So how does the Catholic belief on Communion give you a personal knowledge of Jesus?
Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne. He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches.
Your question: So how does the Catholic belief on Communion give you a personal knowledge of Jesus?
When we receive the precious Body and Blood we must first assent that it is indeed Him with the "Amen" and then consume Him.
Short of the marriage act it is the most personal/intimate knowledge you can have.