No, the states cannot define marriage insofar as said definition becomes an attack on the free exercise of religion. In fact, the free exercise clause as supreme law of the land could (and perhaps would) preclude that being a state’s right.
State definition of marriage has nothing at all to with religion. It’s common sense and for the betterment of mankind. For the good of society. That’s why marriage, up till the freak sodomites took control of the debate, was ALWAYS the union of a man and woman. The founding fathers would laugh in the face of someone that mentioned “same-sex marriage”, like any sane, rational person should.
And all this BS would have not been possible if not for the sodomite-loving Anthony Kennedy, who ruled sodomy was not illegal in Texas, which of course started the country down the path of sodomite “marriage”. Kennedy knew more than all the Founding Fathers, the writers of the Constitution, and every US Supreme Court justice in the last 235 years. He decided it all. He is directly responsible for destroying marriage in the United States. It takes common sense to be an effective justice and that’s something Kennedy does not have.
Yet there've been many cases where Muslims and Christians were arrested for participating in illegal plural marriages:
Charges laid against Bountiful leader Winston Blackmore ...
After the Manifesto: Modern Polygamy and Fundamentalist Mormons
Twentieth-Century Polygamy and Fundamentalist Mormons in Southern Utah