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Jewish and Christian Bibles: A Comparative Chart

Jewish and Christian Bibles: A Comparative Chart
by Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D.

Introduction:
Although the "New Testament" contains the same twenty-seven books for almost all Christians, there are some major and important differences between the "Hebrew Bible" (HB) used by Jews and different versions of the "Old Testament" (OT) used by various Christian churches and denominations:
  • The foundational texts are different:
    • Jewish Bibles are based on the HB;
    • the OT section in Christian Bibles is arranged according to the order of books in the "Septuagint" (LXX), the ancient Greek version of the Jewish scriptures;
    • however, the translations of individual OT books in Christian Bibles are now usually based on the texts of the HB.
  • The total number of biblical books is different:
    • Jews count 24, Protestants 39, Catholics 46, Orthodox Christians up to 53;
    • certain books of the HB are subdivided in the LXX; e.g., "The Twelve" minor prophets are considered one book in the HB, while the LXX and Christian Bibles count these as twelve separate books;
    • the LXX contains several additional books not found in the HB; Orthodox and Catholic Christians regard these additional books as part of the OT canon (calling them the "Deuterocanonical Books"), while Jews and most Protestant Christians do not (calling them the "Apocrypha").
  • The arrangement of the categories of books is different:
    • e.g. the "Latter Prophets" come before the "Writings" in the HB, but all the "Prophets" come after the "Wisdom" literature in the Christian OT.
      the order of the "Prophets" is also different between the LXX and the Catholic and Protestant OT.
  • The titles of some of the books are different:
    • e.g. "Samuel" of the HB is split up into "1 Kingdoms" and "2 Kingdoms" in the LXX, which are renamed "1 Samuel" and "2 Samuel" in most Christian Bibles.
  • The categorization of some books is different:
    • e.g. several of the books categorized as "Writings" in the HB are placed among the "Historical Books" or the "Prophets" in LXX and the Christian OT; the displacements of Ruth and Esther, Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles (1&2), and Lamentations and Daniel are indicated with highlighted colors in the chart below.
Notes:
  • HB = Hebrew Bible; LXX = Septuagint; OT = Old Testament; see my Biblical Glossary for detailed explanations of all these terms.
  • Books in CAPITALS are found in Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Bibles, but not in most Jewish or Protestant Bibles.
  • Books in Italics are also in the LXX and considered biblical by various Orthodox Christians, but NOT by Jews or most other Christians.

Comparative Chart:
 
HEBREW BIBLE
(a.k.a. Mikra or TaNaK/Tanakh)
ORTHODOX BIBLES
(based on larger versions of LXX;
exact contents & editions vary)
CATHOLIC BIBLE
(based on Alexandrian canon of LXX;
with seven Deuterocanonical books)

PROTESTANT BIBLE
(retains Catholic order, but
seven Apocrypha removed)

Torah / Books of Moses
1) Bereshit / Genesis
2) Shemot / Exodus
3) VaYikra / Leviticus
4) BaMidbar / Numbers
5) Devarim / Deuteronomy
 
Pentateuch
1) Genesis
2) Exodus
3) Leviticus
4) Numbers
5) Deuteronomy
Pentateuch (Law)
1) Genesis
2) Exodus
3) Leviticus
4) Numbers
5) Deuteronomy
Law (Pentateuch)
1) Genesis
2) Exodus
3) Leviticus
4) Numbers
5) Deuteronomy
Nevi'im / Former Prophets
6) Joshua
7) Judges
8) Samuel (1&2)
9) Kings (1&2)
 
Historical Books
6) Joshua
7) Judges
8) Ruth
9) 1 Kingdoms (= 1 Sam)
10) 2 Kingdoms (= 2 Sam)
11) 3 Kingdoms (= 1 Kings)
12) 4 Kingdoms (= 2 Kings)
13) 1 Chronicles
14) 2 Chronicles
15) 1 Esdras
16) 2 Esdras (=Erza + Nehemiah)
17)
Esther (longer version)
18) JUDITH
19) TOBIT
 
20) 1 MACCABEES
21) 2 MACCABEES
22) 3 Maccabees
23) 4 Maccabees

 
Historical Books
6) Joshua
7) Judges
8) Ruth
9) 1 Samuel
10) 2 Samuel
11) 1 Kings
12) 2 Kings
13) 1 Chronicles
14) 2 Chronicles

15) Ezra
16) Nehemiah
17) TOBIT
18) JUDITH
19) Esther (longer version)
20) 1 MACCABEES
21) 2 MACCABEES
Historical Books
6) Joshua
7) Judges
8) Ruth
9) 1 Samuel
10) 2 Samuel
11) 1 Kings
12) 2 Kings
13) 1 Chronicles
14) 2 Chronicles

15) Ezra
16) Nehemiah


17) Esther (shorter version)
Nevi'im / Latter Prophets
10) Isaiah
11) Jeremiah
12) Ezekiel
13) The Book of the Twelve:
       Hosea, Joel,
       Amos, Obadiah,
       Jonah, Micah,
       Nahum, Habakkuk,
       Zephaniah, Haggai,
       Zechariah, Malachi
 
Khetuvim / Writings
14) Psalms (150)
15) Proverbs
16) Job
17) Song of Solomon
18) Ruth
19) Lamentations
20) Ecclesiastes
21) Esther (shorter version)
22) Daniel (12 chapters)
23) Ezra-Nehemiah
24) Chronicles (1&2)
Poetic Books
24) Psalms (151)
25)    Odes (w/ Prayer of Manasseh)
26) Proverbs
27) Ecclesiastes
28) Song of Solomon
29) Job
30) WISDOM of Solomon
31) SIRACH, a.k.a. Ecclesiasticus
32) Psalms of Solomon
Wisdom Books
22) Job
23) Psalms (150)
24) Proverbs
25) Ecclesiastes
26) Song of Solomon
27) WISDOM of Solomon
28) SIRACH, a.k.a. Ecclesiasticus
Wisdom Books
18) Job
19) Psalms (150)
20) Proverbs
21) Ecclesiastes
22) Song of Solomon
. Prophets
33) Hosea
34) Amos
35) Micah
36) Joel
37) Obadiah
38) Jonah
39) Nahum
40) Habakkuk
41) Zephaniah
42) Haggai
43) Zechariah
44) Malachi
 
45) Isaiah
46) Jeremiah
47)     BARUCH
48)     Lamentations
49)     LETTER of JEREMIAH
50) Ezekiel
51) Daniel (2 chapters listed separately):
52)     SUSANNA
53)     BEL and the DRAGON
Prophets
29) Isaiah
30) Jeremiah
31) Lamentations
32) BARUCH (incl. LETTER of JER.)
33) Ezekiel
34) Daniel (14 chapters)

35) Hosea
36) Joel
37) Amos
38) Obadiah
39) Jonah
40) Micah
41) Nahum
42) Habakkuk
43) Zephaniah
44) Haggai
45) Zechariah
46) Malachi
Prophets
23) Isaiah
24) Jeremiah
25) Lamentations
 
26) Ezekiel
27) Daniel (only 12 chapters)

28) Hosea
29) Joel
30) Amos
31) Obadiah
32) Jonah
33) Micah
34) Nahum
35) Habakkuk
36) Zephaniah
37) Haggai
38) Zechariah
39) Malachi

1 posted on 07/14/2012 10:36:47 AM PDT by Salvation
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To: nickcarraway; NYer; ELS; Pyro7480; livius; ArrogantBustard; Catholicguy; RobbyS; marshmallow; ...

Studying the propheys Ping!


2 posted on 07/14/2012 10:41:02 AM PDT by Salvation ("With God all things are possible." Matthew 19:26)
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bttt


3 posted on 07/14/2012 10:47:29 AM PDT by Matchett-PI ("A right can't come at the expense of another" ~ Walter Williams)
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To: Salvation
Contrary to what many fundamentalist preachers or late-night radio hosts would have you believe, biblical prophecy is not primarily about "predicting the future" or finding clues in the Bible that correspond to people or events in our own day and age!

Oddly enough, most "fundamentalist preachers" don't teach this, either.

4 posted on 07/14/2012 11:08:11 AM PDT by Yashcheritsiy (not voting for the lesser of two evils)
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To: Salvation

It is unsurprising that a Catholic writer would deny the authenticity of the Bible. The Book of Daniel, for example, was written by Daniel during the Babylonian exile if one believes the scripture. Instead, it lists it as being written after Alexander, most probably since Daniel predicted the rise of Alexander and the splitting of his kingdom into 4.

Prophecy is indeed any message from God, but God gave to men also expectations of the future, of which Daniel’s 70 weeks was one of the greatest and most exact. Jesus also predicted the fall of Jerusalem, which would not happen until 70ad.


8 posted on 07/14/2012 1:14:49 PM PDT by RaisingCain
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To: Salvation

I did not read the whole thing because it is too long but was the telling of Jerusalem being restored in the latter days for the people back then?

We saw it happen, and even those people who don,t from nothing about the scriptures can see it.

And also
Daniel 12
1
And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book.

2
And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.

3
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.

4
But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased.

This world has seen at least 95 percent of the increase of knowledge in our life time.

People of my age saw their dads or even older brothers walking behind horses or mules and some even did it them selves.

The famous movie stars were getting from the pacific to the Atlantic on coal powered trains or in the old cars, an old hotel in Gallup new Mexico well knew most of the stars because they had to make two or three stops en route.

Only the better off people had electricity and running water in the west even in the 1940s

No tv until 1948 or 49 and that was just for a few and commercial airlines a little later.

I believe Danial was talking about the times we live in.


11 posted on 07/14/2012 2:20:45 PM PDT by ravenwolf
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To: Salvation
They were challenging people of their own world, especially their political rulers, to remain faithful to God's commandments and/or to repent and turn back to God if they had strayed.

The folks I normally read and listen to are apt to point to the prophet's role as covenant messenger, pressing the suit of the great king (God himself, in this case) against his errant vassal people.

20 posted on 07/14/2012 6:21:43 PM PDT by Lee N. Field ("I'm so thankful for the active obedience of Christ. No hope without it." -- J. Gresham Machen)
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To: Salvation

When you post at times I believe we have real hard core masons responding at times.


21 posted on 07/14/2012 7:10:40 PM PDT by johngrace (I am a 1 John 4! Christian- declared at every Sunday Mass , Divine Mercy and Rosary prayers!)
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To: Salvation

When you post at times I believe we have real hard core masons responding at times.


22 posted on 07/14/2012 7:10:51 PM PDT by johngrace (I am a 1 John 4! Christian- declared at every Sunday Mass , Divine Mercy and Rosary prayers!)
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To: Salvation
One gets the impression that “fundamentalist preachers” are some mysterious, exotic breed of human to the author. I suspect he's never encountered one in the wild.

Heaven forfend if prophetic warnings of future events in the Bible itself are taken literally as (gasp!) prophetic warnings of future events.

We apparently are to instead look to odd, modern era “spiritual” emanations such as Fatima regarding future events, since these things ever so much more credible than the Bible.

23 posted on 07/14/2012 7:29:25 PM PDT by RegulatorCountry
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To: Salvation
Hello Salvation. Wonder when Christ told His disciples in Mark 13:23 But take ye heed: behold, I have foretold you all things.” Did Christ really mean what He claimed, or was He just boasting? Now this was stated before one ‘WORD’ (sola scripture to the majority of protesters) of the so called New Testament ever got recorded on plant or animal materials.

Then Christ quotes Isaiah 13:10 in verse 24, But in those days *after* that tribulation, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light,

Then Christ quotes Isaiah 34:4, then Daniel 7:13, etc....,

The Gospel includes those as Peter called ‘holy prophets’. Silly men/women snip and clip scriptures much like the scientific community devised their so called scientific methodology. And the longer I live the more I have observed the conjoining of religion of men in the same methodology some call science.

I think the author has called Christ Himself a fundie.

29 posted on 07/14/2012 8:38:21 PM PDT by Just mythoughts (Luke 17:32 Remember Lot's wife.)
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To: Salvation
All due respect there is alot wrong with this author's writing.

"The books they wrote do not contain hidden coded messages for people living in the 20th or 21st centuries!"

Really! Mr Author!

Daniel 12

12:9 "And he said: Go, Daniel, because the words are shut up, and sealed until the appointed time.

12:10 Many shall be chosen, and made white, and shall be tried as fire: and the wicked shall deal wickedly, and none of the wicked shall understand, but the learned shall understand.

12:11 And from the time when the continual sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination unto desolation shall be set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred ninety days.

12:12 Blessed is he that waitedth, and cometh unto a thousand three hundred thirty-five days.

12:13 But go thou thy ways until the time appointed: and thou shalt rest, and stand in thy lot unto the end of the days."

I do not know about his specifics but nobody will truly understand until the end of days. We are near and dear very close. These passages and others like it it make more sense now than ever.

Especially in the book of Revelation a hundred million plus man army from the east will be a major event.

Right now we have 90,000 Chinese army and Russian army in Middle east.

I believe it is no coincede that China is called the Dragon which is in Revelation book. It is steeped in there culture.

32 posted on 07/15/2012 6:10:12 AM PDT by johngrace (I am a 1 John 4! Christian- declared at every Sunday Mass , Divine Mercy and Rosary prayers!)
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To: Salvation

I think I’ll pass on receiving Biblical instruction from any member of a religion that does not acknowledge that all Scripture is God breathed, but rather places more emphasis on it’s man-made traditions and rituals.


36 posted on 07/15/2012 7:33:17 PM PDT by crosshairs
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