I don’t think that answers the question of what to do with those who refuse to leave.
(and I do not have the answer to that, either)
I’d bring in the fine folks from United Airlines / Flood Evacuation Services to handle it. But seriously the calculation has to take into account public cost. If there’s zero public cost, then there should be zero force to remove the guy. But I think there is always some public cost and thus a small amount of force needs to be applied. Taking by the arm, sure. Dragging, no.
This is a great subject for discussion. For this storm, one of the primary reasons people historically refused to leave their homes was alleviated--pets were evacuated with their owners, and permitted into the shelters. This one change in evacuation and shelter policy greatly improved compliance with evacuation.
There are others who refuse to leave due to very realistic concerns about looting. This is a personal decision folks need to make between their lives and their possessions. When their possessions are ruined by flood water, it really doesn't make much difference.
Still others have lots of testosterone and a touch of clueless adolescence looking forward to the next exciting adventure stories they may share, thinking nothing is stronger than them. Invincible! If they don't listen to reason, then take names, give them a toe tag and a sharpie pen.
Still others are set in their ways, some may be due to a touch of senility, drug and/or alcohol dependence. Once they have been provided the risk to life, then give them a sharpie and a toe tag.
That's my opinion, your mileage may vary.
Make those who refuse mandatory evacuation sign a form that states they were warned of the danger, told they had to leave and are refusing. No one will be available and they accept all responsibility.signed