certain that one can neither be added to them nor taken from them; not of those who, when He had announced and spoken, were multiplied beyond number. For they may be said to be called but not chosen, because they are not called according to the purpose. But that the number of the elect is certain, and neither to be increased nor diminished—although it is signified by John the Baptist when he says, Bring forth, therefore, fruits meet for repentance: and think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for God is able of these stones to raise up children to Abraham, Matthew 3:8-9 to show that they were in such wise to be cut off if they did not produce fruit, that the number which was promised to Abraham would not be wanting—is yet more plainly declared in the Apocalypse: Hold fast that which you have, lest another take your crown. Revelation 3:11 For if another would not receive unless one should have lost, the number is fixed.