Visa overstays could be addressed with better computer systems.
There are probably many databases that would reveal them, if they were searched - credit cards, cell phones, etc., in addition to Government databases, like drivers licenses welfare or voter registration. I doubt that China has much of a problem with visa overstays.
Artificial intelligence applications could mine the data, and learn to track them down.
Also, penalties could be increased, and deportation policies could be streamlined.
Computer systems is what is on the horizon.
snip
A top official at the Department of Homeland Security says the agency will start
deploying a long-delayed computer system in 2018 to detect when foreign visitors
and temporary workers fail to depart the United States on time.