[Petrosius]

The Budget is only an internal Congressional document and does not authorize any spending. Its purpose is to give direction to the various appropriation committees. This is why it does not need a presidential signature. There may be the practice of authorizing the spending of funds collected by fees without Congressional appropriation but if so this in itself is contrary to the Constitution that explicitly states:

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.

The Treasury means the funds held by the government of the United States, not just account in the Department of Treasury. According to the Constitution all spending must be authorized by an "Appropriation made by Law."

[tanknetter]

Then please explain to me why Immigration stayed open and operational through the entirety of the government shutdown last year?