I don't know who the biggest producers in the US are now.
Kinda like corn in states like Iowa, etc.
Of interest, most of today's cane sugar production from Belle Glade FL to LA has the US Sugar Co. (a primary Fanjul holding) fingerprint as when you grow it and they themselves grow much, you must refine it. There are few alternative uses and the man who controls the refinery and the outlet is the man, period.
Slavery also played a role in many of the antibellum changes in sugar protection legislation both federal and state. Harvesting cane sugar is some of the most grueling work ever visited on ag workers, far more difficult and dangerous than cotton or lettuce. Today's American cane sugar harvesting still requires temporary labor often from the Caribbean as it is not work that Americans will do for almost any price.