I’ve always wondered how that upturned end of runway deck has worked for the Russians? Seems to me better than a flat-top as the planes wings provide a better angle to provide more lift.
Pretty much everyone but us and the French build only ski-jump carriers now. They’re cheaper and simpler as they have no catapaults and can allow heavier aircraft to launch than a catapault carrier can launch but the tradeoff is that the payloads that ski-jump aviation can carry are much lower than a catapault launched fighter or bomber can haul.