I saw that video of the frigate. If it had fuel, it probably would have caught on fire.
I pretty certain a submarine can sink a carrier. It would take a few torpedoes. At a minimum, it would be able to disable it.
Submarines can sit at choke points and wait. In places such as the gate of tears or the straight of hormuz.
One thing I would say, is that a couple of times we were found by a platform a lot less advance than a US warship, and they were not even looking for us.
2 mk48’s couldn’t sink a 4000 ton frigate with no crew doing damage control. So multiply it for a 90,000+ ton carrier. 20+ hits?