Although I would consult with FReeper Jeff Head on this, I believe that no other country operates a “carrier” larger than our amphibious assault ships. In other words, only the United States Navy really has a “fleet carrier” in operation. But I’m sure Jeff can provide much more detailed information on how the operational capabilities of the various navies of the world vary.
As for the United States Navy in World War 2, the assembly line production of 24 Essex class carriers is staggering. And we could easily have built 32 of them if we needed them. This does not include the 70 some CVEs we built, which saw duties that varied from anti-submarine operations and aircraft ferrying and amphibious air support. We never intended that they serve as front-line naval combat units (although one fateful morning they did).
The point is that the Japanese never came close to this sort of naval construction. If the Japanese had our CVEs, they would have pressed them into combat as fleet units because they had to. And to the extent they did build those type of ships, the Hiyo and Junyo, they did press them into fleet combat duty. That was the best they could do.
They had no business taking us on.
The French nuclear carrier Charles De Gaulle is roughly the same size as our old Wasp class Amphibious Assault Ships, such as Iwo Jima, LHD-7.
Russia's Kuznetsov is somewhat larger, fully loaded, having more the dimensions of a Nimitz class than even America class amphibious assault carriers.
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Once in a while we read the Brits are getting back in the large carrier business, but then later, budget cuts take them back out.
Can't say where that stands today...
“This does not include the 70 some CVEs we built,”
70? More like 123 if you count the ones we gave the Brits. And you aren’t counting the 9 CVLs.